2022年人教版中考英语二轮复习 并列复合句与从属复合句（含答案）

2022年中考二轮复习 并列复合句与从属复合句
第一部分 并列复合句
用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句，我们称之为并列复合句。句子结构为：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
热门考点1 并列连词
一、表并列关系的并列连词
1. and 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子，表示顺承关系。还用于“祈使句＋and＋简单句”句型中，相当于条件状语从句，可以转化为if的条件状语从句。
We all like singing and dancing. 我们都喜欢唱歌和跳舞。
Work hard，and you’ll get the job. ＝If you work hard，you’ll get the job.
(如果你)努力干活，你就会获得这份工作。
2. or表示选择意义“或是，还是”。在否定句中连接并列成分，意为“和”。还能表示“否则，要不然”，用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”中。可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。
Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of mike 你想来一杯茶还是一杯牛奶？
Hurry up，or you’ll be late for the early bus.＝If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late for the early bus.
快点儿，否则你要错过早班车了。
3.拓展and与or用于否定句
(1)列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用and；列举成分在否定词之后时，用or。
Dad and Mum are not teachers. 爸爸和妈妈都不是老师。
He can’t speak French or English. 他不会说法语和英语。
(2)在否定句中，所连接的两部分都有否定词时，用and。
It has no ears and no eyes. 它没有耳朵和眼睛。
表转折关系的并列连词
but表示转折关系，意为“但是”
I’d like to，but I’m afraid I have no money. 我很想去，但是恐怕我没有钱。
yet表示转折关系，意为“然而”
She studied hard, yet she failed to enter the university. 她学习很努力，然而却没有进入大学。
while表示前后意义的对比关系，意为“而，然而”
Some students are good at physics while some students are good at Chinese. 有的学生擅长物理，而有的学生擅长语文。
表示因果关系的并列连词
so表示结果，意为“因此，所以”
The shirt was very expensive，so I didn’t buy it. 这条衬衫太贵了，所以我没有买。
for意为“因为”，表示原因，但回答why提出的问题只能用because
I didn’t attend the meeting，for I was not invited. 我没有参加会议，因为我没有被邀请。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1. The great actor Wu Mengda left us last year，________ he will live in our hearts for ever.
A．So　 B．but
C．if D．since
2．The girl is not very tall，________ she jumps very far.
A．and　 B．so　
C．But 　D．or
3．Tell your sister to hurry up，________ she’ll miss the early plane.
A．or　　 B．and　　
C．so　　 D．but
4．There was something wrong with my bike，________ I went to school on foot.
A．and　　 B．so　　
C．or D．but
5．—Can you play computer games with me this weekend
—Sorry，I’m going to take part in a paper cutting show，________ I must prepare for it.
A．or　　 B．but 　　
C．because D．and
6．Keep trying，______ you will find your ability to win the game.
7．—How time flies! The junior high school life is going to the end.
—Yes. Say goodbye is necessary，______ our friendship will last forever.
8．Which subject are you good at，Chinese ______ maths
9．I will stay in Beijing for seven days，_____ you have to take good care of your sister.
答案：1-5 BCABD 6.and 7.but 8.or 9.so
二、热门考点2并列连词词组
1. both…and… “…和…两者都”，当连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式Both Jack and Linda are going to Jilin this winter vacation. 杰克和琳达都打算今年寒假去吉林。
2. not only…but also… “不但…而且…”，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致(简称“就近原则”)
Not only the students but also Mr.Lin joins the science club.不仅学生们加入了科学俱乐部，林老师也加入了艺术俱乐部。
Not only Mr.Lin but also the students join the science club.不仅林老师加入了艺术俱乐部，学生们也加入了科学俱乐部。
either…or… “或者……或者……”，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Either Tim or I am wrong.　要么蒂姆错，要么我错。
Either I or Tom is wrong. 要么我错，要么蒂姆错。
neither…nor… “既不……也不……”，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致
Neither I nor he is right. 我不对，他也不对。
Neither he nor I am right.他不对，我也不对。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
单项选择
1. ________ your father ________ your mother is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A．Either; or　　 B．Neither; nor
C．Both; and D．Not only; but also
2．________ my uncle ________ my aunt get on well with me. I love them very much.
A．Either; or　　 B．Both; and
C．Neither; nor　　 D．Not; until
3．—Who can take part in 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
—_________ Lucy ______ Lily are OK. They’re good at skiing.
A．Either; or　 B．Neither; nor
C．Not only; but also　 D．Both; and
4．—Sarah，how do your parents like Wu Jing
—________ my brother ______ my sister likes him. They both like his performance in his new movie The Battle At Lake Changjin Ⅱ.
