人教新课标必修四：Unit2 Working the land课件（81张ppt)

(共81张PPT)
Unit 2
Working the land
高一必修4
1. ____________ vi. & n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力
2. ____________ n. 十年; 十年期
3. ____________ adj. 特级的；超级的
4. ____________ n. 产量；输出
5. ____________ n. 庄稼；农作物；产量
6. ____________ adj. 引起烦恼的；
令人不安的
struggle
decade
super
output
crop
disturbing
7. ____________ vt.& vi. 使变大; 伸展
8. ____________ vt.& vi. 循环; 流传
9. ____________ n. 战役；战斗；较量
vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗
10. ___________ n.（常用pl statistics）数据；
统计；统计数字；统计资料
11. ___________ adv. 因此; 所以; 因而
12. ___________ n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
13. ___________ n. 国籍
expand
circulate
therefore
nationality
battle
grain
statistics
14. __________ n. 工作; 职业; 占领
15. __________ vt. 遗憾; 惋惜
n. 遗憾; 懊悔
16. __________ adj. 晒黑的
17. __________ n. 细菌(bacterium的复数)
18. __________ n. 害虫
19. __________ n. 营养；滋养；食物
20. __________ n. 矿物；矿石
regret
bacteria
pest
nutrition
occupation
mineral
sunburnt
21. __________ n. 土壤
22. __________ n. 焦点; 中心点
vt. 集中; 聚焦
23. __________ vt. 减少; 减缩
24. __________ n. 根；根源
25. __________ vt. 浏览；略读
26. __________ vt. 画底线标出；强调
27. __________ n. 评论; 议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见; 作出评论
28. __________ adj. 化学的；关于化学的
focus
reduce
comment
soil
root
skim
underline
chemical
29. ____________ n. 饥饿;欲望
vt. & vi. (使)饥饿
→__________ adj. 饥饿的; 渴望得到的
29. ____________ vt. & vi. 配备; 装备
→__________ (不可数) n. 设备
30. ____________ vt. & vi. 输出; 出口
→__________ (反义词) vt. & vi. 输入; 进口
hunger
hungry
equip
equipment
export
import
31. ____________ n. 发现；发觉
→__________ v. 发现
32. ____________ vt. 使迷惑; 使为难
→__________ adj. 令人迷惑的
→__________ adj. 感到迷惑的
→__________ n. 迷惑
33. ____________ n. 总结; 摘要; 概要
→__________ vt. 总结
confuse
confusing
confused
confusion
summary
summarize
discovery
discover
34. ___________ n. 自由；自主
→_________ adj. 自由的；免费的
→_________ adv. 自由地；随意地
35. ___________ n. 生产；制造
→_________ vt. 生产；制造
→_________ n. 产品；产物
→_________ adj. 生产的；多产的
→_________ n. 生产者；制片人
freedom
production
free
freely
produce
product
productive
producer
1. 幸亏，由于，因为 ________________
2. 摆脱，除去 ________________
3. 对……感到满意 ________________
4. 宁愿，宁可 ________________
5. 逐渐增强; 建立; 开发 ________________
6. 导致; 造成 (后果) ________________
7. 集中(注意力/精力等) ________________
8. 使……免受(影响;伤害等); 使……不含 (有害物) ________________
thanks to
rid …of
be satisfied with
would rather
build up
lead to
focus on
keep...free from/of
1. if so 条件状语从句的缩略形式
e.g. Have you ever grown any plants If so,
what did you do to grow them If not,
what kind of plant would you like to try
growing
2. ... +倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as ...
e.g. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are
producing harvests twice as large as
before.
1. 名词后缀-y与动词、名词或形容词相结合，构成名词
① delivery n. 交付；传送
② discovery n. 发现
③ victory n. 胜利；战胜
④ memory n. 记忆，记忆力
⑤ difficulty n. 困难
⑥ honesty n. 诚实
2. 动词+on短语
① call on 号召；拜访
② carry on 执行
③ depend on 依靠
④ hold on 坚持
⑤ insist on 坚持
⑥ live on 以……为生
与农业相关的语块
protect arable land 保护耕地
pest and disease control 病虫害防治
sown area 播种面积
yield per unit area 单位面积产量
soil improvement 改良土壤
farming equipment 耕作设备
develop farm plots that meet high standards建设高标准农田
farmers' enthusiasm 农民积极性
agricultural infrastructure 农业基础设施
spend on agricultural science and technology
农业科技投入
organic agriculture 有机农业
pollution-free vegetables 无公害蔬菜
terraced field 梯田
soil fertility 土壤肥力
crop failure 作物歉收
land degradation 土地退化
cash crops 经济作物
grain varieties 粮食品种
irrigated area 灌溉面积
cooperative farm 合作农场
China is one of the oldest agricultural countries in the world. Intensive farming is practiced in China.
