状语从句
1．状语从句是每年高考单项填空、短文改错部分必考的题目之一，未来的高考也不会例外。试题结构将越来越复杂，设问的角度将越来越多样化。
2．由普通连接词引导的状语从句在过去考查较多，但近几年命题人把目光集中在状语从句中容易混淆的引导词上，这就增加了考生做题的难度，而且这种易混引导词的考查仍是未来命题的热点。
3．时间状语从句、条件状语从句、主句与从句的时态也是状语从句中考查的重点，尤其在短文改错中考查得更多。
4．状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较、状语从句与定语从句的引导词的辨析也是近几年常涉及的考查点，如：as引导状语从句表原因与with引导短语作状语表原因的区别；where引导状语从句与引导定语从句的区别等。
5．whatever，whenever，wherever等一类引导词与no matter what，no matter when，no matter where等一类引导词的不同用法也是状语从句中考查的重点。
状语从句是高考考查热点之一，有逐年增长的趋势。其中，高考对时间状语、原因状语、地点状语、让步状语等的考查是重中之重。因此，考生应对状语从句的学习与掌握引起足够的重视。
一、时间状语从句
1．运用时间状语从句要注意的几个问题
(1)时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时间，用现在完成时表示将来完成时间。
(2)no sooner...than，hardly...when引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
2．引导时间状语从句的常见连词有
(1)when，while，as
when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，可以指段时间或点时间；while，as表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”，通常指段时间。
Jack stayed with us when/while he was in Beijing.
When you finish doing this drill，you may go on to the next one.
when用做并列连词时，意为“正在此时(突然)”；while用做转折连词时，表对比，意为“而”。
2．引导时间状语从句的常见连词有
(1)when，while，as
when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，可以指段时间或点时间；while，as表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”，通常指段时间。
Jack stayed with us when/while he was in Beijing.
When you finish doing this drill，you may go on to the next one.
when用做并列连词时，意为“正在此时(突然)”；while用做转折连词时，表对比，意为“而”。
(3)since，before
since引导的时间从句中的动词大多用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；如果主句是表示时间的it作主语，则多用一般现在时(也可以用现在完成时)。
How have you been since I saw you last time?
自从我上次见到你以后，你一向还好吗？
It is (has been) just a month since he arrived here.
他来这里已经有一个月了。
含before引导的状语从句，如果从句的谓语为一般过去时，那么主句谓语可用过去完成时，有时也用一般过去时。
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.
我们刚离开学校时，天就下雨了。
(4)till，until
till，until两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直到某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。
①until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me，I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
②Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
二、地点状语从句
Where there is a will，there is a way.
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
三、条件状语从句
条件状语从句中须用一般现在时表示将来时间，用现在完成时表示将来完成时间等。连接词主要有if (如果)，unless (除非，如果不)，as/so long as (只要)，on condition that，in case。
If it rains tomorrow，we won’t go hiking.
Unless you study harder，you’re going to fail the exam.
if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句的用法请参看虚拟语气详述。(unless＝if not)
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
(＝If you are not too tired，let’s go out for a walk.)
四、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连接词通常有because (因为)，as (由于)，now that (既然；由于)等。
You must tell the truth since you know the fact.
She couldn’t get up because her legs were wounded.
五、目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等词引导，lest表示“免得，以防，以免”。从句中一般用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should＋动词原形”或省略should。
You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
He wrote the name down for fear that (lest) he should forget it.
六、结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由such that，so that，so...that或such...that等引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so和such与其后的词的搭配规律。
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so many people such a lot of people
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
(＝He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.)
这孩子太小了，他还不能上学。
七、让步状语从句
1．当有though，although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。
Although it’s raining，they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old，but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
We’ll try our best to finish the work in time though we are short of materials.尽管我们材料紧缺，我们还是要尽力及时完成任务。
2．as，though引导的让步从句表语或状语必须提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
Child as/though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.(＝Though he was a small child，he knew what was the right thing to do.)尽管他是一个孩子，但是他知道什么是要做得正确的事情。
注意：①句首作表语的名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后，如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.(＝Though he tries hard，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.)虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽如人意。
Wait as you may，he will not see you.
即便你能等，他也不会见你。
3．ever if，even though即使
4．whether...or不管……都
Whether you believe it or not，it is true.
