2022年人教版英语中考二轮复习特殊句式和主谓一致

2022年中考二轮复习　特殊句式和主谓一致
一、热门考点1 there be句型
there be句型表示“(某处)有某人或某物”，there没有具体意义。
there be句型
（1）肯定句 There＋be＋主语(＋地点).
There were many apples in the market thirty minutes ago. 30分钟前市场里有很多苹果。
（2）否定句 There＋be ＋not＋主语(＋地点).
There isn’t any tea in the cup.杯中没有茶。
（3）一般疑问句 —Be＋there＋主语(＋地点)
—Yes，there＋be./No，there＋be＋not.
—Is there an eraser in your pencil box？你铅笔盒有橡皮吗？
—No，there isn’t.不，没有。
（4）反意疑问句 疑问部分用be (not) there
There are two books in your schoolbag，aren’t there？床下面有两个球，不是吗？
2．there be句型的各种时态
（1）一般现在时 There is/are...
There is a tree in front of my house. 我房子前面有一棵树。
（2）一般过去时 There was/were…
There were many people at the party yesterday. 昨天有很多人参加派对。
一般将来时 There will be…/There is/are going to be…
There will/is going to be a concert tomorrow. 明天会有一场演唱会。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1. There _________ a bed in the room.
A．be　 B．is　C．are
2．— Will you play football tonight
—No, because there _________ a wonderful football match on TV tonight.
A．will have　　 B．is going to have C．will be　　 D．are going to be
3．There _________ a cat and two rabbits under the tree.
A．have　 B．has　 C．is　 D．are
4．There _________ good news for the people of our city now. It says that the Covid-19 will be defeated completely.
A．is　　 B．are　　C．was　　 D．were
5．There _________ a music festival in our city last Saturday.
A．is　　 B．was　　C．are　　 D．were
6．—What’s on your bed
—_________ two pairs of socks on it.
A．It is　　 B．It has　　C．There is　　 D．There are　
7．There _____ (be) an eraser and some books on the desk.
8．There is a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes ______ (be) my father’s.
9．There ______ (be) some good news on TV last night.
答案：B　C　C　A B　D　is　are　was　
二、热门考点2 倒装句
因语法的要求或为了强调某一部分，会把谓语提到主语前面，这种句子叫作倒装句。
“So＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”
表示下文中后者与上文中所述的肯定情况相同。动词形式要和上句中的时态保持一致。
—Nancy has two eggs for breakfast. 南希早餐吃两个鸡蛋。
—So do I．我也是。
“Neither/Nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”
表示与上文中所述的否定情况相同。动词形式的选择要和上句中的时态保持一致。
—My mother has never been to Guangzhou.我妈妈从来没有去过广州。
—Neither/Nor have I．我也没有去过。
3．以here、there等表示方位副词开头的倒装句
如果主语是名词(短语)，句子要倒装。当主语是人称代词时，句子不倒装。
There comes the train.火车来了。
Here he comes. 他来了。（代词作主语，句子不倒装）
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．—There are many advertisements on computer when you turn it on. I don’t like them.
—_________. Some of them are harmful to us.
A．So do I　　 B．So am I C．Neither do I　　 D．Neither am I
2．—John doesn’t know much America.
—_________.
A．So do I　　 B．So am I C．Neither do I　　 D．Neither am I
3．—I hope the summer vacation will come soon.
—_________. It’s really exciting.
A．So I did B．So I do C．So did I　　 D．So do I
4．—Did you go to Jay Chou’s concert last night
—Yes，I did. _________.
A．So did Tim　　 B．So Tim did C．Tim did so D．Tim went so
5．Hey，Lucy. ________ comes the last bus! Hurry up，or we’ll have to take a taxi.
A．This　 B．There C．That D．It
答案：C　C　D　A　B　
三、热门考点3 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
不可数名词、单数可数名词、单数代词作主语时，谓语用单数
Molly studies harder than her best friend.
莫莉比她最好的朋友学习更努力。【人教八(上)Unit 3 P20】
（2）动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语用单数
Watching sitcoms is a great way to relax！
看情景喜剧是一种很好的放松方式！ 【人教八(上)Unit 5 P99】
（3）something、anybody、nothing等不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数
Somebody is in the WC.有人在使用卫生间。
Each student has a school ID card in our class.我们班每个学生都有一张学生卡。
（4）one of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数
One of my classmates comes from Germany.我的一个同学来自德国。
（5）the number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数
a number of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数
The number of workers in this company is about 1,000 and a number of them walk to work.
