2010年江苏省初、高中英语
优秀教学设计评比
学 段、年 级： 高中三年级
单 位（全称）： 江苏省沭阳高级中学
姓 名： 杨胜利
牛津高中英语模块十
Unit 3 Grammar and usage
教学设计题目： The development of a text
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2010年江苏省高中英语优秀教学设计评比
设计题目
Advance with English (牛津高中英语)
Module 10 Units 2&3 Grammar and usage: The development of a text
教
学
内
容
NMET writing scores 25 points, accounting for about 21% of the total score (120 points). Therefore, writing occupies an important position in English learning. In the high school English learning process, we only concern of listening and reading, but of rare or no systematic writing training.
This teaching content (Grammar in Units 2 and 3, Module 10) aims at guiding students to grasp the paragraph elements and the structure of a text. Through the study, students will be able to better the organization of the paragraphs and the structure of a text, make the text develop logically and write the text conforming to the standard of English writing.
According to the teaching content, the key and difficulty points of this period are identified as follows:
1. Key points:
(1) To understand and use paragraph elements and discourse structures
(2) To understand the relations among the topic sentence, supporting sentences, concluding sentences.
(3) To be able to write a text conforming to the standard of English writing.
2. Difficulty points:
(1) How to summarize and refine the topic sentence and ending sentence.
(2) How to organize information so as to make the text develop logically.
教
学
对
象
In the course of teaching English, we usually only pay attention to learning English language points, but seldom to analyzing the structures of paragraphs and texts. So when writing in English, quite a few students don’t know how to properly arrange structures of paragraphs and texts. They just add the information points of the composition together, and there is no logical connection between sentences, which results in the fact that their compositions are not characteristic of explicit levels and stronger logical structures from discourse.
教
学
目
标
This lesson is designed for the guidance of writing, aiming at solving the students’ writing problems of the entire layout of their compositions, so the following goals are expected to achieve:
1. Cognitive objectives:
1) To understand the elements of a paragraph: topic sentences, supporting sentences, concluding sentences.
2) To understand the basic structure of a text: title, opening paragraph, body paragraphs, concluding paragraph.
2. Ability objectives:
To learn how to organize information so as to make the text develop logically.
教
学
策
略
Students are the main body of the class. In order to arouse the students’ enthusiasm and cultivate their autonomous learning ability, the following approaches are applied in class:
1. Task-based teaching approach
2. Group cooperation approach
3. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
教 学 过 程
教学步骤
所用
时间
教师活动
学生活动
设计说明
Step 1:
Lead-in and introduction
1 min.
Paragraphs are one of the major “building blocks” of good writing. They are used to organize information in an essay, a story or an article. In this period we’ll learn how to write a good essay.
To arouse the students’ desire for knowledge.
Step 2: Elements of a paragraph
10
min.
1. Set up tasks as follows:
1) What do we usually include when writing paragraphs?
2) What are the functions of a topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences?
3) What are the relations among them?
2. Give students timely help.
1. Read Grammar and Usage on Pages 24 and materials in Learning plan.
2. Discuss the questions in groups.
3. Report their answers to the whole class.
1. Guide the students to think.
2. Help the students to understand the elements of a paragraph.
3. Bring teachers’ leading role into full play.
教 学 过 程
教学步骤
所用
时间
教师活动
学生活动
设计说明
Step 3: Development of a text
10
min.
1. Set up tasks as follows:
1) What should we include for a text to develop logically?
2) What are the functions of a title, an opening paragraph, body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph?
3) How to write a title, an opening paragraph, body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph?
2. Give advice in time and help those students who have problems.
3. Make comments on the students’ work.
1. Read Grammar and Usage on Pages 24 and materials in Learning plan.
2. Discuss the questions in groups.
3. Report their answers to the whole class.
4. Do Part A on Page 25.
1. Play the main part of the students and let them participate positively.
2. Cultivate the students’ ability of solving problems and cooperative learning.
3. Help the students understand the development of a text.
教 学 过 程
教学步骤
所用
时间
教师活动
学生活动
设计说明
Step 4: Practice
8
min.
1. Ask the students to read the essay in the learning plan.
2. Set up tasks as follows:
1) Take Para. 1 as an example and point out the elements of a paragraph.
2) Analyze the structure of the entire essay.
3. Make comments on the students’ work.
1. Perform the tasks in groups.
2. Report their results to the whole class.
3. Do the exercise on Page 41.
Apply what they have learned to solving problems to strengthen their skills.
Step 5: Practice
12
min.
1. Ask the students to do the exercises in the learning plan, one item each group.
2. Make comments on the students’ work and give timely advice.
1. First do the exercise individually.
2. Share the results with the group members and have a discussion if necessary.
3. Report the best results to the whole class.
1. Consolidate what the students have learned.
2. Improve the students’ ability.
教 学 过 程
教学步骤
所用
时间
教师活动
学生活动
设计说明
Step 6: Summary
3
min.
