2022年中考英语复习之阅读理解专练（含答案及部分解析）

中考复习之阅读理解专练
（2021·福建·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
In recent years, there have been many films about robots trying to take over the world. Studies show that up to 20 million factory jobs worldwide could be taken by robots in the next 10 years. Some people are worried about what might happen in the future.
On 8th September, 2020, The Guardian published (发表) an article written by a robot called GPT-3. It wrote that "robot" comes from the Greek word for "slave" (奴隶) and humans have nothing to fear from robots, which are only here to help humans. However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy. Where is the robot technology heading Can robots and humans work together
YES — they're here to help humans Robots are created by humans for humans. Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. Although robots might take some people's jobs, they will create new types of work, and they will possibly create more jobs than they take away. Besides, robots' programming could actually make them more trustworthy than humans, because they are not influenced by feelings.
NO — humans should not trust robots Robots are already taking over the world. Jobs that used to be done by human beings are now being taken by robots. Although robots are under our control now, that might not always be the case. An experiment in Switzerland found that some robots had learnt how to lie to each other. With the development of AI (人工智能), robots could start to act in their own interests. Wherever possible, humans should do things themselves.
What's your opinion on this matter
【知识点】发明与创造 (Inventions and creations)、细节理解、推理判断、最佳标题、议论文
(1) What language does the word "robot" come from
A．Greek. B．English. C．German. D．French.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It wrote that "robot" comes from the Greek word for "slave" (奴隶) and humans have nothing to fear from robots, which are only here to help humans. 它写道，“机器人”一词来自希腊语，意为“奴隶”，人类无需害怕机器人，机器人只是来帮助人类的。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) When learning that GPT-3 could write an article, some people feel _____.
A．angry B．excited C．nervous D．relaxed
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：However, the fact that a robot could write such an article has made some people feel even more uneasy. 然而，机器人能写这样一篇文章的事实让一些人感到更加不安。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) What advantage of robots is mentioned in the text
A．Acting in their own interests. B．Developing filming technology.
C．Working with different feelings. D．Doing unsafe work for humans.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Robots take on jobs that are too dangerous for people to do by themselves. 机器人承担人类做起来太危险的工作。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) What can we learn from the text
A．GPT-3 will take over the world.
B．Some robots have learnt how to be lazy.
C．Robots are still under the control of humans now.
D．20 million people fear that they will lose their jobs.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Some people are worried about what might happen in the future. 有些人担心未来会发生什么。结合全文可知，机器人掌管世界在目前只是人们的担忧，目前机器人还是在人类的控制中的。
因此，正确答案是C。
(5) What would be the best title for the text
A．Will Robots Become Creative
B．Should Humans Trust Robots
C．Will Robots Do Harm to Humans
D．Should Humans Do Things Themselves
【答案】B
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。此文讲述了机器人以及人们对机器人的两种不同的观点——机器人可信，机器人不可信。
因此，正确答案是B。
（2021·贵州毕节市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Naomi was thinking about her vacation report. She visited her friend, Grace and got some ideas.
"What should I write about " she thought again on her way home. Near a shrine (圣地), she found a beautiful bird singing on a big stone. She looked at the stone and saw some letters on it. "What is this stone for " she wondered. Naomi talked about the stone to her grandpa. "That is a stone monument which has a long history," her grandpa said. Naomi also told her grandpa about her report. "I think it is a good idea to write about it. Go and visit my friend Sam," said Naomi's grandpa.
The next day, Naomi went to see Sam. "__▲__ We have more stone monuments around here. The one you saw was built about two hundred years ago. People around here thought that trees had souls (灵魂). But they had to cut and use the trees for their own lives. They made the stone monuments to thank the trees," Sam said. "We should live with nature. However, we sometimes forget that important thing. When we see the stone monuments, we can remember that," Sam said.
"This is a part of our local culture, and young people like me have to learn about this," Naomi thought.
The new term started. "Your report is great. You worked hard to write it," Naomi's teacher said. The teacher's words made Naomi so happy. Passing the stone again, Naomi said to the bird, "Thank you for telling me."