不管你信不信，这是真的。
5．“no matter＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋后缀ever”，no matter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
no matter what (＝whatever)；no matter when (＝whenever)
八、方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as，(just) as...so...，as if/though (好像，如同)，as引导。
1．as，(just) as...so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as...so...结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”“就像”，多用于正式文体。
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
Just as we sweep our rooms，so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2．as if，as though两者的意义和用法相同，引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。意思为“仿佛……似的”“好像……似的”。
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，用虚拟语气)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气)
注意：as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
1．引导状语从句的连词的相互混用
有些引导状语从句的连词其意义非常接近，但其用法不能完全等同，如when，while，as，until，before，unless，though，although等，这部分连词的用法是考生掌握的重点，也是考生做题时极易混淆的地方。掌握其用法区别关键在于仔细辨析其细微差别，分析其固定句型的用法。如：在“be about to do...when”结构中，只能用when而不能用其他两个连词while，as。在表示“在……之前”的否定结构中只能用until而不能用before。在表示“虽然……，尽管……”的倒装结构，只能用though而不能用although。
2．辨不清状语从句与其他从句
很多考生在做题时，由于对状语从句和其他从句分辨不清，导致选择上和组句上的失误。这类错误尤其表现在地点状语从句where与定语从句中where或which的用法上；no matter what/where/when/how与whatever/wherever/whenever/however等引导的状语从句与其他从句的区别上。如：whatever之类的词既可引导主语从句、宾语从句又可引导状语从句，而no matter what之类的词只可引导状语从句。在引导状语从句时，这两类词可以互换。很多考生由于分辨不清从句的性质而把这两类词混用。
3．受汉语影响，导致连词的误用
英语中有很多词往往不像汉语那样能够成对或重复出现，如：repeat不与again连用，enter不与into连用，return不与back连用等。状语从句中的连词也不例外，在连接句子时，两个连词也不能成对同时出现，如：although与but，because与so等，使用时只能取其中的一个。连词中这样的成对词并不多，只要考生在运用时，摆脱思维定势及汉语的干扰和影响，就能避免此类错误的发生。
4．不能正确运用状语从句的省略
状语从句中的省略通常是在从句的主语和主句的主语一致的情况下，把从句的主语和一部分谓语或全部省略。这类省略结构的命题焦点常常集中在省略后的状语从句其谓语动词的适当形式上。
Generally speaking，________，according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
A．when taking B．when taken
C．when to take D．when to be taken
判断该题省略后的状语从句的谓语动词形式，应从主句的主语与其逻辑关系上进行。因为the drug与take之间存在着动宾关系，故应用taken。该句完整的结构为“when the drug is taken”，故答案选B。考生若想正确运用此类结构，首先应牢记状语从句的省略规则，然后分清并不是所有的状语从句都可用省略形式，如：As he crossed the street he watched out.此句不能省略为As crossing the street...最后还应理清省略后的谓语动词与主句的主语之间的逻辑关系。掌握了这三点，考生对状语从句的省略就能一目了然，正确使用。
5．部分状语从句中时态的错误
在when，as soon as引导的时间状语从句及if，unless引导的条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时的含义；用一般过去时表示过去将来时的含义。很多考生往往忽略这种时态规定，看到表将来的时间状语，就用将来时，如：If it________(be) fine tomorrow，we’ll go out for a picnic，很多考生看到tomorrow，就错误地使用will be，其实，此处的正确答案应为is。
对此类状语从句，有的考生虽掌握了其时态规则，但不能灵活运用。有时条件状语从句中可用will或would，这时will和would不表时态而表示人的意愿。
If you will tell me，I’ll keep it a secret.
如果你愿意告诉我，我会为你保密的。
因此，要避免状语从句中时态的混用和错用，考生首先应牢记状语从句的时态规定，分清哪些状语从句中应用哪些时态。其次，针对不同语境下的状语从句应考虑其实际含义，灵活应用其谓语动词的适当形式或时态，这其中还包括条件状语从句中虚拟语气的正确使用。
6．分辨不清比较状语从句中的结构
比较状语从句是容易被忽略的从句，有的考生在平时复习时往往不注意对其结构的比较和理解，从而造成选择或运用时出现失误。如：同级比较中用as...as，不同级比较用not so/as...as，很多同学把不同级比较的结构误认为只用not so...as，还有的把同级和不同级比较结构相混淆，出现so...as的错误表达，又如倍数关系的比较状语从句分三种：(1)倍数as＋adj./adv.＋ as；(2)倍数＋比较级＋than；(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of。很多考生对这三种结构分辨不清在答题时出现误选，或运用时出现错误。要想正确使用比较状语从句，考生需分辨其不同结构形式，理解其含义，比较它们之间的用法差异。