中国是世界上最古老的农业国之一，讲究精耕细作。
Food is vital for human survival.
民以食为天。
China has rich agricultural resources. Rice is mainly grown in southern China while wheat and corn are mainly grown in northern China.
中国农业资源丰富，南方以种植水稻为主，北方以种植小麦和玉米为主。
The issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers have a major impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and on the modernization drive.
农业、农村和农民问题，是关系全面建设小康社会和现代化事业全局的重大问题。
1. struggle vt.& vi.& n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力; 挣扎
【教材原句】Indeed, his sunburned face and arms and his slim and strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的确，他那被太阳晒的黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去五十年来，他一直努力帮助他们。
【归纳】
struggle to do sth. 艰难地做某事, 挣扎着
做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle with (against) 与……作斗争, 同……
搏斗
【语境运用】单句填空
1) She’s struggling _________(bring) up a family alone.
2) Millions of people are struggling ________ survival.
3) John struggled ____________ cancer for two years.
4) Police said there were no signs of a _________(struggle).
to bring
for
against / with
struggle
2. expand vt. 使变大; 使增强; 阐述
vi. 扩大; 增加; 增强
【教材原句】Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the field.
袁博士(开始)在不增加农田面积的基础上寻求水稻增产的途径。
【归纳】
expand...into 把……扩展(发展, 膨胀)成
expand on/upon 阐述; 详谈
【语境应用】完成句子
1) 我们打算通过再开两家商店来扩大生意。
We plan to ___________________ by opening two more stores.
2) 管道里的水结成了冰，导致管身膨胀爆裂。
The water froze inside the pipe, causing it to ___________________.
3) Could you expand __________ that point, please
expand the business
expand and burst
on / upon
expand 展开, 扩大, 不仅指尺寸的增加, 还可指
范围和体积的扩大。
extend 伸出, 延伸, 指空间范围的扩大, 以及长
度、宽度的向外延伸, 也可指时间的延
长。
spread 伸开, 传播, 一般指向四面八方扩大传播
的范围, 如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。
stretch 伸展, 拉长, 一般指由曲变直、由短变长
的伸展, 不是加长。
expand extend spread stretch
【语境应用】用expand/extend/spread/stretch的适当形式填空
1) The hot weather __________ to October.
2) Water _________ when it freezes.
3) He _________ his body full.
4) The fire soon ________ to the nearby
building.
extended
expands
stretches
spread
3. equip vt. & vi. 装备; 配备
【教材原句】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
【归纳】
equip...with... 用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着
equip...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备
well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的
【拓展】
equipment n. 装备; 设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment 一件设备
【语境应用】单句填空
1) All riders ___________ (equip) with reflective vests and safety lights. (2018课标全国Ⅰ)
2) You must carry the necessary ___________ (equip) with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. (2017课标全国Ⅰ)
3) Your training will equip you ________ your
future job.
equipment
for
are equipped
4. therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
【教材原句】 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。
therefore so thus
therefore 副词。和上句连接时常用and therefore…形式，and前加一逗号；如没有and，则上句尾用分号(;)。
so 连词。前一句尾常用逗号隔开，so不能与because连用。
thus 副词。常与and连用，呈现and thus+从句形式，有时也会有…，thus doing…形式，强调引起一个直接的结果。
【语境应用】用therefore，so，thus填空
① She was caught cheating in the exam and
________ she was punished by her
teacher.
② She coughed badly, ________ she went to
see a doctor.
③ The tram stopped suddenly, ________
causing the delay.
therefore
so
thus
5. regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜
n. 遗憾；懊悔
【归纳】
regret to do sth. 遗憾地去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
regret not to have done sth.
后悔没做过某事
regret that 遗憾……
with great/deep regret 很遗憾
to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是
【拓展】
regretful adj. 懊悔的，遗憾的，惆怅的 regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的，使人痛惜
的，可悲的，不幸的
【语境应用】单句填空
1) I regret _______ (tell) you that I can not lend you a hand.
2) ________ their great regret the tickets for
the football game were sold out.
to tell
To
汉译英
3) 他说他很后悔把事件的真相告诉了他母亲。
He said he regretted telling / having told / that he had told the truth of the matter to his mother.
6. focus n. 焦点; 中心点
v. 集中; 聚集
【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
【归纳】
focus on/upon sth. 集中(注意力、精力等)
于……
focus one’s eyes on 注视
focus one’s attention on sth.
集中注意力于……
out of focus 模糊不清/焦点没有对准的
in focus 清晰的/焦点对准的
bring sth. into focus 使……成为关注的焦点
the focus of attention/concern
注意力/关注的焦点
【语境应用】单句填空
1) He needs to focus more ______ his career.