【知识点】其他人 (Other people)、细节理解、猜测词义、推理判断、主旨大意、记叙文
(1) What was Naomi worrying about during the summer vacation
A．Her grandpa. B．Her trip. C．Her health. D．Her report.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Naomi was thinking about her vacation report. Naomi正在想她的假期报告。
因此，正确答案是D。
(2) What does the underlined word "monument" mean in Chinese
A．时刻 B．运动 C．礼物 D．纪念碑
【答案】D
【解析】此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：That is a stone monument which has a long history. 那是一座历史悠久的石碑。由stone可推知monument的意思是“纪念碑”。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) Which of the following can be put in "__▲__"
A．I'm sorry you don't like the monument.
B．I don't think you want to know about it.
C．I am glad you are interested in the monument.
D．I'm sure you'll invite me to dinner.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：We have more stone monuments around here. The one you saw was built about two hundred years ago. People around here thought that trees had souls (灵魂). But they had to cut and use the trees for their own lives. They made the stone monuments to thank the trees," Sam said. "We should live with nature. Sam说：“我们这附近有更多的纪念碑。你看到的那座是大约两百年前建造的。这里的人们认为树有灵魂。但他们为了生存不得不砍伐使用树木。他们建造纪念碑是为了感谢树木，我们应该与自然共存”。由此可知，选项C“我很高兴你们对纪念碑感兴趣”符合语境。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．People there thought that trees had souls.
B．They made the monuments to thank the trees.
C．They built the monuments for people to remember the trees.
D．They built the monuments for the birds to sing on.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：People around here thought that trees had souls (灵魂). But they had to cut and use the trees for their own lives. They made the stone monuments to thank the trees," Sam said. "We should live with nature. However, we sometimes forget that important thing. When we see the stone monuments, we can remember that," Sam said. 这里的人认为树是有灵魂的。但他们不得不为了生存砍伐使用树木。他们用石头建造纪念碑来感谢树木。Sam说：“我们应该与自然共存。然而，我们有时会忘记那件重要的事。当我们看到这些石碑时，我们会记得”。
因此，正确答案是D。
(5) What does the story mainly tell us
A．It tells us how Naomi worked for her report.
B．It tells us how Naomi found the monument.
C．It tells us how Naomi visited Sam.
D．It tells us how Naomi found the bird.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：全文。Naomi在想她的假期报告，并得到了一些想法，之后Naomi围绕报告主题找到纪念碑并完成自己的报告，故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·江苏扬州市·真题）阅读短文，完成后面题目。
Reading is fun! You can also analyze texts (文本) to learn more from the texts and about the texts. One way you can do this with fiction books, passages, or poems is by exploring their themes.
A theme is a central idea running throughout the text, connecting the characters and events. The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme. Themes can be ideas like friendship, bravery, love, honesty or family. Make sure you know what the writer is saying.
Sometimes, themes are hard to find out. First, the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above. There may also be more than one theme in the text. What's more, some themes are not presented in the words directly. You have to use clues in the texts to find them.
To start exploring the theme, first you need to make sure you've read the whole text. Since themes develop over time, you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text. Then, ask yourself to sum up (概括) the text and try to work out a "big idea". For example, did many characters resolve problems with their families If there was only one small problem with a character's family, then "family" might not be the theme of the text. Finally, after finding out a "big idea", go through the text to find examples that support this idea. You needn't repeat every detail of the story—a few key examples will be fine.
Now you are ready to explore the theme of a text!
Exploring the _____ of a text
Main points Detailed information
_____ is a theme ● A theme is a _____ idea that connects the characters and events. ● The _____ thoughts are possibly expressed through the theme.
Why is it _____ to find the theme ●You might not _____ the theme in just one word. ●There may also be more than one theme in the text. ● Some themes are not presented in a _____ way.
How can you explore the theme ●Read the text till the _____ to fully understand the themes. ●Work out a "big idea" of the text by summing up the text. ●Find some key examples to _____ the "big idea". It's not _____ to repeat every detail.