7．混用状语从句中的连词与介词短语中的介词
某些情况下考生辨不清是从句还是短语，尤其是as表示“随着，由于”引导的状语从句和with表示“随着，由于”组成的介词短语作状语的区别，导致答题失误。
________production up by 60%，the company has had another excellent year.
A．As B．For
C．With D．Through
该题很多考生误选A。造成此类错误的原因是考生答题时只考虑其汉语意思，而没有分析其句子结构。该题正确答案应为with，“介词＋名词＋副词”作补语构成with结构，在句中作状语。句意为“由于生产提高了60%，若用as此处应加谓语动词构成“As production has risen by 60%.”作状语从句。避免此类题错误的关键在于掌握一些词的用法，分清句子与短语的区别。如：as一词既可作介词意为“作为”，又可作连词意为“当……时候，由于因为，和……一样”等等，而with一词只有介词词性。
状语从句
时间状语从句 相关连词有： when __________; as ___________; while _________ after /before___________ since _____________; till/until _________ once ________ hardly…when/ no sooner…than _________ the moment __________ the first time _______ immediately/directly/instantly
例1．---- Excuse me. Did you notice whether the No. 06 bus had gone by?
---- Not ______ I have been standing here.
A. as B. since C. while D. when
I had walked a few steps _____ I realized that I was lost in the thick fog
A. after B. before C. unless D. until
例3． She was such proud person that she would die ______ she would admit she was wrong.
A. before B. after C. until D. rather than
例4. ----How long do you suppose it is ______ arrived here? ----- Less than an hour.
A. that he B. that he has C. since he D. since he has
例5. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ______ it comes to classroom tests.
A. when B. since C. before D. after
例6．Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office．
A. since B. that C. when D. until例7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
例8．Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less _____ they grow older.
A. while B. as C. when D. after
例9．____unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until
例10．Yao Ming set up his My Space Page _____ he could respond to his fan.
A. when B. what C. that D. where
例11．After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
例12．---- I don’t think Jack can sing well ---- But ______ you are shy, he his courageous.
A. where B. what C. though D. if
注意： _____________状语从句，其连词有：___________ 和___________.
2. 原因状语 相关连词有 because ___________before________ , since __________; as _________; for ____; now that ________.considering_______特别关注： when _____________.
例13. ---We have decided to take part in the dinner party at school tomorrow, and what about you?
---- Well, _____ you are going, so will I.
A. if B. as long as C. when D. since
例14. We must take measures to protect endangered wildlife _____ it is too late.
A. now that B. as long as C. unless D. before
例15. A man cannot smile like a child, _____ a child smiles with his eyes while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
例16. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
例17. How did you get there on time _____ you left here so late?
A. when B. while C. even if D. as if
例18．Why do you consider looking for another job ______ you have had a well-paid one?
A. when B. while C. even if D. as if
例19. It was foolish of you to take a taxi ______ you could easily walk there in five minutes.
A. before B. when C. till D. so that
例20.How can you expect to learn anything you never listen？?
A. in case B. even if? C. unless D. when
例21. How can you expect him to make any progress ____ you never give him a chance to have a try?
A. when B. unless C. even though D. until
例22：The cartoon “ Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf” appeals so much to children _____ it caters well to their taste.
A. that B, which C. because D. while
3. 让步状语 相关连词： although; even though; even if; whether …or ….. ________; as__________; 特别关注while _________; no matter+ wh-
例23．_____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.
A. As B. Once C. If D. Although
例24．_____ the Internet is bridging between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.
A. When B. While C. If D. As
例25. Taking to a friend over the phone, you feel that you are close to each other, _____ the actual distance is not short.
A. as if B. even if C. so that D. as long as
例26. ______ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.
A. Whatever B. Whichever C. Whenever D. However
例27. ---- How can I come by the money needed for the project?
----- ______ it from friends or raising a loan from a bank, ______ you may choose.
A. Borrow; whatever B. By borrowing; no matter what
C. To borrow; whichever D. By borrowing; no matter which
例28. ______he is, he seldom shows his precious coins to others.
