2022年中考英语考点:状语从句
一、时态说明
在时间和条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态:
Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来就告诉他。(不能用will arrive)
I won’t go if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨,我就不去。(不能用will rain)
有时也可见到 if you will 这样的说法,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此时的 will是情态动词):
If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 请等一下,我就去拿钱。
二、2022年中考英语常见考点:结果状语从句
结果状语从句是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,结果状语从句常由so that或 suchthat引导。要掌握这两个句型,我们首先来了解一下so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。
1、such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词 组,such(+a/an)(+形容 词)+名词+that;例如:
su ch a good book, such nice girls
2、so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词,so+形容词/副词+that。例如:
so nice, so slow ly
一般情况下,such+a+形容词+名=so+形容词+aan+名 例如:
so nice a flower = such a nice flower
表达如此多/少时,常用so ,so与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。例如:so many people
so that和 suchthat都可译成如此的以至于,二者可以互换,(当s o修饰副词的时候,二者 往往不互换 ) 例句:
The boy is so young that he cant go to school.
He is such a young boy that he cant go to school
常见考法
对于结果状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
解析:题干的意思是他的计划如此好以至于我们都同意接受它,that与前面的such呼应, 引导结果状语从句。
答案:A
误区提醒
结果状语从句中。除了要注意so that和 suchthat的区别外,还要注意它们和too...to do(太 而不能)和enough +形容词/副词+ to do(足够的可以)的转换。
典型例题:Ann is too young to g o to school.(同义句转换)
Ann is go to school.
解析:原句的意思是安太小了而不能去上学。那也就是说安是如此的小,以至于她不能去上学,根据所给出的空数,可以用so that句型.
答案:so young that she cant
三、2022年中考英语常见考点:目的状语从句
顾名思义,用来说 明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。 表示目的状语的从句可以由 that(以便),so that(以便), in order that(为了;以便),Lest(免得;唯恐), for fear that(生怕;以免)等词引导;目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
例如:You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better tak e more clothes in case the weather is cold.
学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点:
(1)目的状语从句中常含有c an,could,may,might,should等情态动词。 例如:
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早,目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
(2)在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如:
Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点,因此,我们听得清楚一点。
1、in order that与in order to的区别:
in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形 ( in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句,叫目的状语) 例如:
He got up early in order to take the first bus.
= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.(他起床很早是为了赶上第一班 公共汽车)
目的状语从句的一个特点:由于目的都是未来的行为,所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态,比如上面句中的could。当然还可以用will,would,can,等 。
2、so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可以引导结果状语从句。
1)其引导结果状语从句时,so that翻译为以至于...,经常可以和so/such...that...转换,且从句只能放在主句之后。如:He got up late so that he was l ate for school. = He go t up so late that he was late for school.
2)其引导目的状语从句时,从句只能放在主句之后,此时可以和in order that换用。如:He got up earl y so tha t he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.
常见考法
对于目的状语从句的考查,多以单选和完 形填空的形式,从 连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she neede d.
A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though
解析:题干的意思是为了能够发现自己需要的东西,安认真听讲。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语,because 表示原因,even though是尽管的意思,不符合题意。
答案:B
误区提醒
如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法,这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的,结果状语从句是分开的,即sothat. so that是目的状语从句,是为了什么什么,有目的的含义。而sothat是结果状语从句,是如此怎么怎么样结果是什么。仔细体会一下吧!
典型例题:I get up so early I can not be late
A. that B . so that C.such that D.in order
解析:题干的意思是我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到。从句表示目的,首先排除C,因为such that本身是错误短语,在排除in order,因为它后面不能跟句子;因为句子中有so,所以大家可能选A,如果选它,那句子的意思是我起床如此早结果我可以不迟到,显然说不通,所以排除。
答案: B
四、2022年中考英语常见考点:让步状语从句
1.让步状语从句
所谓让步,就是我们日常生活中退一步说的意思,有一种转折关系在里面。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although,while, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,一般翻译为尽管或即使,无论。用法如下:
1、though, although表示虽然,纵然之意。这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或neve r,the less连用,但不能与but连用。例如:
Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导 的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
2、as,though表示虽然但是,纵使之意。as引导的让步状语 从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。例如:
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little prog res s.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
3、 even if, even though 表示即使,纵使之意,含有一种 假设。 这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事 。例如:
Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
4、whether...or...表示不论是否,不管是还是之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的 可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如:
Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼 。
5、no matter+疑 问词或疑问词-ever的含义为都不管都它们引导的让步状语 从句可以互换。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
但no matter+疑问词结构只能引导让步状语从句,而疑问词-ever还可以引导名词性从句。例如:Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
2.比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般是指含有比较级的句子中由as或than引起的从句。从某种角度上说,它也是一种方式状语从句,例如:
He moves more slowly than his sister do es. 他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
He works as hard as his brother(does). 他学习和他哥哥一样努力。
常见考法
对于让步和比较状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题: it is very late now, the workers are still working in the factory.
A Although B As C When D If
解析:本题考查让步状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意尽管现在很晚了,工人们 仍然在工厂工作,前后有转折关系,是让步状语从句。
误区提醒
用though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时,句中不能用but表示转折语气。例如:
不能说:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
而要说:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.
或者说:He looks weak, but he is healthy.
典型例题:Though it rained heavily yesterday, he got to school on time.
