2000年至2007年部分高考题:
(2000) 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out (2001)2. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered (2002)3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen (2002上海)4. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving______ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made (2002上海)5. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_____ if a mirror was broken. A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike (2002上海)6. Though______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in (2002上海)7. Don"t use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known (2002上海)8. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one"s skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed (2002春招)9. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying (2002上海春招)10. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed (2002北京)11--How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? --The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made (2002广东)12. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun (2003全国)13. ______ time, he"ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given (2003上海)14. The discovery of new evidence led to______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught (2003上海)15. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken (2003上海)16. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving (2003北京春招)17. --Why did you go back to the shop? --I left my friend______ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits (2003北京春招)18. The manager,______ his factory"s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known (2003上海春招)19. Don"t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken (2003上海春招)20. Friendship is like money: easier made than ____. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept (2003上海春招)21. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president"s attending (2003上海春招)22. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
(2004广东) 23.________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
(2004天津) 24.Don't leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
(2004浙江) 25.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
(04全国III) 26.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
(04全国II)27.When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
(04全国II) 28."We can't go out in this weather," said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked
(04全国IV) 29.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
(04全国IV) 30.Alice returned from the manager's office, ________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
(04辽宁) 31.I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
(04江苏) 32.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
(04北京)33.________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
(04福建)34.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
(04辽宁)35.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted
(04上海)36.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
(04上海) 37.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
(04上海) 38.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
(04上海)39.Having been attacked by terrorists, ________ .
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
(04全国III)40.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
(05北京卷)41. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
(05北京卷)42. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
(05北京卷)43. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
（05山东卷）44.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
(05广东卷)45. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
(05广东卷)46. He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
(05湖北卷47. The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well .
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
（05湖北卷）48．______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A．Being separated B．Having separated
C．Having been separated D．To be separated
（05湖南卷）49. _______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
(05江苏卷).50.---- Is Bob still performing?
---- I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
(05江苏卷)51. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
(05江西卷)52．________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure
C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure
(05江西卷)53．The manager, _______ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A．who has made B．having made C．made D．making
（05全国卷3）54．While watching television, __________.
A．the doorbell rang B．the doorbell rings
C．we heard the doorbell ring D．we heard the doorbell rings
（05全国卷3）55．“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away.
A．run B．running C．to run D．ran
（05全国卷1）56．The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .
A．caused B．to have caused C．to cause D．having caused
（05上海卷）57.______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
（05上海卷）58. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
（05上海卷）59. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
（05重庆卷）60. Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
（05天津卷）61. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
（05安徽卷）62, I really can't understand ______ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
（05辽宁卷）63．All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.
A．in order to have received B．in order to receive
C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving
(06 全国II) 64. We often provide our children with toys, footballs and basketballs,________ that all children like these things.
A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
(06 全国I) 65. and happy, Tony stood up and accepled and prize.
A.Surprising B.Surprised
B.Being surprised D.To be surprising
(06 北京66. There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Game.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
(06 天津) 67. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
(06广东) 68. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
(06 湖南) 69. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
(06 湖南) 70. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____.
A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using
(06 江西) 71．After he became conscious，he remembered________ and________on the head with a rod．
A．to arttack;hit B．to be attacked；to be hit
C. attacking；be hit D．having been attacked；hit
(06 江西) 72. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness________.
A．to make B．to be made C．making D．being made
(06 福建) 73. _______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit.
A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed
(06 四川) 74.The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games?_________ in Beijing in 2008. ?? ? A.hold? B.holding? C.held? D.to be held (06 四川) 75.??________ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. ??? A.Faced? B.Face? C.Facing? D.To face (06 湖北) 76. Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
(06 安徽) 77. My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
(06 江苏) 78. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ________ the same thins.
A. saying B. said C. to say D, having said
(06 陕西)79.It is difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration.
A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted
(06 陕西)80.Faced with a bill for ＄ 10,000,________.
A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given john an extra job
C.an extra job has been take D.an extra job has been given to John
(06 山东) 81 . Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
A.being given B. is given C. given D. was given
(06 山东) 82.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
(06 辽宁)83.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most were from Germany.
A.study; of whom B.study; of them
C.studying; of them D.studying; of whom
（07福建卷）84.—Come?on,?please?give?me?some?ideas?about?the?project.
—Sorry.?With?so?much?work?_____?my?mind,?I?almost?break?down.
