人教新课标必修三：Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars课件（86张ppt）

(共83张PPT)
Unit 4
Astronomy: the science of the stars
高一必修 3
1. __________ n. 系统; 体系; 制度
2. __________ n. 学说; 理论
3. __________ n. 大气层; 气氛
4. __________ prep. 与……不同; 不像
5. __________ n. 链子; 连锁; 锁链
system　
theory
atmosphere　
unlike
chain
6. _________ n. 气候
7. ________ vi. & vt. 碰撞; 坠落
8. ________ n. & vt. 拉(力); 拖; 牵引力
9. ________ vi. & vt. (使)浮动; (使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
10. ________ adv. 因此，于是
11. ________ n. 球体；地球仪；地球
12. ___________ adj. 基本的；基础的
climate　
crash　
pull　
float　
thus
globe
fundamental
13. multiply vi. & vt. ____________
14. physicist n. ____________
15. gravity n. _______________
乘；相加
物理学家
重力；万有引力　
16. _________ adj. 猛烈的; 激烈的; 强暴的
_________ n. 暴力
17. _________ adj. 有害的
_________ n. 伤害; 害处
18. _________ vi. 存在; 生存
_________ n. 存在; 生存
violent　
violence　
harmful　
harm　
exist　
existence　
19. ________ n. 谜; 难题
vt. & vi. (使)迷惑; (使)为难
_________ adj. 令人迷惑的
_________ adj. 迷惑的
puzzle　
puzzling　
puzzled　
1. 及时; 终于 _________________
2. 下蛋 _________________
3. 产生; 分娩 _________________
4. 轮到某人; 接着 ________________
5. 阻止; 制止 _________________
in time　
lay eggs　
give birth to　
in one’s turn　
prevent … from
6. 感到高兴; 感到振奋 ________________
7. 既然 ________________
8. 突发; 爆发 ________________
9. 密切注视; 当心; 提防 ________________
10. 挡住(光线) ________________
cheer up　
now that　
break out
watch out for
block out
1. No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.
没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的, 因为在很早以前它就形成了。
as引导的从句表示原因。
2. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
make it +adj./n. for sb. /sth. to do sth.
3. ..., I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
… , 我发觉我被送出去很远, 步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍, 因而我摔倒了。
times as...as... 是……的几倍
1. 后缀-ist名词荟萃
① biologist 生物学家
② tourist 旅游者；游客
③ physicist 物理学家
④ scientist 科学家
⑤ psychologist 心理学家
2.“动词+out”构成介词短语
① block out 挡住（光线）
② break out 突发；爆发
③ watch out 密切注意；当心；提防
④ turn out 结果是；证明是
⑤ bring out 生产；阐明
⑥ give out 分发；释放
与太空探索相关的语块
space flight 太空飞行
spatial concept 空间概念
manned / unmanned spacecraft
载人 / 无人飞船
International Space Station 国际空间站
space suits 太空服
man-made satellite 人造卫星
communications satellite 通讯卫星
weather / meteorological satellite 气象卫星
outer / deep space 外太空
orbit the earth 绕地球飞行
space shuttle 航天飞机
China National Space Administration
中国国家航天局
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国国家航空航天局
in the universe 在宇宙中
soar into the sky 冲向天空
feel the gravity 感受到重力
explore the mysteries of the universe
探索宇宙的奥秘
specialize in astronomy 专攻天文学
send a spacecraft to the moon
向月球发射飞船
We don't know when the universe came into being.
我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。
That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
这是我个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。
This was the start of a new age of space travel.
这是太空旅行新时代的开端。
The world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.
我们这个世界依然只处于太空旅行的初级阶段。
1. harmful adj. 有害的
harm n. 伤害, 损害
【教材原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性特质溶解在海洋里。
【归纳】
be harmful to 对……有害
do harm to sb. 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事没有什么坏处
do more harm than good 弊大于利
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) As we all know, a bad eating habit is
___________ (harm) to one’s health.
2) As far I’m concerned, there is no harm
__________ making an apology to him first.
3) Light pollution does harm __________ the
eyesight of animals.
harmful　
in　
to　
一句多译。
有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，
这对他们的健康非常有害。
4) Some boys are too crazy about playing games
on the computer,
___________________________________.
5) Some boys are too crazy about playing games
on the computer, and
____________________________________.
which is very harmful to their health　
it does great harm to their health　
2. exist vi. 存在; 生存
【教材原句】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
【归纳】
exist on 靠……为生
exist by 以……方式为生
exist in 存在于……之中
There exists/existed... 某地有……; 存在
【拓展】
existing adj. 现有的，现存的
existence n. 存在; 生存
come into existence 产生; 成立; 开始存在
in existence 存在
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our ___________ (exist)
2) This new country _________________ in 1951. 这个新国家诞生于1951年。
3) There ______ (exist) a good way to solve the problem at present.