2) We need to focus public attention _______ this issue.
3) Pictures should be ______ focus, with realistic colours and well composed groups.
4) Bring the object _______ focus if you want a sharp photograph.
on
on
in
into
完成句子
1) 你必须努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。
You must try to _____________________ work and study.
2) 这次讨论的焦点是女性在广告中的角色。
_____________________________ was the roles of women in advertising.
focus your mind on
The main focus of the discussion
7. reduce v. 减少; 减缩
【教材原句】A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
【归纳】
reduce ... (from ... ) to ... 把……（从……）减
少到……
reduce ... by ... 把……减少……
【拓展】
reduce ... to sth. / doing sth. 使……陷入某种状
况/状态
reduce sb. to ... 降职
【语境应用】完成句子
1) 这里的人口现在已减少到5万。
The population here has _______________ fifty thousand now.
2) 听到这个坏消息，全班都安静了下来。
Hearing the bad news, the class was
_________________.
3) 据报道，那个地区的米价下降了5%。
It is reported that the price of the rice in that area _______________ 5%.
been reduced to
reduced to silence
was reduced by
8. comment vi. & vt. 表达意见；作出评论
n. 评论；议论
【教材原句】Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
【归纳】
comment on/about sth. / sb.
对某事/某人进行评论
make comments on sth./sb.
对某事/某人进行评论
no comment 无可奉告
【语境应用】完成句子
1) She _______________________ my work.
她对我的工作提出了有益的评论。
2) I don’t feel ____________________________.
我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。
made helpful comments on
I can comment on their decision
1. thanks to 由于；多亏（有时用作反语）;
因为
【教材原句】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
【方法规律】
owing to和thanks to的宾语所表达的内容往往是正面的、积极的东西。
due to、because of和as a result of的宾语则为中性的内容。在表达负面、消极的内容时多用as a result of和due to。
【拓展】
表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：
because of, owing to, on account of, due to,
as a result of, result from
【温馨提示】
以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名
词或动名词而不可以跟从句。
【语境应用】完成句子
1) It was all a great success — _________________________ (由于尽心竭力).
2) ____________________ (多亏了你的帮助), we arrived there safely.
thanks to a lot of hard work
Thanks to your help
2. would rather 宁愿，宁可 其后接动词原形
【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
【拓展】
would rather...than... 常用句式，意为“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
would rather＋从句，从句要用虚拟语气，用动词的过去时表示。
would rather have done
本想做……（而实际上未做）
【语境应用】单句改错
1) This Sunday I would rather staying at home than go to the park.
_______________
2) He would rather don’t go with me. _______________
3) I’d rather had the small apple. _______________
staying → stay
don’t → not
had → have
3. build up 逐渐增加，变得严重起来，
(车辆)拥挤起来；积累，
积聚；加强(力量)，
增强(体质)；建立，开发
【教材原句】These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。
【语境应用】写出build up的汉语意思
1) Ross took twenty years to build up his business. __________
2) He went for an ocean voyage and soon built up his health. __________
3) We must build up a reserve fund to meet emergencies. __________
4) The noise built up until Mary couldn’t stand it any longer. __________
5) The singer has been built up into a great success. ___________
建立
加强（力量），增强（体质）
积累，积聚
逐步增加，变得严重起来
通过广告宣传使出名
4. lead to 导致; 造成(后果); 通向
其中to是介词，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
【教材原句】Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
许多化学成分导致癌症或其他疾病。
【拓展】
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地
lead the way 引路, 带路
lead/live/have a...life 过着……样的生活
【语境应用】汉译英
1) 吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
2) 这条路通向公园。
The road leads to the park.
3) 她带领我们到了楼上的房间。
She led us to a room upstairs.
1. If so, what did you do to grow them
如果这样的话, 你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
① if so意为“如果是这样的话”, 是if引导的
条件状语从句的省略形式, 表示肯定意
义, 如果表示否定意义, 则用 if not。
② if 构成的其他省略形式：
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
【语境应用】完成句子
1) ___________(如果不行的话), do let me know what time suits you best.
2) ___________(如果这样的话), our earth will become a more beautiful home.
If not
If so
2. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
倍数表达法：
A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋（由某些形容词变化而来的）n.＋of＋B
【语境应用】单句填空
1) I’m not going out with a man who’s twice as old ______ me.
2) My house is three times bigger ______ yours.
3) Your playground is 900 metres wide, three times the size ______ ours.
as
than
of
一、动词-ing形式作主语
★ 动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Reading aloud is very important for
us to learn a foreign language.
Going to bed early and getting up
early is considered to be a good habit.