A.?filled???? ?B.?filling???? ?C.?to?fill??? ?D.?being?filled
(07安徽85.?John?received?an?invitation?to?dinner,?and?with?his?work?______?he?gladly?accepted?it.
A.?finished???? B.?finishing???? C.?having?finished?? D.?was?finished
（07安徽卷）86.?—Robert?is?indeed?a?wise?man.
—Oh,?yes.?How?often?I?have?regretted?_____?his?advice!
A.?to?take?????B.?taking?????C.?not?to?take???D.?not?taking （07浙江卷）87.?The?children?talked?so?loudly?at?dinner?table?that?I?had?to?struggle?_______. A.?to?be?heard???? B.?to?have?heard??? C.?hearing??? D.?being?heard
(07 全国I) 88. We all know that, ______, the situation will get worse.
A. if dealt not carefully with B. if not dealt carefully with
C. not if dealt carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
(07 全国I) 89. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
(07全国II) 90. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
(07 北京) 91. ---- Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
---- Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ______ you to your room.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
(07 北京) 92. He is a student at Oxford University, _____ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
(07 上海) 93. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
(07 上海) 94. The Town Hall _____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being complted
(07 天津) 95. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
(07 重庆) 96. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
(07 江苏) 97. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures.
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
(07 江苏) 98. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
(07 江西) 99. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ______ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
(07 湖南) 100. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved
(07 湖南) 101. “Things ______ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
(07 四川) 102. Peter received a letter just now_______ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
(07 四川) 103. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
(07 陕西) 104. _______ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
(07 山东) 105. Please remain _______ until the plane has come to a complte stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
(07 山东) 106. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
参考答案:
1-5.CABAD 6-10. CDCBA 11-15. B DDCB 16-20. AAACA 21-25 DA C B B 26-30 C B A C D 31-35 DDCDB 36-40 C BA B D
41-45 DBAB A 46-50ABCA A 51-55 BBDCB 56-60DACAD
61-65 DDCAB 66-70 DAAAB 71-75 DBBDA 76-80 CB ABA
81-85 CADCA 86-90 DABAC 91-95ABACB 96-100 BADDB
101-105 ACABD 106-110 B
Advance With English
Module 9
Unit 9 Witnessing time
Grammar and usage
Brief Teaching Plan
南京师大附中江宁分校 潘浩
Teaching aims:
(1) Master the usage of participle clauses.
(2) Practice about participle clauses.
Teaching points: Participle Clauses
Teaching Methods:
1. Inductive method
2. Comparative method
3. Communicative approach
Teaching Aids:
1. A multimedia
2. A blackboard
分词短语
一、现在分词短语
1. 作定语：现在分词短语作定语，位于其修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句:
Do you know the man standing at the gate?
=Do you know the man who is standing at the gate?
The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
=The man who is talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
如果现在分词只是一个单词，位于其修饰的名词之前:
The sleeping child is only five years old.
注：现在分词(短语)作定语用时，被现在分词(短语)所修饰的名词就是该现在分词(短语)的逻辑主语。另外，现在分词(短语)作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：
The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.
高考衔接： 1）The flowers________sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004年上海卷) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 简析： 答案是B。smelling sweet in the botanic garden在句中作定语，修饰the flowers。smell在此处为系动词，意思为“闻起来发出……的味道”，不使用被动语态。 2). The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert. (2006湖南) A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 简析： 答案是A。a soft orange blanket与cover存在主谓关系，因此要用现在分词作谓语，它相当于定语从句which / that covered。而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的动作，故不能误选D。
2. 作补足语： 现在分词短语可作宾语补足语和主语补足语。此时句中的谓语动词多为表示感觉的动词、短语动词或使役动词。例如： see，hear，watch，notice，observe，find，smell，look at，listen to，have，get，set，catch，keep，leave等。现在分词作补语时往往表示动作正在进行。
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
高考衔接： 1). —Why did you go back to the shop? —I left my friend________there. (2003安徽春) A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 简析： 答案是A。现在分词作宾语补足语。 2). Don’t leave the water________while you brush your teeth. (2004天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 简析： 答案是B。leave sb. / sth. doing是固定句型，意为“使/让某人/某物一直(干) ……”。 leave在这里的意思是“使(让)”的意思。 3). A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen. (2003全国) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 简析： 答案是B。根据句意和感官动词find的用法要求，此题的正确答案应为B。smoking作主语a cook的补足语。 3. 作状语：现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为、方式、伴随状况等。 ①时间状语：
Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.
分词短语在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when, while或after，如：
When crossing street, you must be careful.
While reading the article, I was thinking of the World Heritage sites in China.
