2022届高考英语二轮复习： 语法—虚拟语气学案（无答案）

The Subjunctive Mood
一、语气及其种类
1.语气（mood） 语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。可分
为下列三种：
1）陈述语气（indicative mood）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。
There are two sides to every question．
2）祈使语气（imperative mood）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。Don't be late for class．
3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
虚拟语气的应用
※虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1.与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
If I had a map I would lend it to you．
If I knew her number I could ring her up．
总结结构：______________________________________
2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
If you had come earlier, you would(might) have caught the train.
If he had taken my advice he would have been a rich man ．
总结结构：______________________________________
3.表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
If he came tomorrow, we could ask him.
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
总结结构：______________________________________
注意：
1.Were I twenty now, I would join the army.
Had we made a great effort, we might have succeeded.
Should Mr. White call, what would you say
Were it not for your help，he could never go to college
构成倒装的几种结构总结：______________________________________
2.其他情况下的虚拟
If it had not been for your help，he could never have gone to college．
Without electricity human life would be quite different today.
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.
I thought you would remain there for a while after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn’t have bought you a single ticket.
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or (else) I would have known nothing about it.
He would have given you more help, but he was so busy at that time.
3.如果从句与主句的动作不是同时发生的，其谓语动词的形式分别据各自表示的时间加以调
整。如：
If it hadn’t rained, the ground wouldn’t be wet now.
If the doctor hadn’t tried their best to save you, you wouldn’t be standing here now.
※.wish+that 从句
表示现在的事实相反 I wish I were you.
表示对过去的事实相反 I wish I had been more careful in doing the experiment.
与将来事实相反 I wish he would try again.
总结结构：_____________________________________________________
类似用法________________________________________________________
注意wish与hope的区别。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，而hope后的宾语从句要用陈述语气。 I wish I could come tomorrow. I hope I can come tomorrow.
但如果不定式做宾语时，则意思上无区别。I hope to see you．（I wish to see you．）
※ would rather+从句
与现在或将来事实相反 He would rather his children didn’t make so much noise.
与过去相反 I’d rather you hadn’t done that.
总结结构：_____________________________________________________
3. I’d like to have gone to university.(= I wish I had gone to university)真希望自己上过大学。
would (should) like (love) to have done 表示______________
※.建议命令要求
在含有________（一坚持）_______,_________(二命令) _______, _________, _________ (三建议) _________,_________,_________,_________(四要求)等动词后的宾语从句及其后面的同位语从句（如：order, suggestion, advise）。That 从句中的动词谓语要用（________）+ 动词原形。如：
I insist that he (should) get rid of the bad habit.
I agree to his suggestion that the problem (should ) be solved at once.
※.表态句
(It is necessary/important/natural/strange/odd/essential, vital, etc.)之后that 从句中的动
词谓于常用（should）+动词原形。如：
It is necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder… 之后也常用虚拟语气，从句动词谓语同上。不过，有时也可用陈述语气。 如：
It is a pity that you should have missed such a chance.
It is a pity that we had to do it.
It is no wonder you were late---you ate your breakfast so slowly.
※ 时间句（It is time…）
It is time that we went/should go to bed.
It is (high/about) time….后面的谓语动词通常用过去时，有时也可用_______或者________。
※.在would you mind +if 从句中用过去时态。
Would you mind if I opened the window. 结构总结：_______________
比较：Do you mind if I smoke _________________________
※情态动词中的虚拟语气
本应该做某事而没做_________________________ 本能做某事而没做______________
本可以做某事而没做_________________________ 本不应该做某事而做了_______________
Would /should like to have done sth.___________________
虚拟语气高考真题解析
1. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we __ it without you。
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
2. —I wish I ________ the meeting。—But you didn’t。
A．attended B．would attend C．have attended D．had attended.
3. —Why didn’t you come to Mike's birthday party yesterday
—Well, I________, but I forgot it。
A.should have B.must C.should D.must have
4. I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get way。
A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan
5. I would like _______ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。
A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited
6. —Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month
—No, we _____ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。
A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought to have
7. But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
8. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
10. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
11. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
12. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. night D. should
13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
14. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
15. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
16. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
17. You ___ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence
A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come
18. “ Have you visited the Science Museum ”
“ No, but I really wish I ___.” A. had B. did C. have D. will
19. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
20. I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
1. delight vt.
He is delighting the customers with his wisdom and humour.
He delighted in the conversation.
delight n.
The kids were screaming with delight
To the delight of his proud parents, he has made a full recovery.
It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.
He took delight in chatting with friends
adj. 本身感到高兴的 令人高兴的
2. quarrel quarrel(l)ed
I always seem to be quarrelling ________my parents ________/________ a few dollars.
n. Are you trying to pick a quarrel (=deliberately start one)
3. splendid壮丽的
The staffs are doing a splendid job.____
All the rooms have splendid views. ____
4. consistent：
We need to be consistent in our approach.
The results are consistent with earlier research.
5.meet a challenge迎接 advanced technology先进技术 on schedule=on time按时间表，准时 cheerleader拉拉队员 be attracted to 被……吸引 generation代 behave well/badly举止得当/不当 behave oneself举止得体 fall behind 落后 instructions说明书 be grateful to sb.for sth.因某事感激某