4) The old man became seriously ill, he has only existed ______ milk ever since.
came into existence
existence
exists
on
3. puzzle vt. 使迷惑; 使为难; 使窘困; 感到
迷惑
n. (游戏的)猜谜; 难题; 谜
【教材原句】How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球上的生命是如何开始的，科学家发现很难解释这个最大的难题。
【归纳】
puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索; 仔细琢磨
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
be puzzled by… 被……迷惑
【拓展】
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰
事物)
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) He was trying to _____________ why he
had been brought to the house.
他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。
2) _____________________________ was that they could not find the cause of the disease.
使医生最困惑的是他们找不到致病的原因。
3) Furthermore, when you meet with some ________ (puzzle) questions, don’t hesitate to turn to me. (2017 全国卷I)
puzzle out　
What puzzled the doctors most
puzzling
4) I’m _____________ as to what to do next.
对于下一步该做什么我不知道。
5) Where the missing plane has gone still
remains _____________ us.
失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。
单句语法填空。
6) The ___________ look on her face suggested she was ____________ over the ____________ maths problem. (puzzle)
in a puzzle　
a puzzle to　
puzzled　
puzzling　
puzzling　
4. pull n.& vt. 拉(力); 拖; 牵引力
【教材原句】As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
【归纳】含pull短语
pull apart 拆卸; 拆散
pull away (车辆等) 开走
pull down 拆毁; 摧毁 (建筑物)
pull in (车辆) 进站; 停靠
pull out 拔出；驶出; 退出
pull through 康复, 痊愈
pull up 停车
pull over (机动车辆等)停靠(在路边)
【助学巧记】
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Larry ______________, set the brake and
got hold of the fire extinguisher (灭火器)．
拉里停下车，将车设为制动状态并抓起灭
火器开始灭火。
2) I now regularly _____________ my phone
to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo.
现在我会定期拿出手机核查事实，看录像
及读微博。
pulled over　
pulled out　
3) The police car signaled to us to
__________.
警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。
4) They are _______________ those houses to
make room for a new hotel.
为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房
屋。
5) Everyone was very concerned whether he
would _______________ or not.
每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。
pull in　
pulling down　
pull through　
1. in time 及时; 终于; 总有一天
【教材原句】They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
【拓展】含time短语
in no time 立刻; 马上
ahead of time 提前
at a time 每次; 逐一
at one time 曾经；一度
at times 有时; 间或
all the time 一直, 始终
from time to time 有时; 偶尔
in no time 立刻；马上
at no time 绝不
time and time again 一次又一次；一再
take one’s time 别着急；慢慢来
kill time 消磨时间
【语境应用】用含time的短语的正确形式填空。
I’m just so glad that I was there _______ to help my son. (2018 全国卷Ⅱ)
2) If the train is ________, it should arrive at
three o’clock exactly.
3) We got to the hospital just ________ to see
the newborn baby.
4) With five hungry children seated round
the table, the food disappeared _________.
in time
on time
in time
in no time
2. in one’s turn 轮到某人; 接着
【教材原句】Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
【拓展】
in turn 轮流; 依次; 逐个
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事
It turns/ turned out that… 结果……
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) All theories are from practice and
__________ serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践，并转而为实践
服务。
2) When _________________, I am too excited
to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动地说不出话来。
3) I think _______________ to drive the kids to
school this week.
我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。
in turn　
it’s in my turn　
it’s my turn　
4) The young parents had to _____________
to look after their sick baby.
这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病
的样子。
5) ___________________ this young man was
none other than the old man’s son.
结果这位年轻人竟然正是这个老人的儿子。
take turns　
It turned out that　
3. cheer up 感到高兴; 感到振奋
【教材原句】I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
【拓展】
cheer sb. on (赛跑/比赛等中)以喝彩声
鼓励, 为(某人)加油
cheer for... 为……欢呼
Cheers! (用于祝酒)干杯!
cheering adj. 鼓舞人心的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) When I’m feeling sad, my mother tells me
funny stories to _________ me ______.
