2022年人教版九年级中考英语语法-简单句型总结

2022年人教版九年级中考英语语法
简单句型总结
句型一 主语+系动词+表语
[讲解] (1) 系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。
例如：
I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.
我是高中生，他是初中生。
After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.
四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。
The story sounds interesting and instructive.
这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。
(2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：
In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)
In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)
Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)
The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)
You’ve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)
Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)
The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语）
(3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。)
例如：After two-day’s treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt)
He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用 is remained)
比较以下句子：
The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.
(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)
We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.
(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)
Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.
(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)
[练习] 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空，注意动词的适当形式。
(1) I __________(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has __________(turn / become) engineer.
(2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It __________ (go / get / turn / become) bad easily.
(3) What he said __________(sound / look / smell / taste) reasonable.
(4) He feels __________(comfortable / comfortably) working in the air-conditioned office.
(5) We do morning exercises to __________(keep / turn / become) healthy.
(6) The apple __________(tastes / is tasted) sweet.
(7) Please keep __________(安静); The baby has fallen __________(睡着).
(8) They work day and night to make their dream come __________(实现).
Key:
(1) — (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; comfortable
(5) — (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; true
句型二 主语+不及物动词
[讲解] (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。
(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。
(3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：
The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词)
The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)
The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.
(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。
[练习] 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性，是及物动词还是不及物动词。
(1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( )
(2) Besides Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. ( )
(3) His father used to work hard to make much money. ( )
(4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( )
(5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( )
2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。
(1) I don’t agree _____ you completely. I have my own opinion.
(2) The dictionary is not Tom’s. It belongs _____ me.
(3) Use your head, and you will think _____ some ways to solve the problem.
(4) To improve my English, I work hard _____ it.
(5) Look _____ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain.
Key：
1. 不及物动词：(1)、(3)、(4)； 及物动词：(2)、(5)。
2. (1) — (5) with, to, up, at, at
句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语
[练习] 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。
如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.
(1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.
(3) We missed going to college for that reason.
(4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
[讲解] （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）
The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）
（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。
The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.
The singer sang another song for us.
[练习] 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。
(1) Mother bought a birthday cake ______me.
(2) Give another apple______her. She likes it.
(3) The company will provide some drinks ______ the volunteers.
Key：
句型三
(1) I wrote a passage last night.
(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.
(3) We missed going to college for that reason.
(4) What he said touched me greatly.
句型四
(1) — (3) for; to; for