A. Coin- collector as B. Coin- collector although C A coin- collector as D. A coin- collector
例29. _____ I admit that there are problems; I don’t think that they cannot be solved.
A. Unless B. Until C. As D. While
例30.______ it is true that a student’s most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesn’t need to be the only goal.
A. When?????????? B. As??????????????? C. While??????????? D. Before
例31 —Johnson, would you like to marry Ann and love her all your life, ___ she is young or old, or poor or rich? —Yes, I do.
A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however
例32. -----Do you think I will look better if I choose the red dress?
---- Come on! I have said you will be charming, ______ you dress!
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whichever
4条件状语；相关连词有：so long as _____; if ; as long as; on condition that ______; in case that_____; for fear that ______; unless; supposing/ providing/provided/ _______；unless _________
例33. I was advised to arrange for insurance _____ I needed medical treatment.
A. although B. in case C. so that D. if only
例34. He whispered to his wife ______ he might wake up the sleeping baby.
A. so that B. as long as C. in case D. for fear that
例35. We must prepare ourselves for the worse ______ we are at a loss when meeting with difficulties.
A. before B. after C. since D. until
例36. You will improve your studies ______ you work harder.
A. only if B. even if C. as if D. what if
例37. ---You won’t go to her birthday ,will you? ---- Yes. _______ invited to.
A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. As if
例38. ---- I will go to the post office this afternoon.--- ___you are there, please buy me some stamps.
A. If B. While C. Unless D. Now that
例39---What are you going to do this afternoon?--I will probably go for a walk it stays fine.
A. unless B. so long as C. even if D. as if
5. 结果状语和目的状语，相关连词有so that; in order that; for fear that; in case of/ in case that / in case ; so ……that; such…… that; before _________等。
例40．I don’t think it is going to rain but I will take an umbrella ________.
A. in case B. at last C. once again D. in time
例41．I was in deep thought, _____ I didn’t hear the phone.
A. as a result B. as a result of C. with the result of D. with the result that
例42. Everybody lent a hand, ______ the work was finished ahead of time.
A. so that B. in order that C. now that D. in that
例43. I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result? C. in case D. so that
例44. You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ____you have to wait.?
A. even if B. as if? C. in case D. in order that
例45. He shut the window with such force ________ the glass broke．
A．which B．that C．as D．when
练习二十一 状语从句(2 综合)
1. ____ he took part in the competition, he won a second prize.
A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time
2. I would appreciate it _______ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A. until B. if C. when D. that
3. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _____ I heard the voices.
A. as B. after C. while D. when
4. The class went on with the story _____ they had left it before the holiday.
A. where B. which C. in which D. when
5. The company has a free long-distance telephone number _____ customers can call with any questions they have about its products.
A. although B. as C. even if D. so that
6. --- Is Mr. Smith in the office?--- Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.
A. since B. however C. whether D. for
7. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ____ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
8. --- Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
--- Oh, yes. ____ others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. When C. Where D. Though
9. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________ he phones.
A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that
11. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they can’t walk _______ they like these days.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
12. His father began to work ______ his childhood.
A. since B. before C. as early as D. while
14. --- The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.
--- I had told you it would easily break ________it was the weakest
A. when B. where C. unless D. since
15. The crowd started cheering ______ he rose to speak.
A. as B. since C. till D. where
16. I had worked here ______ you came here. But I shall leave for England ______.
A. before long, before long B. before long; long before
C. long before, before long D. long before; long before
17. Scientists say it may be five or ten years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. before C. after D. when
19. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
21. I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________ I left London.
A. as B. before C. since D. till
24. They went on working ________ it was late at night.
A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though
25. ________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time
30. Why do you want to find a new job ________ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
31. He got excited at the news，________ I was calm.
A. when B. while C. because D. after
32. --- Shall Brown come and play computer games?--- No，________ he has finished his homework.
A. when B. if C. unless D. once
34. ________ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.
A. Immediately B. The moment C. The while D. All the above
35. ________，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he may B. as he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try
36. --- Alice is moving to her new apartment next Saturday.
--- I would be glad to help her，________ need some help.
A. should she B. if she will C. if she D. if she might
37. I really wonder ________ he has posted me many packages ________ we worked together.
A. how；after B. why；when C. when；before D. why；since
38. I was about to leave my house ________ the phone rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. after
1．(2009年山东卷)—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?
—________it doesn’t rain.