②原因状语：
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
④条件状语
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.
⑤结果状语
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
高考衔接： 1) When________different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 简析： 答案是C。we和compare是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
2) More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,_______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005上海卷) A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 简析：答案是A。检查考生对非谓语动词作状语的掌握和运用能力。take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for(报名参 加)同时发生，所以选择A。 3) Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,________fun. (2005重庆卷) A. had B. have C. to have D. having 简析： 答案是D。现在分词作状语表伴随的动作。 4) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,________a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 简析： 答案是B。现在分词作状语表伴随的动作。 5) He glanced over at her,________that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 简析： 答案是B。现在分词作状语表伴随的动作。 6) Having been attacked by terrorists,______. (2004上海) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 简析： 答案是A。Having been attacked by terrorists为分词短语，作全句的状语，其 逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，故选B。 7) Alice returned from the manager’s office,________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004全国Ⅳ) A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling 简析： 答案是D。现在分词作状语表伴随的动作。 8) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob,________out of the window. (2004全国Ⅱ) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 简析： 答案是A。looking out of the window作said的伴随状语。Bob与look是主谓关系，所以此处作状语的分词应用现在分词。
4. 主动语态现在分词短语完成式的基本用法
主动语态现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：
Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.
高考衔接：
1) ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home.(04 北京)
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
简析： 答案是C。Having waited发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，所以用完成式
2) _______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (’04广东卷)
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
简析： 答案是C。
5. 被动语态现在分词短语一般式的基本用法
被动语态现在分词一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如：
The truck being repaired there is ours.= The truck which is being repaired there is ours.
6. 被动语态现在分词短语完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：
Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.
高考衔接:
_____ from other countries for a millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(05 湖北)
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separeted
简析： 答案是C。Australia 与separate之间是被动关系,且separate发生在前.
7. 现在分词短语形式的复合结构
在现在分词短语前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成现在分词的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为现在分词短语的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语，如：
Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.
高考衔接:
1) The discovery of new evidence led to ______. (03 上海)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
简析： 答案是C。
2) Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change in the plan. (04 上海春)
A. his being not able to B. him not to be able
C. his not being able to D. him to be not able
简析： 答案是C。
二、过去分词短语：
过去分词短语的基本用法：过去分词短语所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词短语在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。
1. 作定语：过去分词短语作定语时，就位于其修饰的名词之后。如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前。
1) 过去分词短语所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,并且表被动。
The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C.did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing
过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成。
所以A是正确的。first played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C.
2) 没有一定的时间性,仅表示被动。
I don’t like to see the letter written in pencil.
3) 表示已经完成的动作,不表示被动,动词通常为不及物动词。
the risen sun = the sun which has risen
the fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen
4) 如过去分词短语作定语时所表示的动作正在发生,其结构为being done。
The question being discussed is important
高考衔接：
1) Don"t use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to people with specific knowledge. (2002上海) A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
简析： 答案是D 2) There have been several new events______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.(2006北京)
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
简析： 答案是D.
2. 作宾语补足语：过去分词短语作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1) 从时间上：表示动作已经完成。come, go, fall, change(表位移,变化的不及物动词) 如：
I found the countryside changed a lot.
2) 从语态上: 表示被动.
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
3) 作表示“希望，要求”等动词的宾语补足语：
want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ (to be) done
I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
4) 作表示“感觉，心理状态”等动词的宾语补足语：
see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.
We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
5) 作使役动词的宾语补足语: make, get, have, keep
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.
3. 作状语：过去分词短语作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词短语所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词短语意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while, though, as,once等连词.
1) 作时间状语
Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.
= When it is seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.
2) 作条件状语
Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.
= If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.
3) 作原因状语
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
=As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.
4) 作伴随状语
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.
5) 作让步状语
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
=Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
三、独立主格结构 大多数情况下，分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。否则，分词短语会有其自己的主语，即独立主格结构，独立主格在句中一般只作状语用。至于独立主格中是使用现在分词或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定。
1. 现在分词短语构成的“独立结构”: 名词/代词+ doing/having done
Weather permitting, we’ll go sightseeing.
The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.
2.过去分词短语构成的“独立结构”:名词/代词+done/having been done
All things considered, his paper is of greater value than yours.
3. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with/without短语来代替，如：
She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.
=She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
Without any money left, he had no choice but to borrow some from his friends.
He came into the classroom ,with a book in his hand /book in hand.
高考衔接：
1) John?received?an?invitation?to?dinner,?and?with?his?work?______?he?gladly?accepted?it.