这个公司大约有1000名工人，许多工人走路上班。
and和“both…and…”连接并列主语作主语时，谓语用复数
Both Bill and Jay are from America.比尔和杰伊都来自美国。
由cup、bottle、pair等计量单位名词修饰的名词作主语时，谓语由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定
Three pairs of shoes were made by myself. 这3双鞋子由我独自制作。
none/neither/either of后面跟可数名词的复数形式或复数代词作主语时，谓语用单数、复数都可以
None of those magazines sell/sells well.那些杂志中没有一本卖得好。
“lots of/plenty of/most of＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语单复数取决于后面的名词
Two thirds of the workers are men.三分之二的工人是男性。
Thirty percent of the water is used to water the plants. 30%的水被用来淋植被。
主语后有with、along、like、except、besides、including、but、as well as等引导的名词或代词时，谓语单复数取决于主语
Tom with his parents is watching TV. 汤姆和他的父母正在看电视。
Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book. 除了吉姆和蒂姆之外人人都有一本新书。
（11）若and连接的并列主语表示同一人或事物(and后的主语前没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。
The teacher and mother is having lunch now.这位老师兼妈妈现在正在吃午饭。
（12）定语从句中关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应与先行词的单复数保持一致。
I will never forget the days that were full of pleasure.我将永远不会那些充满欢乐的时光。
2．意义一致原则：谓语动词的形式要与主语意义上的单复数形式保持一致。
（1）有些集体名词，如family、class、public、group等。若表示一个集体，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式
Jeff’s family is having a yard sale.杰夫家正在进行庭院拍卖。【人教八(下)Unit 10 】
Zhu Hui’s family are at home.现在是上午9点，朱辉的家人在家。【人教七(下)Unit 6】
有些集体名词，如people、police等，表示复数意义作主语时，谓语用复数
Finally，the police come and the men are taken away.最后，警察来了，这些人被带走了。
“the＋形容词”表示一类人作主语时，谓语用复数
The young need more opportunities. 年轻人需要更多的机会。
（4）有些以-s结尾的名词，却表示单数意义，如news、politics等作主语时，谓语用单数 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
（5）表示时间、长度、重量、价格、距离等意义的名词作主语时，谓语用单数
2 meters’ height is enough for me. 2米身高对我来说真的足够了。
10 dollars is enough to buy a cake. 10美元足够买一个蛋糕了。
单复数同形的名词，如sheep、deer、means、species、series等作主语。表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之，用复数
Every possible means has been tried.每一种可能的方法都被试过了。
All the means are of great use.所有的方法都很有用。
3．就近一致原则：谓语动词由最靠近它的主语决定单复数形式。
（1）there be、here be句式中，be由最靠近它的主语决定单复数形式
There is an apple and two oranges on the chair.椅子上有一个苹果和两个橘子。
There are two oranges and an egg on the chair.椅子上有两个橘子和一个苹果。
由“either…or…”“neither…nor…” “not only…but also…”“not…but…”或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致
Not only the students but also their teacher knows about the truth.
不仅是学生，他们的老师也知道真相人。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1. Not only I but also his father _________ action movies acted by Chenglong.
A．am　　 B．is　　C．are　　 D．be
2. He _________ like his father.
A．look　　 B．looks C．looking
3．(2020·北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷)Both Mike and his sister Lucy _________ good at Chinese.
A．is　 B．am　 C．are　　 D．be
4. Police _________ hard every day to fight against the thieves.
A．works　　 B．working C．work　　 D．have worked
5．Geography _________ an easy subject for me.
A．are　　 B．is　　C．am　　 D．be
6．The number of teenagers who volunteer to help the old people on holidays _________ increasing recently.
A．is　　 B．are　　C．be　　 D． are
7．One of my friends _________ finished his home. I admired him very much.
A．has　　 B．have　　C．is　　 D．are
8．This is my twin sister，Lucy. Not only she but also I ________ good at dancing.
A．is　　 B．am　　C．are　　 D．be
9．Ten years ago，there ________ an tall building and many houses in my hometown.
A．is　　 B．are　　C．was　　 D．were　
10．Neither you nor Li Ming _________ to Guilin before.
A．have been B．is C．are　　 D．has been
答案：B　B　C　C　B　A　A　B　C D　　
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