A．Until B．While
C．Once D．If
【解析】 考查交际用语。if如果；假如。句意为：——我们明天去野餐吗？——如果天不下雨的话。
【答案】 D
2．(2009年辽宁卷)It just isn’t fair：________I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach.
A．whenever B．though
C．for D．while
【解析】 句意为：这真不公平。我上个月在做服务员，而我的朋友们却躺在海滩上(玩)。前后分句是对比关系。四个选项中只有连词while有这种用法。
【答案】 D
3．(2009年福建卷)She had just finished her homework________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when B．while
C．after D．since
【解析】 when“在……时候”；while“在……同时”，表示伴随；after“在……以后”，since“自从……”。句意为“她刚完成功课的时候，妈妈就叫她练习钢琴”。
【答案】 A
4．(2009年四川卷)The little girl who got lost decided to remain________she was and wait for her mother.
A．where B．what
C．how D．who
【解析】 remain是不及物动词，where引导地点状语从句。句意为：那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。
【答案】 A
5．(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit________the season.
A．whatever B．wherever
C．whenever D．however
【解析】 whatever在此处引导让步状语从句，其完整形式应该是whatever the season is，此句中省略了连系动词is。
【答案】 A
6．(2008年浙江卷)Don’t promise anything________you are one hundred percent sure.
A．whether B．after
C．how D．unless
【解析】 根据题意“除非你有百分之百的把握，否则不要许诺任何事情”可知选D项。unless意为“如果不，除非”；whether是否；after在……之后；how怎么，如何。
【答案】 D
7．(2008年辽宁卷)I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times________.
A．as much B．as many
C．so much D．so many
【解析】 倍数表达方式之一就是“倍数＋as...as结构”，此句中第二个as和后面的内容都省略了。补充完整应该是．..as much as that one。B项错在用了many，表示“钱多”概念应该用much；C、D两项结构错误，用了so...as...。
【答案】 A
8．You can have the magazine________ I finish reading it.
A．the moment B．in the moment
C．the moment as D．in the moment when
【解析】 the moment引导时间状语从句，当“一……就……”讲，相当于as soon as。
【答案】 A
9．Don’t worry.I’ll inform you________your daughter comes back to school.
A．when B．how
C．why D．where
【解析】 句意为“别担心，你女儿回学校的时候我会通知你的”。故答案选A。
【答案】 A
10．—Why doesn’t Mr Li come to work today?
—________he has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.
A．If B．Because
C．Though D．Until
【解析】 句意为：——为什么今天李先生没有来上班？——因为他去北京开会了。
【答案】 B
11．Nothing is so difficult in this world________you put your mind into it.
A．as soon as B．as well as
C．as long as D．as far as
【解析】 句意为“只要用心，世界上没有什么困难的事情”。
【答案】 C
12．I won’t believe that little boy can run 100 meters in 15 seconds________I see it with my own eyes.
A．until B．after
C．when D．if
【解析】 not...until意为“直到……才……”。句意为“直到亲眼看见我才相信那个小男孩能够在15秒钟内跑完100米”。
【答案】 A
13．The mountain was________steep________few people in our city reached the top.
A．so；as B．so；that
C．as；as D．too；to
【解析】 句意为“这座山如此陡峭以至于我们市几乎没有人到达过山顶”。so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，符合题意。
【答案】 B
14．Hearing this，Jane was so sad that she ran out into the rain________I could explain.
A．since B．before
C．if D．after
【解析】 句意为“听到这件事之后，我还没来得及解释，简就伤心地跑到雨中去了”。before有“在……之前，还未来得及”之意。
【答案】 B
15．________the Internet is shortening the distance between people，it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.
A．When B．While
C．If D．As
【解析】 句意为“尽管因特网正在缩短人们之间的距离，但它也可以破坏一些家庭或带来一些其他家庭问题”。
【答案】 B
16．I’d get the book for you________I could remember who last borrowed it.
A．except that B．if only
C．on condition that D．so that
【解析】 except that意为“除……之外”，if only意为“要是……就好了”，on condition that意为“条件是”，so that意为“为了”。句意为“要是能够记得谁最后借了那本书，我就帮你拿回来了”。
【答案】 B
17．—How long did the meeting last yesterday afternoon?
—It was almost supper time________the meeting was over.