A．Either; or　 B．Not only; but also
C．Neither; nor　 D．Both; and
答案：1-4 A　B　D B
第二部分　从属复合句
定义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句须由一个关联词引导。初中阶段要求掌握的有：宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
一、热门考点1 状语从句
（一）结构：主+谓（+宾）+从属连词+主+谓（+宾语）
　 　　 ↓　 　↓
　　 主句 　 状语从句
（二）初中常见的状语从句
(1) 时间状语从句
1. when “当……时候”，when引导的从句，谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去的某种时态
When you came in，I was playing computer games. 你进来时，我正在打电脑游戏。
while “当……时”，while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常常用进行时While we were waiting for the train，it was snowing heavily. 我们等火车时，正下着大雪。
until “直到……”，与till同义，常用在“not…until…”结构中，表示“直到……才……”
I will do my housework until it is finished. 我要做家务，直到做完为止。
I won’t go out until my homework is finished. 直到作业做完，我才会外出。
before “在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系，从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后
We need to think before we act and make good decisions for ourselves.我们需要在行动前思考，为自己做出正确的决定。
after “在……之后”，从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前
We will go to the park after we have supper. 吃完晚饭后我们将去公园。
since “自……以来”，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时
They have lived in Guangzhou since they came to China. 自从他们来到中国就一直住在广州。
as soon as “一……就……”，引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时
I’ll call you as soon as I am free. 我一有空就给你打电话。
目的状语从句
so that “为了；以便于……”，后接从句，表示目的，只能用于句中
The runner ran fast so that they could win the first place. 运动员跑得很快以便能获得第一名。
in order that “为了……”，后接从句，表示目的，可用于句中，也可用于句首
He left early in order that he could catch the early train. 他早早就离开了,以便能赶上早班火车。
结果状语从句
so…that… “如此…以至于…”，so修饰形容词或副词。
拓展：从句若是否定句，可与“too…to…”结构互换
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快以至于我追不上他。
We were so tired that we couldn’t move anymore. ＝We were too tired to move anymore.
我们累得不能再走了。
such…that… “如此…以至于…”，such修饰名词
拓展：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that从句=“so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that从句
She was such a clever girl that she could work out the maths problem easily.
＝She was so clever a girl that she could work out the maths problem easily.
她是如此聪明的一个女孩以至于她能轻易解出那道数学题。
(4)条件状语从句
1. if “如果”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
If my boss has time tomorrow，she will attend the meeting. 如果我老板明天有时间，她将会参加会议。
unless “如果不； 除非”，引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
拓展：unless可以转化为“if not…”
You will not pass the exam unless you work hard. 如果你不努力学习，就不能通过考试。
as long as “只要”，as long as引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
As long as you study hard, you’ll realize your dream. 只要你努力学习，你就会实现梦想。
(5)原因状语从句
1. because “因为”，回答why引导的问句,但because与so不能同时用在一个句子中
I often play basketball because I want to have a good health.我经常打篮球，因为我想要身体健康。
2. since “既然”，语气比because弱，表示的原因是对方已知的
Since everyone is here，let’s begin. 既然大家都在这里，让我们开始吧。
as “由于； 因为”，语气比since弱，表示的原因是对方已知的
I didn’t go to bed as I watched the movie.由于看电影，我没有睡觉。
（6）让步状语从句
1. although/though/even though/if “虽然/尽管”，不能与but连用
Though pollution is heavy now，I don’t think it’s hopeless.
尽管现在污染很严重，但是我认为它不是没有希望的。
（三）时态
主句和从句的时态一致问题一般分三种情况
(1)“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。常见连词有：
表示时间的when、while、after、before、until、till、whenever、as soon as、as long as、once等；表示条件的if、unless、so long as、in case等。
(2)“主祈从现”：若主句是祈使句，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Be careful when you use the knives.使用刀时要小心。
(3)“主情从现”：若主句有情态动词，那么从句用一般现在时表将来。
You can be a great man if you study hard.如果你努力学习，你就会成为一个伟大的人。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1. Our English teacher is handsome and patient ________ he is very strict with us.
A．if B．as
C．unless D．though
2. I won’t believe it ______ I see it with my own eyes.
A．because B．unless
C．if D．after
3．As soon as he _______ in Beijing for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games，he will call you.
A．arrives　　 B．arrive
C．will arrive　　 D．arrived
4．If she _________ Guilin，she’ll probably go to see The Elephant Trunk Hill.
A．visits　　 B．is visiting
C．will visit　　 D．has visited
5．My mother doesn’t like to throw away old things _________ they are useless.
A．but　　 B．because
C．even if　　 D．so that
6．We have worked for five years ________ we started building this bridge.
7．________ we were going out for shopping，it suddenly poured with rain.
8．I can’t understand what you meant __________ your message is written in English.
9．___________ my mother left us for several years，we didn’t throw away her old things.
10．He is going to be an scientist like Yan longping _______ he grows up.
