2022年中考二轮复习 情态动词
一、热门考点1 常见情态动词的用法
1. can表请求、允许和能力
(1)表示能力,意为“能,会”
(2)表示“请求、允许”,意为“可以”
Who can give me a pen?谁能给我支笔?
Can we bring our smart phones to school 我们可以带智能手机到学校吗?
You can play basketball this afternoon.今天下午五点后你可以打篮球。
could表请求和能力
(1)can的过去式,表示过去的“能力”
(2)表示委婉的请求,用于疑问句。对疑问句的回答用can而不用could
Mary could dress herself at the age of three.玛丽三岁时就能自己穿衣服了。
Could you tell me how to get to the bus station?你能告诉我如何到达公交车站吗?
may表请求和允许
(1)用来征求对方的意见
(2)用于陈述句,表示同意别人做某事
May I have a look?我可以借一下你的钢笔吗?
You may marry him if you wish. 如果你想嫁给他,就嫁呗。
might表请求、许可,语气比may更委婉
Might I borrow your Chinese book?我可以借你的中文书吗?
must表命令、建议,表示“必须”“一定要”;其否定形式为mustn’t,表示“禁止”
You must take good care of yourself.你一定要好好照顾你自己。
I mustn’t stay up late in the evening.我晚上不能熬夜。
should表要求、劝告或建议、义务、职责等,意为“应该”
We should work harder to earn more money.我们应该努力工作来赚取更多的钱。
We shouldn’t buy cigarette any more.我们不应该再买烟了。
will表示意愿和请求
(1)自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等,其否定形式为won’t
与you连用表示请求或要求
Will you play basketball tomorrow,Tom?汤姆,明天你和我一起打篮球好吗?
He won’t argue with his dad any more. 我不愿意再和他老爸争辩了。
would 表意愿或询问,表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问,比will更委婉
Would you go with me?你会和我一起去吗?
had better表示“最好”,用来劝告或建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为had better not Your bike is broken. You had better have it repaired.你的自行车坏了。你最好让人修一下。
You had better not sleep in class.你最好不要在课上睡觉了。
need表示必要性和需要
(1)在表否定的句子中,needn’t表示“不必”,还可以说don’t have to
(2)用于疑问句和肯定句中,表示“需要”
You needn’t go to work if you are sleepy. 如果你困了的话,你就不必去上班了。
—Need I hand in my paper tomorrow?我明天需要交论文吗?
—No,you needn’t/don’t have to./Yes,you must/have to.不,没必要。/是的,你必须交。
shall 表示请求或征求对方意见,表示决心、警告、命令
(1)常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句
(2)多用于第二或第三人称
Shall we get each of them a book and gift to say thank you?我们给他们每人送本书和礼物表示感谢好吗?
He shall close the door after I buy the last T-shirt. 当我买完最后一件T-恤时,他可以关门了。
dare 意为“敢,敢于”,用作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,
过去式dared。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中
She dare not say what she thinks. 她不敢说她的想法。
Dare you sleep without your mother?妈妈不在身边,你敢睡觉吗吗?
注意:由“Must I …”引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用“Yes,you must.”;否定回答用“No,you needn’t/don’t have to.”。
—Must I wash my clothes today?我必须今天洗完衣服吗?
—Yes,you must.是的,你必须。/ No,you needn’t /don’t have to.不,你不必。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编)
1.My dad is going to win the game! I _________ believe my eyes.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
2.—Must stay at home to keep away from Covid-19 now
—_________ That’s the rule.
A.Yes,you can. B.No,you can’t.
C.Yes,you must. D.No,you mustn’t.
3.We _________ leave the house until our parents get home.
A.can B.must C.mustn’t D.needn’t
4.—_________ I use your ruler,Lily
—Of course.
A.Would B.May C.Need D.Must
5.You can’t imagine what the earth _________ be like without air and water.
A.might B.should C.need D.would
6.By the time she was four,Linda _______ read by herself.
A.could B.must C.need D.may
7.Dad,________ you please wash your hand and have dinner
A.could B.may C.might D.must
8.Jay told me that he _________ leave before 6:00 a.m.
A.dare B.can C.might D.will
9.I _________ take too much money with me. I like to pay on the mobile phone.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
答案:A C C B D A A C C
热门考点2 情态动词表推测的用法
can表示可能性、推测,往往用于否定句或疑问句
That can’t be Jenny.She’s at home. 那不可能是珍妮。她在家。
could表示可能性,可以表示过去、现在的可能性,比can的可能性要弱
You could be right,I think.我想你可能是对的。
may表示可能性,may表示的可能性比can小
Alice may know my address. 爱丽丝可能知道我的地址。
might 可以表示过去、现在的可能性,可能性比may表示的可能性小
He told me he might finish the project by himself. 他告诉我他可能会独自完成项目。
must表示推测,常译为“一定是;准是”,常指有根据的、比较有把握的推测。这种用法只能用于肯定句
Jay and Dickens must be twins. They look so much alike. 杰伊和狄更斯准是双胞胎。他们长得太像了。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编)
1.—Is that woman in the store your mother
—No. It _________ be her. She has gone to the library.
A.can’t B.can C.mustn’t D.must
2.—Whose English book is this
—It _________ be Mike’s. It has his name on it.
A.can B.may C.will D.must
3.Don’t cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. A car ________ hit you.
A.may B.need C.should D.must
4.—Is that Lily
—No,it _________ be her. She always has long straight hair.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
5.—What will the weather be like tomorrow
—It _________ be snowy,windy or sunny. I’m not sure.
A.must B.could C.shall D.should
6.My mother thought a car _________ make me happy but I don’t like driving a car at all.
A.had better B.will C.need D.might
答案:A D A A B D
拓展
1.must与have to的区别
(1)must强调说话者的主观意愿
We must listen hard to get the main idea of his speech. 我们必须努力聆听以获取他演讲的大意。
(2)have to强调客观上的必要性,译为“不得不”,don’t have to 译为“不必”
She has to go back to work to make a living in the afternoon.她下午得去上班以谋生。
can与be able to的区别
(1)can可用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could)
Tom couldn’t play soccer last year,but now he can. 汤姆去年不会弹钢琴,但现在他会了。
(2)be able to可用于现在时态、过去时态和将来时态等
We will be able to buy a big house next month. 我们下个月能买一间大房子。
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