Ask the students to summarize what they have learned.
Fulfill the task and report their opinion to the group members.
Consolidate what they’ve learned.
Step 7: Homework
1
min.
Assign homework: Write a short passage entitled My favorite teacher.
Fulfill the task and share their essays in the next period.
Creative work.
Help the Ss to apply they’ve learned.
板
书
设
计
The development of a text
教
学
反
思
As a whole, this lesson is a success because the students have known how to better the organization of the paragraphs and the structure of a text. However, they still have difficulty giving a topic sentence and a concluding sentence, so they need more practice and instruction.
If the students have enough time do the creative work in class and then have a timely comment, the results may be better.
课件16张PPT。Module 10 Unit 3 The development of a text (Grammar)By Yang Shengli
Shuyang Senior High School学习目标1．理解段落的要素：主题句（Topic sentence），支持句（Supporting sentence），结尾句（Concluding sentence）
2．理解语篇的基本结构：标题（Title），起始段（Opening paragraph），主体段（Body paragraphs），结论段（Concluding paragraph）
3．学会组织信息，使语篇符合逻辑地发展 学习重点和难点1．重点：
（1）对段落要素和语篇结构的理解和运用
（2）主题句、支持句、结尾句三者间的关系
（3）写出合乎英语行文规范的语篇
2．难点：
（1）主题句和结尾句的提炼概括
（2）组织信息，使语篇符合逻辑地发展 Task 1: Elements of a paragraph1. What do we usually include when writing paragraphs?
2. What are the functions of a topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences?
3. What are the relations among them?Task 2: Development of a text1. What should we include for a text to develop logically?
2. What are the functions of a title, an opening paragraph, body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph?
3. How to write a title, an opening paragraph, body paragraphs and a concluding paragraph? Task 3: PracticeRead the model essay in the learning plan and analyse its structures.
1. Give the topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentence of Para.1.
2. Give the opening paragraph, body paragraphs and concluding paragraph.Generation Gap
Nowadays, the problem of generation gap becomes more and more serious. Based on the survey by our school, the poor relationship between parents and their children is very common. Are these problems caused by the busy parents? Or, do the harsh family rules affect their relationship?
?????? Firstly, in most of the families in the US, both of the parents have to go out for work in order to earn more money to provide better environment for their lovely children. Unfortunately, this causes the rare communication between them and their children, since these parents always take rest during leisure time. These parents and children cannot know deeply about each other, then friction is easy to appear. Therefore, a wide generation gap comes into being.
?????? Secondly, parents’ asking their children to be absolutely obedient to them is also one of the grave causes of generation gap between them. Therefore, these children are not willing to communicate with their parents and most of these parents are not active to talk with their children. Thus, misunderstanding between them often occurs.
?????? To solve these problems, the busy parents should sacrifice their spare time to communicate with their children actively so as to improve their relationship. At the same time, they can also observe their children’s behavior in order to understand their children’ personality and reduce the quarrel between them.
?????? Besides that, the parents should try to give up their absolute power in family to give a better image to their children since it can make their children feel free to chat with their parents. Then it is easy for the parents to approach their lovely children. Therefore, a close and harmonious relationship between parents and children appears.
?????? In conclusion, to have a close relationship between parents and children, the parents should devote their leisure time to talking with their children and observing their children’s personality and give their children the approaching images. If so, this terrible phenomenon, generation gap, cannot occur any more.本文作者是一个美国孩子。作者独辟蹊径，重在说理，鲜明地提出了在消除代沟方面父母应该做些什么，期盼之情，溢于言表。文章的立意也做到了平中见奇。此外，作者使用了一些关键性的承上启下的词，如firstly, secondly, besides that, therefore, in conclusion等，既体现了思维的缜密性，又使文章看起来布局合理，层次分明。 Generation Gap Nowadays, the problem of generation gap becomes more and more serious. Based on the survey by our school, the poor relationship between parents and their children is very common. Are these problems caused by the busy parents? Or, do the harsh family rules affect their relationship?Para. 1Topic sentencesSupporting sentencesHooksGeneration Gap
Nowadays, the problem of generation gap becomes more and more serious. Based on the survey by our school, the poor relationship between parents and their children is very common. Are these problems caused by the busy parents? Or, do the harsh family rules affect their relationship?
?????? Firstly, in most of the families in the US, both of the parents have to go out for work in order to earn more money to provide better environment for their lovely children. Unfortunately, this causes the rare communication between them and their children, since these parents always take rest during leisure time. These parents and children cannot know deeply about each other, then friction is easy to appear. Therefore, a wide generation gap comes into being.