(07安徽)
A.?finished???? B.?finishing???? C.?having?finished?? D.?was?finished
2) At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom. (07全国II)
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
3) The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. (07 重庆)
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
4)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March. (07 山东)
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
(ACBB)
巩固练习:
1. _____ a fine day, they went to town.
A. Being B. It being C. To be D. It was
2._____ a pig on the road, the bus was stopped.
A. The driver seeing B. Having seen C. After seeing D. Seeing
3. ______ across the railway, a train hit it.
A. While walking B. Walking slowly
C. As it was walking D. While the sheep was walking
4. ________, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
A. If time permit B. Time permitting C. Time permits D. If time will permit
5. ________, he drew a conclusion.
A. The experiment having done B. The experiment making
C. The experiment having been done D. The experiment made
6．______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
7. _________ everything to go wrong in advance, and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.
A. Having expected B. Expect C. To expect D. Expecting
8. ________ no hope for cure and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. There having B. There had C. There being D. There was
9.Everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A.to take B. taken C.to be taken D. taking
10．My work _______,I went home .
A. had been done B. done C. having done D. to be done
(BADBC DBCBB)
课件34张PPT。U NIT 2Witnessing timeGrammar and usage徐险峰、潘浩、宋丹、王艳、张霞一、现在分词短语
二、过去分词短语
三、独立主格结构
分词短语一、现在分词短语1.作定语: 现在分词短语作定语，位于其修饰的名词
之后,相当于一个定语从句.
Do you know the man standing at the gate?
=Do you know the man who is standing at the gate?
The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
=The man who is talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
如果现在分词只是一个单词，位于其修饰的名词之前:
The sleeping child is only five years old. 注：现在分词(短语)作定语用时，被现在分词(短语)
所修饰的名词就是该现在分词(短语)的逻辑主语。另外，
现在分词(短语)作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所
表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不
能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：
The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak
English very well.1）The flowers________sweet in the botanical garden
attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004年上海卷)
to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
2). The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________
the desert. (2006湖南)
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 高考衔接： 2. 作补足语: 现在分词短语可作宾语补足语和主语补足语。
此时句中的谓语动词多为表示感觉的动词、短语动词或
使役动词。例如： see，hear，watch，notice，
observe，find，smell，look at，listen to，have，
get，set，catch，keep，leave等。
现在分词作补语时往往表示动作正在进行。I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.高考衔接： 1). —Why did you go back to the shop? —I left my friend________there. (2003安徽春)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 2). Don’t leave the water________while you brush your teeth.
(2004天津)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 3). A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in
the kitchen. (2003全国)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 3. 作状语：现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、
结果、条件、让步、行为、方式、伴随状况等。 ①时间状语：
Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.
分词短语在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when, while或after.
When crossing street, you must be careful.
While reading the article, I was thinking of the World Heritage
sites in China.
②原因状语：
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
③方式或伴随状语：
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
④条件状语
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.
⑤结果状语
European football is played in 80 countries,
making it the most popular sport in the world. 高考衔接： When________different cultures, we often pay attention
only to the differences without noticing the many
similarities. (2006浙江)
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
2) More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes
nowadays,_______advantage of the health and relaxation
benefits. (2005上海卷)
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 3) Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were
together,________fun. (2005重庆卷)
A. had B. have C. to have D. having 4) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the
year,________a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
(2005山东卷)
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching 5) He glanced over at her,________that though she was tiny,
she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 6) Having been attacked by terrorists,______. (2004上海)
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists 7) Alice returned from the manager’s office,________ me that
the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004全国Ⅳ)
A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling 8) “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob,________out of
the window. (2004全国Ⅱ) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 4. 主动语态现在分词短语完成式的基本用法。
主动语态现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在句中
谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或
原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是
它所表示的动作的执行者.Having answered the letter, she went on to read an
English novel.高考衔接： ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly
realized that he left his wallet at home.(04 北京)
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
2) _______ the programme, they have to stay there for
another two weeks. ( 04广东卷)
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
5. 被动语态现在分词短语一般式的基本用法
被动语态现在分词一般式所表示的动作是一个正在
进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中
谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作
定语或状语用。 The truck being repaired there is ours.