A．that B．until
C．when D．which
【解析】 此题易误选A。答语意为“会议结束时差不多是吃晚饭的时间了”。这里it指的是“时间”。考生易把此题误看做强调句。
【答案】 C
18．My uncle may come to see me.Therefore，I won’t go out________he calls on me this morning.
A．so that B．in case
C．as long as D．now that
【解析】 句意为“我叔叔可能要来看我。所以我不会出去的以防他今天早上来看我”。
【答案】 B
19．________everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting ahead of schedule.
A．When B．After
C．Since D．Although
【解析】 句意为“既然大家都来了，咱们提前开会吧”。
【答案】 C
20．________he took part in the competition，he won a second prize.
A．The first time B．For the first time
C．At a time D．At one time
【解析】 一些表示时间的名词或副词具有连词的功能，用来引导时间状语从句。句意为“他第一次参加比赛就获得了二等奖”。
【答案】 A
21．—Can you describe________it happened?
—Yes，I was riding on my bike________a car knocked me down from behind.
A．when；as B．how；as
C．how；when D．how；while
【解析】 第一空用how引导宾语从句，第二空的when是并列连词，意为“就在那个时候”。句意为：——你能描述一下事情是怎样发生的吗？——可以，我正骑着车，这时候一辆小汽车从后面把我撞倒了。
【答案】 C
22．While previewing his lessons，the little boy will make a question mark ________ there is a question.
A．when B．where
C．because D．which
【解析】 where在这里引导地点状语从句。句意为“在预习课文的时候，那个小男孩会在有问题的地方打个问号”，故答案选B。
【答案】 B
23．Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but ________they have eggs or young chicks，they don’t use a nest.
A．why B．how
C．unless D．where
【解析】 句意为：大部分鸟儿发现睡在树上很安全，但是除非他们产卵或育小鸟外，否则他们是不需要用鸟巢的。此句中用but连接两个句子形成并列句。在后一句中又包含了一个条件状语从句。根据句意，它们不用鸟巢的条件是不产卵和育小鸟，unless＝if...not unless意为“除非”，故C项正确。
【答案】 C
24．________I really don’t like art，I find his work impressive.
A．As B．Since
C．If D．While
【解析】 句意为：虽然我不怎么喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品令人赞叹。while＝although虽然，尽管，用于句首。A项意为“当……时，随着，因为，照……方式”；C项意为“如果”；B项意为“自从……，既然”。因两个分句在语意上含有转折意味所以选D。
【答案】 D
25．“Jim，don’t go away.Stand________I can see you，” Mum told my little brother.
A．where B．in which
C．that D．when
【解析】 句意为：妈妈告诉小弟：“Jim，别走开，站在我能看到你的地方。”where引导地点状语从句。
【答案】 A
26．He is writing a book about new discoveries in science.I am sure，________it is printed，this book will be very popular.
A．once B．since
C．now that D．even if
【解析】 句意为：他正在写一本关于科学新发现的书。我确信，一旦出版，这本书一定会畅销。once “一旦……就……”引导时间状语从句。
【答案】 A
27．________time went on，our teacher’s words proved true.
A．As B．While
C．With D．When
【解析】 as引导时间状语从句，当“随着”讲，并且主从句的谓语动词时态是一致的。while也可引导时间状语从句，但后面往往跟进行时，而且它也不符合此处的语境。
【答案】 A
28．________I’ve got my own car，I don’t get as much exercise as I used to.
A．Even if B．Except that
C．Now that D．Now and then
【解析】 now that引导原因状语从句，当“既然”讲，相当于since。even if引导让步状语从句，“即使”之意；now and then不能用作连词，只能是副词短语作状语，意思是“不时，经常”。
【答案】 C
29．—Have you been to the Great Wall?
—Perhaps not in my memory.________，it might have been during my early childhood.
A．If any B．If so
C．If ever D．If not
【解析】 句意为：——你去过长城吗？——在我记忆里好像没有。如果曾经有的话，那也可能是在我童年时去过。if ever意为“如果曾经有的话”，起缓和语气的作用。if any意为“如果有”，起加强语气的作用，如：Correct mistakes，if any.如果有错误的话，请改正。if so/not 代替前文说过的话，如：You may need some help.If so，just call me over any time you like.你可能需要一些帮助，如果这样，随便什么时候打电话叫我都行。Does anybody need a break？If not，let’s go right on to the next item.有谁需要休息一会儿？如果没有，咱们马上进行下一项。
【答案】 C
30．It’s quite a time________Yao Ming was injured，but it won’t be long________he returns to the court.