?????? Secondly, parents’ asking their children to be absolutely obedient to them is also one of the grave causes of generation gap between them. Therefore, these children are not willing to communicate with their parents and most of these parents are not active to talk with their children. Thus, misunderstanding between them often occurs.
?????? To solve these problems, the busy parents should sacrifice their spare time to communicate with their children actively so as to improve their relationship. At the same time, they can also observe their children’s behavior in order to understand their children’ personality and reduce the quarrel between them.
?????? Besides that, the parents should try to give up their absolute power in family to give a better image to their children since it can make their children feel free to chat with their parents. Then it is easy for the parents to approach their lovely children. Therefore, a close and harmonious relationship between parents and children appears.
?????? In conclusion, to have a close relationship between parents and children, the parents should devote their leisure time to talking with their children and observing their children’s personality and give their children the approaching images. If so, this terrible phenomenon, generation gap, cannot occur any more.TitleOpening paragraphBody paragraphsConcluding paragraphTask 4 Practice
and
ConsolidationPractice 1下列段落没有主题句，请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句。
___________________________________________. When he was only a freshman in high school, he played on the school team. Throughout high school, he scored an average of twenty-six points a game. Then he was given a basketball scholarship to college. Now people think that Bob has a good chance of becoming a professional some day.Practice 2补充支持句，完成下列段落。
In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes. In order to maintain their health, they must exercise. First, ①________________________. ②___________________________. Secondly, as much of what they learn in a course is not provided in the classroom, they must do research in the library. ③ ________________. ④_________________. Finally, for the education beyond books, they participate in cultural and social activities. ⑤__________________. ⑥______________.Practice 3根据段落所述，给下列各段一结论句。
Getting up early is a good habit. It is of great importance to us all. First, it helps to keep us healthy. If we can get up early, we can breathe fresh air and do morning exercises, which builds up our bodies. Second, it helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, it can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. ________________________. Practice 4观察下列句子间的逻辑联系，重新排列句子顺序，使之成为一篇短文。
① He often says to us: “Work while you work; play while you play.”
② Some of them are old and some of them are young.
③ He is tall and thin and always wears a big pair of glasses.
④ Among these teachers, there is one whom I particularly like and respect.
⑤ He seems to know everything and he teaches well.
⑥ He teaches history and is very gentle and kind.
⑦ We have many teachers in our school
⑧ He also tells stories well.
⑨ We all like him and admire him.
⑩ He is Mr. Chen, a middle-aged man of about forty. HomeworkWrite a passage entitled My favorite teacher. 课 题
Module 10 Units 2 & 3 The development of a text
课 型
写作方法指导
学 习
目 标
1．理解段落的要素：主题句（Topic sentence），支持句（Supporting sentence），结尾句（Concluding sentence）
2．理解语篇的基本结构：标题（Title），起始段（Opening paragraph），主体段（Body paragraphs），结论段（Concluding paragraph）
3．学会组织信息，使语篇符合逻辑地发展
重 点
难 点
1．重点：
（1）对段落要素和语篇结构的理解和运用
（2）主题句、支持句、结尾句三者间的关系
（3）写出合乎英语行文规范的语篇
2．难点：
（1）主题句和结尾句的提炼概括
（2）组织信息，使语篇符合逻辑地发展
学 习 内 容 及 过 程
教学设计
学习札记
一、新课导学
如何写好段落
段落本身就是一篇小文章，文章的段落主要由三个部分组成：
主题句（Topic sentences）：阐述段落的中心思想
支持句（Supporting sentence）：列举范例、事实、原因或引语等来阐明中心思想
结尾句（Concluding sentence）：总结段落思想，并表示段落结束
（一）确定主题句
主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨，它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。主题句通常出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。
写主题句应注意以下几点：
1．归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点，提炼出一句具有概括性的话作为主题句，主题句应能抓住、吸引读者。
2．主题句应结构完整。主题句不应是含义不全的只言片语，而应是语法及句意上都能相对独立完整的句子，具有可读性。
3．主题句必须包括段落的主题和关键词，主题句既要确定段落主题，又要在段落的有限范围内对细节加以控制和限制。
4．主题句既要有一定的范围和概括性，又要有一定的限度。即主题句的概括面不要太宽，也不可太窄。太宽不利于充分拓展，若把握不当，甚至会使段落中心偏移；太窄则不利于段落主题的发展，不便阐述和发挥。
学 习 内 容 及 过 程
教学设计
学习札记
（二）段落展开
段落是由一组相关的、共同表达一个中心思想的若干句子组成。段落本身具有完整性和连贯性。段落的长短要根据主题的简单和复杂来确定。
主题句是一个段落的中心或灵魂，代表着整个段落的主要思想，主题句往往置于段落的开头。
支持句是在一个段落中，运用各种材料紧紧围绕主题句进行论证、说明、解释等的句子。因此写支持句时切忌写和主题无关的句子。采用哪种方法展开段落并不是绝对的，通常支持句的写法有三种：范例（examples）、事实（facts）、因果关系（cause and effect）。范例是被用来论证主题最简易的方法；事实和统计数据是论证主题的最有效手段；因果关系通常用以解释和论证某一观点和现象，用以讨论和分析某事发生的原因或各种原因导致的结果等。