= The truck which is being repaired there is ours.6. 被动语态现在分词短语完成式的基本用法
被动语态现在分词短语完成式所表示的动作发生在
谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。 Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library._____ from other countries for a millions of years, Australia
has many plants and animals not found in any other country
in the world.(05 湖北)
Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separeted高考衔接： 7. 现在分词短语形式的复合结构
在现在分词短语前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成
现在分词短语的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词
所有格为现在分词的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作
主语、宾语或表语. Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to
your health. 但在口语中，这种结构如作宾语用，其中的物主代词
常用人称代词的宾格，名词的所有格常用名词的
普通格代替 She insisted on Peter’s (or Peter)going there first.1) The discovery of new evidence led to ______. (03 上海)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
2) Victor apologized for _____ to inform me of the change
in the plan. (04 上海春)
A. his being not able to B. him not to be able
C. his not being able to D. him to be not able高考衔接： 二、过去分词作定语 过去分词短语作定语时，就位于其修饰的
名词之后。如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰
的名词之前。 过去分词短语所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
发生,并且表被动。The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C.did not include
women players until 1912.
first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing2) 没有一定的时间性,仅表示被动。
I don’t like to see the letter written in pencil.3) 表示已经完成的动作,不表示被动,动词通常为不及物动词。
the risen sun = the sun which has risen
the fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen4) 如过去分词短语作定语时所表示的动作正在发生,
其结构为being done。
The question being discussed is important Do you know the name of the play___ in the hall now?
A. to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on 高考衔接： Don"t use words, expressions, or phrases_______ only to
people with specific knowledge. (2002上海)
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
2) There have been several new events______ to the program
for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.(2006北京)
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added2. 作宾语补足语：过去分词短语作宾语补足语时，句中
的宾语就是其逻辑主语。从时间上：表示动作已经完成。come, go, fall, change
(表位移,变化的不及物动词)
I found the countryside changed a lot.
2) 从语态上: 表示被动.
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
3) 作表示“希望，要求”等动词的宾语补足语：
want, wish, expect, wish, like, order+ (to be) done
I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.
Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.4) 作表示“感觉，心理状态”等动词的宾语补足语：
see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.
We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
5) 作使役动词的宾语补足语: make, get, have, keep
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.3. 作状语：过去分词短语作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，
该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词短
语所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词
短语意义更加明确，常在分词前加when, if, while,
though, as,once等连词.1) 作时间状语
Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks
beautiful.
= When it is seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.
2) 作条件状语
Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done
it better.
= If we had been given more time, we could have done
it better.3) 作原因状语
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
=As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.
4) 作伴随状语
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
=She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little
daughter.
5) 作让步状语
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
=Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out
the secret.三、独立主格结构
大多数情况下，分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。否则，
分词短语会有其自己的主语，即独立主格结构。
独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，至于独立主格中是使用现在
分词或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的
主动被动关系而定。现在分词短语构成的“独立结构”:
名词/代词+ doing/having done
Weather permitting, we’ll go sightseeing.
The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.2.过去分词短语构成的“独立结构”:
名词/代词+done/having been done
All things considered, his paper is of greater value than yours.
3. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with/without短语来代替
She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.
=She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
Without any money left, he had no choice but to borrow
some from his friends.
He came into the classroom ,with a book in his hand
/book in hand. John?received?an?invitation?to?dinner,?and?with?his?work
?______?he?gladly?accepted?it. (07安徽)
A.?finished???? B.?finishing????
C.?having?finished?? D.?was?finished
2) At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could
be heard outside the classroom. (07全国II)
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 高考衔接： 3) The children went home from the grammar school,
their lessons _______ for the day. (07 重庆)
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
4)The country has already sent up three unmanned
spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last
March. (07 山东)
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched巩固练习： 1. _____ a fine day, they went to town.
A. Being B. It being C. To be D. It was
2._____ a pig on the road, the bus was stopped.
The driver seeing B. Having seen
C. After seeing D. Seeing
3. ______ across the railway, a train hit it.
While walking B. Walking slowly
C. As it was walking D. While the sheep was walking4. ________, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
If time permit B. Time permitting
C. Time permits D. If time will permit
5. ________, he drew a conclusion.
The experiment having done
B. The experiment making
C. The experiment having been done
D. The experiment made6．______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area
died from lacking water.
Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
7. _________ everything to go wrong in advance,
and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.
Having expected B. Expect C. To expect D. Expecting
8．My work _______,I went home .
A. had been done B. done C. having done D. to be done9. ________ no hope for cure and no way to reduce her pain
and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her
doctor’s help to end her life.
A. There having B. There had
C. There being D. There was
10.Everything into consideration, they ought to have
another chance.
A.to take B. taken C.to be taken D. taking Thank you very much!
Goodbye!