A．since；before B．after；when
C．before；since D．that；when
【解析】 句意为：姚明受伤已经有一段时间了。但是不久他就能重返球场了。考查两个句型：It is＋一段时间＋since＋主语＋did (自从……以来)以及It won’t be ＋一段时间＋before＋主语＋do (没过多久就)。
【答案】 A
状语从句
Ⅰ.单项选择
( )1. —What time will Diana get to Chengdu?
—I’m not sure. When he ________， I’ll call you.
A. will arrive B. arrive
C. arrives D. arrived
答案：C
解析：考查从句的时态。when引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句和从句的动作都发生
在将来，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。he是单数第三人称形式，故用arrives。
( )2. Tony wanted to take some good photos, ________ he lost his camera.
A. or B. and
C. but D. so
答案：C
解析：考查转折连词辨析。or表示或者，and表示和，but表示但是，so表示所以。根
据题意，Tony想拍很多好的照片，但是他丢了相机。故选C。
( )3. They develop their skills ________ they can do things better and better.
A. however B. because
C. since D. so that
答案：D
解析：考查连词。句意：他们拓展他们的技能是为了他们能够把事情做的越来越好。后
面的从句表示目的，只有D符合题意。
( )4. —Let’s go fishing if it ________ this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it ________.
A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains
C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains
答案：A
解析：考查if的用法。第1空if引导的是条件状语从句，因此用一般现在时表示将来；
第2空if引导的是宾语从句，由时间状语this weekend可知应该用将来时。故选
A。
( )5. They will lose the game________they try their best.
A. unless B. once
C. since D. after
答案：A
解析：考查连词。句意为“如果他们不努力，比赛就会输。”unless意为“如果不”。故选A。
( )6. We didn’t start our discussion ________ everybody arrived.
A. since B. if
C. while D. until
答案：D
解析：考查句式。not...until...的用法。 not...until表示“直到……才……”，句意为“直
到每个人都到齐了我们才开始讨论。”since表示“自……以来；既然，由于”；
if表示“如果”表假设关系，while“虽然，当……时候”，均与句意不符。故
选D。
( )7. Because I got up very late this morning，________ I was late for class.
A. but B．/
C. so D. or
答案：B
解析：考查连词。前半句“因为我今天早晨起床晚了”，后半句“我上课迟到了”之间
存在因果关系，故选B。特别注意because与so不可以同时使用。
( )8. Kate was so glad________she received a Christmas gift from his grandparents away
in Thailand.
A. that B. when
C. if D. unless
答案：B
解析：考查连词及状语从句。句意：当Kate收到她远在泰国的祖父母的礼物时，她是
那么的高兴。注意：不要误认为是“so...that”引导的结果状语从句。因为后面从句
不是前面主句的结果。故选B。
( )9. The girl is ________ a nice girl ________ we all want to help her.
A. such; that B. too; to
C. so; that D. very; that
答案：A
解析：考查连词。选项D不构成词组，首先排除。too... to句型后接动词原形，本句为
从句的形式，故排除。such 后接名词性短语，so后接形容词，即such a nice girl
＝so nice a girl，故选A。
( )10. Tom rushed into the house________ his mother was cooking.
A. as B. before
C. while D. after
答案：C
解析：考查连词。从句意可以看出“rushed into the house发生在”was cooking过程中，
故选C，意为“当……时候”，引导过去进行时。
综合提能
Ⅰ.完形填空
I believe listening is a powerful (强效的) medicine .
It was Sunday. I had the last __1__to see and I got into her room. She was an old woman, sitting on the bed, trying to __2__her socks. Usually I said something like this: “How are you feeling? The nurse says your son is visiting you today. I believe you are __3__seeing him.”
She__4__me with a serious voice, “Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours.”
I was surprised and __5__. I sat down and helped her with the socks. She began to tell me that her only son lived not far from her, __6__ she had not seen him for five years . She believed her health problems were worse because of __7__her son. After hearing her story and helping her put on her socks, I asked if there was __8__ I could do for her. She __9__ her head and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to __10__.
Each story is __11__. Some are clear; others are not. Some are true; others are not, yet all those things do not really __12__. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard.