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
★ 在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。
e.g. It is very important remembering
others’ names.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
★ 有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。有此用法的动词有：allow, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, mention, permit, practice, quit, risk, suggest等。
e.g. My mother advised asking a doctor to come and examine my eyes.
We’re considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.
★ 有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有所不同。这些动词是：remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean等。
e.g. I remember meeting her at a party
once.
I want to try playing soccer this spring.
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
mean to do sth. 想要做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着
try to do sth. 努力要做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做了某事
★ 动词-ing形式用在动词need, want, require等后表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式或者用不定式的被动式表示被动意义。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning.
= The carpet really wants to be cleaned.
★ 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。要特别注意：
be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的to都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。
e.g. My father is used to going to bed late
and getting up very early.
I’m looking forward to receiving
your reply.
3. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _________ (work) with students. (2016 浙江)
working
2. _________ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
(2018 北京)
Traveling
1. _________ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. (2019 天津)
Learning
Ⅰ. 课文语法填空
Yuan Longping, one of China’s most famous scientists. He grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1953 1.________ Yuan Longping graduated from college, hunger was a 2.__________(disturb) problem in many parts of the countryside. He wanted to increase rice harvests without 3._________(expend) the area of the fields. In 1973, a special strain of rice made 4.________ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
when
disturbing
expanding
it
He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 5._________ (grow) rice that has a high output. He has also circulated his knowledge in some other countries. Thank 6._______ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of 7._______ (hungry). Yuan Longping is quite 8.________ (satisfy) with his life. But he would like to have more 9._______ (free) to do his research. Yuan Longping has another dream: to export his rice so that it can 10._________ (grow) around the globe.
to grow
to
hunger
satisfied
freedom
be grown
Ⅱ. 课文短文改错
Over the past half century, use chemical
fertilizers has become very common in
farming. Many farmers welcomed them a
great way to stop crop disease and increase
product.
as
production
using
Recently, however, scientists have been finding
that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause
of damage to the land and, even more
dangerous, to people’s healthy. With these
discovery, some farmers and many customers
are beginning to turn on organic farming,
health
discoveries
to
that is simply farming without using some
chemicals. There are much different
organic farming methods. All of them have the
same goal: to grow good food and avoid
damage the environment or people’s health.
any
many
damaging
Ⅲ. 用本单元词汇和句式完成句子。
1. 卧室是厨房的两倍大。
2. 父亲对吉姆的学业很不满意。
3. 多亏了史密斯大夫，我现在又能走路了。
The bedroom is twice as big as the kitchen.
Father is not satisfied with Jim’s school work.
Thanks to Dr Smith, I can walk around again now.
4. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
5. 我太累了，不能集中精神了。
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
I am too tired to focus on anything.
如何写英文海报
【写作任务】
假设你是某外国语学校学生会主席李华。为了让同学们养成良好的卫生习惯，你校特邀请清华大学医学院教授做一场医学知识讲座。请你根据以下要点写一份海报。
1. 讲座的目的；
2. 讲座的时间、地点、内容；
3. 鼓励同学们积极参与。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一则英文海报，号召同学们积极参加医学讲座。海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种应用文体，它的使用场合非常广泛，包括活动宣传、招聘广告等。海报要求用最简短的文字包含尽可能多的信息，语言力求准确、简明，要有感染力，但还要真实客观，不可夸大其词。
海报通常包括标题、正文和结尾三部分：
1. 标题：用简洁、引人注目的语言概括要宣传的主要内容，也可以直接用号召性的语句，还可以添加副标题，对海报的内容加以说明。
2. 正文：海报正文没有硬性规定的格式，可以根据海报的内容灵活安排。
★写活动宣传的海报时，可以先介绍要宣传的
活动，再写活动的时间、地点、目的、活动安排以及主办单位等。
★写招聘广告的海报时，先介绍要招聘的职
位，然后写对求职者的要求等。
3. 结尾：要写明海报发布者以及时间（可省略）。
二、谋篇布局
针对本篇习作而言，我们可分为以下几个部分来写：
标题：即将举行医学讲座。
正文：1. 讲座的目的；
2. 讲座的时间、地点、内容；
3. 鼓励同学们积极参与。
结尾：海报发布者及时间（可省去）。
【范文展示】
A medical lecture given by a professor
To help us students acquire some medical knowledge, there is going to be a lecture given by a professor of Tsinghua University.
The lecture will be held in our school
lecture hall on the afternoon of May 13. It will last one hour and a half and is about how to stay away from the virus and develop good habits. Those who are interested in the lecture are required to attend it on time.
Twenty minutes will be left at the end for you to consult with the professor about any
medical problems.
Everyone is welcome and we hope you
can benefit from it.
Student Council