A but B / C and
解析:题干的意思是尽管昨天下大雨了,他还是按时到达了学校,前后是转折关系,有同学可能会选A,但hough/although和but不能同时使用,所以选B。
答案:B
五、2022中考英语常见考点:时间状语从句
在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as,after,before,since,until等词引导。
1.、时间状语从句种类
1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
2、Wh ile引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时 发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
3、As表示一边一边,as引导的动 作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示一边一边) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一 前一后发生。
例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
After yo u think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中 的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。 例如:
I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
6、由since引导的时间状语从句表示自从以来。
I have been in Beijing sinc e you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
7、由as soon as引导的时间状语从句表示一就。例如:
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
2.、时态问题
在状语从句中,有主将从现的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句:I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京 就将给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是 一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive)
常见考法
对于时间状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词,或从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力。
典型例题:Im sure he will jump up when he the good news.
A . know B will know C. knows Dknowing
解析:本题考查学生时间状语从句的时态问题。时间状语从句中,主句若是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时表示将来时。从句的主语是单三人称,所以排除 A 。
答案:C
误区提醒
When既可以引导时间状语从句,也可以引导宾语从句,辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常 容易出错的地方。
典型例题: I dont know when he next week. when he , please let me know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. will come, co mes D. comes, will come
解析:第一句话我不知道他下周什么时候来,when引导宾语从句 ,表示将来时,就用一般将来时will come;第二句话当他来的时候,请让我知道,when引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来时,所以用 comes。
答案: C
六、2022中考英语常见考点:条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有:if(如果)、unless(除非)或 as long as(只要)等。unless在意思上等于if...not。
一、条件状语从句用法
1、引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:
If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。
另外,if从 句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设,从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如: If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀 请他参加聚会。
2、unless = if...not. 除非,若不,除非在的时候
例如:Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
=If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.
Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。
3、so/as long as只要
例句;You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清 洁,你就可以把我的书借去。
So long as youre happy, it doe snt matter what you do. 只要你高兴,你做什么都没有关系。
二、时态问题
在条件状语从句中,要注意主将从现的规定,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。例句: I will come to see you if I have time. 我有时间,我就来看你。
常见考法
对于条件状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从时态的角度设题,考查学生灵活运用的能力,或从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:If he ___in half an hour,we ___wait for him.
A. wont come ,wont B.wont come ,dont
C.doesnt come ,wont D.will come ,dont
解析:本题考查条件状语从句主将从现的运用。题干的意思是如果他一小时后不来,我们将不会等他了,从in half an hour,一小时后可知本句说的是未来的事,那么if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来时,主句要用一般将来时。
答案:C
误区提醒
if 既可以引导条件状语从 句,表示如果,也 可以引导宾语从句,表达是否。辨别它在这两种从句中的时态是我们经常容易出错的地方。另外,if 和unless的用法也需注意。
典型例题: ----I wonder if you r wife to the party.
----If your wife _________, s o will mine。.
A. will go, go B. will go, goes
C.goes, will go D. will go, will go
解析:第一句中if表示是否,引导宾语从句,用将来时 will go;第二句如果你的妻子去,我的妻子也去,if引导条件状语从 句,用一般现在时表示将来时。 your wife,单三人称主语,所以用goes 。
答案:B
七、2022中考英语常见考点:原因状语从句
是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句,在初中阶段引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要的有because, as, since,for等。例如:
1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
2. Since everybody is h ere, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.
3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.
4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
原因状语从句应注意的问题
1、because , since , as , for,辨析
1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I did nt go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例:
He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.
3) as和for的区别:通常情况下,as引导的从句在主句前,for引导的从句在主句后。例: As the weather is cold, I stay at home.(同义句) I stay at home, for the weather is cold.
2、because习惯上不与so连用
汉语习惯上说因为所以,但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用:
正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误:Because it was raining, so we stayed at h ome. 因为下雨,所以我们呆在家里。
3、because 从句与 because of短语的转换
Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后加的原因可以为好或坏 ,但最正规的还是because。
He cant come because he is ill. / He cant come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wifes being th ere. 因为他妻子在那儿,我对此事只字未提。
常见考法
对于原因状语从句的考查,多以单选和完形填空的形式,从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。
典型例题:He fou nd it increasin gly difficult to read, ____ hi s eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
解析: his eyesight was beginning to fail是he found it increasingly difficult to read的原因, 因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。
答案: B
误区提醒
除了because , since , as , for这四个词的辨析外,对于because 从句与 because of短语的区分也是难点之一。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换,because of后跟的是短 语 ,because后跟的是句子。
典型例题:He didnt go to work the heav y rain.
A .because B.because of C.so D.since
解析:题干的意思是 由于那场大雨,他没有去上班 ,the heavy rain.表示原因,排除C; since 和 because 表示原因,后面跟的是从句,也就是说必须是一个完整的句子,本题中the heavy rain没有主语和谓语,.只是一个短语,所以排除A和C;because of表示由于,后跟名词、代词或短语。
答案:B
习题及答案
1.Peter likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast.
A. until B. while C. because D. though
【解析】选B
2.Many students didn't realize the importance of study_____they left school.
A.when B.until C.as D.after
【解析】选B
3.I won't be able to understand what you say,_______you speak too quickly.
A.if B.though C.because
【解析】选C
4.You have to leave now________you can catch the early bus.
.A.so that B.as soon as C.because D.if
【解析】选A
5.You should go over your test paper _____ you hand it in .
A.before B. though C. because D. as soon as
6. My uncle has been taught in this school _______ he was twenty years old.
A. since B. for C. until D. after
【解析】选A。考查since引导的时间状语从句。结合题意"我的叔叔自从二十岁以来就一直在这所学校教书"可排除B、C、D三项,选A。
7.______ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless
【解析】选A。考查though引导的让步状语从句。结合题意"尽管他们不可能成功,但是他们将尽全力"可排除B、C、D三项,故正确答案为A。
8._______ Harry is only 10 years old, ________ he knows more about science than his brother.
A. Though;/ B. Though;but C. Though;because
【解析】选