当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。
2) Cathy didn’t expect any award but was
still there to ___________ her friends and
praise their accomplishments.
凯西没有期待任何奖项，但仍然在那里为
朋友的成就鼓劲加油。
cheer up　
cheer on　
4. break out (战争/火灾/疾病等)突发; 爆发
【教材原句】We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇的看着随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
【拓展】含break短语
break away from 突然挣脱; 逃脱
break down 出故障; 垮掉
break in 强行进入; 打断
break into sth. 突然开始
break off 断开; 中断
break through 取得突破
break up 结束，解散，分手
【语境应用】用含break的短语填空。
1) We are sorry to arrive late, but the car
______________.
2) Her friends came to help her when the
war ___________. (2017 浙江)
3) We had to ____________ the house
as we had lost the key.
4) He ___________ the chocolate and
gave each child a small piece.
break down
broke out
break into
broke up
5) They were arguing but ______________
when someone came into the room.
6) Does everyone know what to do if a fire
_____________
broke off
breaks out
1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
【点拨】it是形式宾语, 真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。it作形式宾语时常用在find/ make/ think/ consider+it +adj./n.+to do结构中。
it作形式宾语, 除指代不定式结构外, 还可指代that引导的宾语从句。如：
They made it clear to the public that they
did an important and necessary job.
1) 这么坏的天气, 我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。
We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.
2) 他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。
He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.
【语境应用】仿写
2. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，” 我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that引导原因状语从句, “既然, 由于”, 相当于since, 而且that可省略。
能引导原因状语从句的连词还有as，for，since，because这些连词包括now that在内后常接从句。而because of，due to，owing to都是介词短语，后面只能接名词或代词。
【语境应用】 完成下面句子。
1) 既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。
___________________________________,
you’d better have a rest.
2) 饭准备好了，洗手去吧。
________________________, wash your
hands.
Now (that) you have finished your work
Now (that) dinner is ready
本句中的twice as ...as ...表示“是……的几
倍”，该句型中的twice也可用half, one
third等词，表示“是……的一半/几分之几”。
3. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over．
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
【拓展】
有关倍数的表达方式还有：
① 倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as ...
② 倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than ...
③ 倍数+the+名词+of ... 在这个结构中，常用的名词有size, height, weight, length, width等。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) The new stadium built for the 2022 Beijing
& Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics will be _____________________ the present one.
为2022年北京&张家口冬季奥运会建设的新体育场将是现在的三倍大。
2) Paper produced every year is _________________________ the world’s production of vehicles.
每年生产的纸张是全世界汽车生产重量的三倍。
three times as big as　
three times the weight of　
一句多译。
正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的三倍高。
The teaching building being built now
________________________ that one.
The teaching building being built now
__________________________ that one.
The teaching building being built now
___________________________ that one.
is three times as high as　
is three times higher than　
is three times the height of　
复合句中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
【要点精讲】
引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：
Whether you can do it by yourself mainly depends on your ability, not your age.
What I need most now is more time and more patience.
When you can finish the work is of great importance.
主语从句
that引导主语从句时，在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。如：
That the teacher will come is certain.
It is a pity (that) you made such a careless mistake.
常见由it作形式主语的句型如下：
① It+be+ n.+从句。常见名词有：fact, rule, pleasure, truth, pity等。如：
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
It’s a rule that new members must sing a song.
② It+ be+adj.+从句。常见形容词有：true, important, necessary, clear, certain等。如：
It’s true that the earth is round.
It was important that you rest.
③ It+v.+从句。常用动词：seem, appear, happen, follow等。如：
It seems that I’ve made a mistake.
It appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.
④ It+be+v-ed+主语从句。常用过去分词：known, said, proven, asked, suggested等。如：
It’s well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
It’s said that he was a spy during the war.
如果主语从句置于句首，则不能用if引导，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导。如：
Whether Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.
It was doubtful whether / if Tom really saw Sharon.
1. (2016·北京卷) 24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
2. (2016·江苏卷) 21. It is often the case
_________ anything is possible for those
who hang on to hope.
Whatever
that
3. (2017·北京) Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
whoever
用适当的连接词填空。
It is known 1. _____ homework is an
important part of school life in most
countries around the world. However, 2.