结尾句是由主题句和支持句发展而来，它通常是一种肯定或否定的结论，是对全段一种浓缩式的说明，是对段落中心思想总结的句子。结尾句一般放在段尾。结尾句的作用是：一是表明段落的结果，通常使用表示下结论的信号词，如finally，therefore，in short等；二是总结段落中心思想，但不可再提出新的观点；三是对段落主题进行最后评价。好的结尾句对文章有画龙点睛的作用。
段落的展开方式有很多种：以定义展开；以时间顺序展开；以空间顺序展开；以过程、细节展开等。段落所使用的句式不要单调重复，而要错落有致，如适时运用非谓语动词、从句，交替使用长句和短句。
如何写好语篇
注意篇章结构，合理布局，做到全文中心突出，段落之间有机地联系，内容完整、连贯，前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。
开始部分（Opening paragraph）：说出文中的要点、核心问题。
正文部分（Body paragraphs）：围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。
结尾部分（Concluding paragraph）：对全文的总结和概括。
二、佳作赏析
Generation Gap
Para 1 Nowadays, the problem of generation gap becomes more and more serious. Based on the survey by our school, the poor relationship between parents and their children is very common. Are these problems caused by the busy parents? Or, do the harsh family rules affect their relationship??
Para 2 Firstly, in most of the families in the US, both of the parents have to go out for work in order to earn more money to provide better environment for their lovely children. Unfortunately, this causes the rare communication between them and their children, since these parents always take rest during leisure time. These parents and children cannot know deeply about each other, then friction is easy to appear. Therefore, a wide generation gap comes into being.
学 习 内 容 及 过 程
教学设计
学习札记
Para 3 Secondly, parents’ asking their children to be absolutely obedient to them is also one of the grave causes of generation gap between them. Therefore, these children are not willing to communicate with their parents and most of these parents are not active to talk with their children. Thus, misunderstanding between them often occurs.
Para 4 To solve these problems, the busy parents should sacrifice their spare time to communicate with their children actively so as to improve their relationship. At the same time, they can also observe their children’s behavior in order to understand their children’ personality and reduce the quarrel between them.
Para 5 Besides that, the parents should try to give up their absolute power in family to give a better image to their children since it can make their children feel free to chat with their parents. Then it is easy for the parents to approach their lovely children. Therefore, a close and harmonious relationship between parents and children appears.
Para 6 In conclusion, to have a close relationship between parents and children, the parents should devote their leisure time to talking with their children and observing their children’s personality and give their children the approaching images. If so, this terrible phenomenon, generation gap, cannot occur any more.
【结构分析】
1. The elements of a paragraph (Take Para.1 as an example)
Topic sentences:
Supporting sentences:
Concluding sentences:
2. The development of a text
A title:
A beginning paragraph:
Body paragraphs:
A concluding paragraph:
学 习 内 容 及 过 程
教学设计
学习札记
三、实战演练
1．下列段落没有主题句，请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句。
________________. When he was only a freshman in high school, he played on the school team. Throughout high school, he scored an average of twenty-six points a game. Then he was given a basketball scholarship to college. Now people think that Bob has a good chance of becoming a professional some day.
2．补充支持句，完成下列段落。
In the course of a day, students do far more than just attend classes. In order to maintain their health, they must exercise. First, ①______________________. ②_____________________________________________________________. Secondly, as much of what they learn in a course is not provided in the classroom, they must do research in the library. ③__________________________________. ④_______________________________________________________________. Finally, for the education beyond books, they participate in cultural and social activities.⑤_________________________. ⑥__________________________.
3．根据段落所述，给下列段落拟定一个结论句。
Getting up early is a good habit. It is of great importance to us all. First, it helps to keep us healthy. If we can get up early, we can breathe fresh air and do morning exercises, which builds up our bodies. Second, it helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, it can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. _____________________.
4．观察下列句子间的逻辑联系，重新排列句子顺序，使之成为一篇短文。
① He often says to us: “Work while you work; play while you play.”
② Some of them are old and some of them are young.
③ He is tall and thin and always wears a big pair of glasses.
④ Among these teachers, there is one whom I particularly like and respect.
⑤ He seems to know everything and he teaches well.
⑥ He teaches history and is very gentle and kind.
⑦ We have many teachers in our school
⑧ He also tells stories well.
⑨ We all like him and admire him.
⑩ He is Mr. Chen, a middle-aged man of about forty.