Listening to someone’s story costs nothing but it is the key to healing(康复). I often __13__ what the woman taught me, and I __14__ myself of the importance of stopping, sitting down and truly listening. I __15__ the power of listening.
( )1. A. doctor B. nurse
C. patient(病人) D. student
( )2. A. take off B. get off
C. clean out D. put on
( )3. A. looking forward to B. asking for
C. going on D. worrying about
( )4. A. impressed B. stopped
C. asked D. greeted
( )5. A. excited B. mad
C. embarrassed D. angry
( )6. A. or B. so
C. but D. if
( )7. A. missing B. loving
C. understanding D. meeting
( )8. A. nothing else B. anything else
C. nothing D. everything
( )9. A. shook B. dropped
C. waved D. moved
( )10. A. see B. smell
C. listen D. feel
( )11. A. terrible B. different
C. similar D. true
( )12. A. happen B. appear
C. matter D. change
( )13. A. think of B. dream of
C. remind D. laugh at
( )14. A. teach B. ask
C. remind D. cheer
( )15. A. talk about B. show of
C. believe in D. run out of
语篇解读：我是一个医生。有一天由遇到了一个老人，她来看病，但她只是需要倾诉。从此我明白倾听不需要花费什么，但它是是一副强效药。
1. C。由下文老人称我为医生。故可知此处填入patient(病人)。
2. D。上文：我进入她的房间。判断老人要起来，故此处为put on穿上(袜子)。
3. A。下文：老人已经有5年没见到儿子了。故look forward to 意为“盼望着”符合题意。
4. B。句意：老人打断我的话。stop “阻止”符合题意。
5. C。因为话被打断，故我有点尴尬(embarrassed)。
6. C。上文：儿子住得离她不远。与下文：她们已有5年没见了。形成转折关系。故用but。
7. A。很久没见儿子，故此处用想念(missing)。
8. B。句意：我问她是否有其他事我能为她做的。anything else用于条件状语从句中意为“任何其它的事”。
9. A。她摇头(shook)表示不需要我为她做事。
10. C。全文说的是倾听(listen)。
11. B。下文：一些是……， 另一些是……。说明每个故事的different(不同的)。
12. C。与“故事”相对应的动词应是“发生(happen)”。
13. A。句意：我经常想起老人教给我的东西。think of 想起。
14. C。固定短语搭配remind...of...提醒……
15. C。与首句响应。故选believe in相信。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
People often say that the Englishman’s home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual(个体的); they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most houses have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and garden are the private(私人的) space of the individual.
People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as yours? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.
Once I was traveling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man on the opposite side to me had his briefcase on the table. There was no space on my side of the table at all. I got angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about nonverbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出) out of his head. I had invaded(侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!
If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don’t have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you_feel_lonely_and_“outside”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don’t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven’t you enjoyed being part of a group and “owning” a bit of space？(2010南京)
( )1. The writer was angry as he was traveling on a train to London because ________.
A. he had no place to sit
B. someone had invaded his “space”
C. too many people shared a section with him
D. some other people talked about things he didn’t know
( )2. “...you_feel_lonely_and_’outside’” in Paragraph 4 means that ________.
A. you are alone outside the house
B. you feel lonely because you travel on your own
C. you are alone and therefore you go outside to have some fun
D. you feel lonely and you don’t belong to that place or that group of people
( )3. In Paragraph 4, the pronoun “them” refers to (所指) “________”.
A. public B. private spaces
C. local people D. other countries
( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. British people dislike marking their space.
B. You always feel at home in another country.
C. Most British people prefer living in houses to flats.
D. You can’t mark your private space in a foreign country.
( )5. The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers to ________.
A. own private spaces by living in houses
B. have one corner of their own in public places
C. realize the important of “space” in communication
D. create their private space by talking with local people
语篇解读：本文为记叙文。作者通过一些例子告诉读者，在和他人交流时应意识到“空间”的重要性。
1. B。细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四、五句可知有人把手提包放到了大家共用的桌子上，侵犯了别人的空间。故选B。
2. D。猜测词义题。由第中段第三、四、五句可知画线部分的意思是你不属于当地或当地的人。
3. C。猜测词义题。由上一句可知此处“他们”是指当地的人。
4. C。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知大多数英国人都喜欢住在一套房子里，而不是公寓式的房子里。
5. C。归纳概括题。通读全文可知，作者旨在告诉读者，在和他人的交流中应意识到“空间”的重要性。