答案：1-10 DBAAC since While because Although　when　
热门考点2 宾语从句
宾语从句引导词
(1) that陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，无词义，常省略
Now I believe (that) the truth is what you think it is.现在我相信真相就是你想象的那样。
whether/if 一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用whether/if引导，意为“是否”。在从句中不作成分，不可省略
I asked them whether/if they would finish their homework. 我问他们是否能写完作业。
连接代词(what、who、whom、whose、which等)在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，不能省略
Could you tell me which movie we will watch？你能告诉我们将看哪部影片吗？
连接副词(when、where、why、how等)在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略
I will tell you why I am angry with my mom.我会告诉你我为什么生我妈的气。
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句一律用陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。
I wonder where she is from.我想知道她来自哪里。
宾语从句的时态
如果主句是现在的某种时态，从句可根据需要选择相应的时态。
I think she is a top student.我认为她是个尖子生。
I think you did homework yesterday.我认为你昨天做作业了。
I think she will achieve her dream one day. 我认为她有一天会实现她的梦想。
I think he is playing soccernow. 我认为他现在正在踢足球。
I think I have seen her before.我觉得我以前见过她。
(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态，从句只能选择过去的某一种时态
She said she was a top student.她说她是个尖子生。
She said she was watching TV at 8 last night.她说她昨晚八点在看电视。
She said she would visit me the next week.她说她下周会来看望我。
She said she had seen me before.她说她以前见过我。
(3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理等，都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
The teacher often says light travels faster than sound.老师经常说光传播得比声音快。
4．引导词只能用whether，不能用if的情况
(1)引导介词后的宾语从句时
I’m interested in whether she likes Chinese. 我感兴趣的是她是否喜欢语文。
与or not连用时
Let me know whether he has finished homework or not.让我知道他是否已经写完作业了。
与不定式连用时
I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.我真的不知道要接受还是拒绝。
宾语从句置于句首时
Whether they will join in the club，I don’t care.我不在乎他们是否会来参加这个俱乐部。
5．宾语从句中的否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是think、guess、believe等动词，且接含有否定意义的that宾语从句时，常将否定词转移到主句中。
I don’t think that Gu Ailing is an American.我认为谷爱凌不是美国人。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．—Do you know _________
—Yes. On May 15th，2021.
A．why Tianwen 1 was sent into space B．when Tianwen 1 landed on the red planet
C．what Tianwen 1 was named after D．how long Tianwen 1 has worked there
2．—Could you tell me _________
—Yes. The famous scientist Yuan Longping.
A．who do you admire　 B．who you admire
C．what programs do you like D．what programs you like　
3．—Sandy，could you tell me _________ the beautiful T-shirt
—Oh，I bought it from the Internet.
A．where you will buy　 B．where will you buy
C．where did you buy D．where you bought
4．—Mary，I’m going to a have a dating with my boyfriend tonight. Could you please tell me _________
—With pleasure.
A．if the skirt looked nice on me B．what should I pay attention to
C．that I should take some flowers D．how I can order “Didi”online
5．—Do you know _________ we will go to the Mount Tai this Saturday
—Yes，we’ll take a bus there.
A．when　　 B．where　　 C．how　 D．why
6．—Could you tell me _________ do you go to the cinema
—Once a week.
A．how soon　　 B．how often C．how far　　 D．how much
7．—I’m not sure _________ my advice is helpful to your health.
—It certainly is. Thank you very much.
A．why B．how 　 C．whether D．where
8．—Could you tell me _________I can start a conversation with a new classmate
—Talking about your hobby is a good choice.
A．how B．why 　 C．where D．when
9．Tomorrow is National Day，and let’s discuss _______ we can do to celebrate it.
10．Whether you can realize your dream depends on ______ hard you study.
11．I wonder ______ she is often sleepy in class.
12．Lily asked Tack ________ he went after he graduated form university.
答案：BBDDCBCA　what　how　why　where　
三、热门考点3 定语从句
1．基本结构： 先行词＋关系词＋定语从句
(1)被定语从句修饰的词或代词叫先行词。
(2)关系词不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当一定成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词
2．关系代词的用法（中考）
先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 that/who that/who/whom/省略 whose
指物 that/which that/which/省略 whose
The young lady who/that we met yesterday is our English teacher.（lady在从句中作宾语）
我们昨天遇见的那位年轻女士是我们的英语老师。
I like the teacher whose classes are very nice and patient. （teacher在从句中作定语）
我喜欢课堂非常有趣且有耐心的老师。
The train which/that has just left is for Nanning. （train在从句中作主语）
刚开走的火车是驶往南宁的。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．My dad told us a funny story _______ made me laugh.
A．when　 B．which　 C．who　 D．whom
2．The girl _________ is riding a bike is my sister.
A．whom　　 B．which　　 C．who　　 D．whose
3．—Do you know the girl _______ got the first prize in 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
—Of course. She’s Gu Ailing.
A．whose　　 B．whom　　 C．which　　 D．who
4．—Hey，Jack. Would you like to see The Battle At Lake Changjin Ⅱ
—You mean，the new war story ____ was filmed by Xu Ke
A．who　　 B．what　　 C．whose　　 D．which　
答案：B　C　D　D
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