________ homework has a great educational
value is still a debate among teachers. Some
think 3. ______ homework takes too much
time away from other more useful activities.
Others see homework as reinforcing (加强)
school lessons so that 4. ______ students
have learned will not be forgotten.
that
that
whether
what
5. _____ is often ignored in this debate
is the role of parental involvement (参与) and
6. ________ or not the child’s home provides
support for effective (有效的) homework. It
was not clear to some people 7. _____ parental
involvement can influence the effectiveness of
homework. It is true 8. _____ parents in
low-income families don’t have the time to
make homework more important than other
things or aren’t able to afford a computer or
additional books.
how
What
whether
that
However, 9. _____ only middle-class
parents support their children’s education
is quite obviously wrong. Not all rich
parents give the support they should, and
some parents living in the poorest conditions
find time and energy to involve themselves
in their children’s homework.
that
I. 课文语法填空。
The Earth was just a cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”. Then 4.5-3.8 billion years ago it became a(n) solid globe of exploding fire and rock, 1. ________ produced the gases of its atmosphere. As it cooled down water appeared on its surface, making 2. _______ possible for tiny plants to develop and grow there, filling the oceans with oxygen and encouraging the 3. __________ (develop) of other forms of life both in the sea and on land.
it
which
development
4. _________ plants grew into forests, huge dinosaurs developed. But 65 million years ago they disappeared, 5. _________ (allow) mammals to spread. Then 2.6 million years ago small clever mammals with hands and feet began 6. _________ (appear) and became the most important animal on Earth. They are not looking after Earth well, putting too much carbon dioxide 7. ________ the atmosphere,
As
allowing
to appear
into
which prevents heat from 8. _________ (escape)
from the earth into space. 9. _________ life will
continue on the earth for millions of years to
come will depend on whether the problem can
10. __________ (solve).
escaping
Whether
be solved
Ⅱ. 课文短文改错
Last month I was lucky to have a chance to make trip
into space with my friend. Before we left, I was told the
force of gravity would change three time on our journey.
Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we felt
the pull of the earth’s gravity. Gradually, the weight
lessened and then disappear.
times
a
disappeared
We floated weightless in the cabin and I cheered on.
When we reached at the moon, I found walking need a
bit of practice now that gravity changing. Returning to
the earth was frightened. Fire broke up on the outside
of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
Since it was an exhausting trip, I knew much more
about gravity.
changed
frightening
weightlessly
up
out
Although / Though
III. 用本单元的词汇和句式完成句子。
1. 他们的未来取决于他们在这些考试中的表
现。
Their future depends on how well they do in these exams.
2. 火星上有生命吗
Does life exist on Mars
3. 什么也挡不住我们实现自己的目标。
Nothing can prevent us from reaching our
aim.
4. 既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下
吧。
Now that you have finished your work，
you’d better have a rest．
【写作任务】
假如你是某国际学校的学生李华，听说你校最近很多同学每天都熬夜到很晚，这严重影响了他们的学习和生活。请就此问题写一篇英语短文，提出解决办法，并发表在你校英语论坛上。
注意：词数100 左右。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
如何写解决问题的说明文
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一篇短文，就同学们熬夜的问题提出合理解决方法，属于说明文。
二、谋篇布局
本写作任务可分为三部分：
第一部分：指出问题及其危害。
第二部分：提出合理可行的解决办法。
第三部分：希望问题尽快得以解决。
【范文展示】普通范文
I'm sorry to hear that many of us have been
staying up late every night recently as it can be bad for your health. For example, you can feel tired and lack energy. In order to give up this bad habit, you should follow the tips below.
First, finish your homework early in the day, and don't wait until the last minute. Second, go to bed before 10 o'clock every night and don't think about anything before falling
asleep. Last but not least, turn off mobile phones to escape becoming addicted to them before bedtime.
I really hope you can break the habit of staying up late as soon as possible.
高级范文
I'm sorry to hear that many of us have been
staying up late every night recently, as this can be harmful to your health, causing tiredness and lack of energy as well as damaging to your memory. To get rid of this bad habit, you should adopt the following suggestions.
First of all, do your homework as early as
possible, and don't wait until the last minute.
Furthermore, go to bed before 10 o'clock every
night, and don't make yourself too excited before that. Most importantly, shut off your
mobile phones early in order not to make it a habit to play on them before bedtime.
I'm convinced that you all can get back to a
normal schedule before long.