【知识点】学习策略 (Learning strategies)、说明文
【答案】theme
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：One way you can do this with fiction books, passages, or poems is by exploring their themes. 对于小说、段落或诗歌，你可以做到的方法就是探索它们的主题。theme 主题，可数名词，根据空格后的a text可知用单数名词。
因此，正确答案是theme。
【答案】What
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：A theme is a central idea running throughout the text, connecting the characters and events. 主题是贯穿全文的中心思想，连接着人物和事件。由此可知本栏主要叙述什么是主题。
因此，正确答案是What。
【答案】central
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：A theme is a central idea running throughout the text, connecting the characters and events. 主题是贯穿全文的中心思想，连接着人物和事件。
因此，正确答案是central。
【答案】writer's
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出：The writer may express his or her thoughts about humanity or a worldview through a theme, Themes can be ideas like friendship, bravery, love, honesty or family. 作者可以通过一个主题来表达他或她关于人性或世界观的想法，主题可以是像友谊、勇敢 、爱、诚实或家庭这样的想法。writer 作者，名词，此处用名词所有格修饰名词thoughts。
因此，正确答案是writer's。
【答案】hard；difficult
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Sometimes, themes are hard to find out. 有时候，主题很难找到。hard/difficult 困难的，形容词，作表语。
因此，正确答案是hard或difficult。
【答案】include
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：First, the theme may not be able to be included in just one word like the examples above. 首先，主题可能不能像上面的例子那样只用一个词就包含了。include 包含，动词，情态动词might后用动词原形。
因此，正确答案是include。
【答案】direct
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：What's more, some themes are not presented in the words directly. 更重要的是，有些主题并不是直接用语言表达出来的。direct 直接的，形容词，修饰名词way。
因此，正确答案是direct。
【答案】end
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Since themes develop over time, you can't fully understand the underlying themes until the end of the text. 因为主题是随着时间发展的，你不能完全理解潜在的主题，直到文本的结尾。
因此，正确答案是end。
【答案】support
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Finally, after finding out a "big idea", go through the text to find examples that support this idea. 最后，在找到一个“大想法”后，浏览文章，找到支持这个想法的例子。support 支持，动词，to后接动词原形构成不定式，作后置定语。
因此，正确答案是support。
【答案】necessary
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：You needn't repeat every detail of the story—a few key examples will be fine. 你不必重复故事的每一个细节——几个关键的例子就可以了。necessary 必要的，形容词，在be动词后作表语；It's not necessary to do sth. 没必要做某事。
因此，正确答案是necessary。
（2021·四川绵阳市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Habits and field paths (小径) are formed in the same way: by repetition. Villagers, as a rule, do not purposefully make a foot path to the next village. They just go the shortest or easiest way over the fields. Day after day, people go and come the same way. Their feet beat the earth hard. By their repeated walking in the same direction a path is made. Similarly, the more often we do anything in the same way or at the same time, the more we shall do it that way. At last a habit is formed.
Usually it is much easier to form bad habits than good habits. The reason is simple—we are just lazy. For example, it is easier to lie in bed on a cold morning than to get up early. It is easier to put off today's duties to tomorrow than to do them at the right time.
Bad habits are not formed in a day, and it is the same with good habits. The forming of good habits needs time and calls for effort and hard work at first; but every time we do the right thing, it makes doing the same thing next time much easier. It's really hard to get up early on a cold winter morning for the first time. However, if you keep doing it every day for some time, it will become "a piece of cake" in the end. At last, we form the good habit, which would be hard to break even if we wanted to break it.
Get into the habit of early rising, and you will not want to lie in bed like a lazybone. Get into the habit of telling the truth, and you will find it really hard to tell a lie. Get into the habit of doing today's work today, and you will feel uncomfortable if you have to put anything off till tomorrow.
【知识点】习惯 (Habits)、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、最佳标题、说明文
(1) Why is foot-path making mentioned repeatedly
A．To lead in the topic.
B．To draw a picture of country life.
C．To ask people to go back to nature.
D．To compare habits with field paths.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Habits and field paths (小径) are formed in the same way: by repetition. 习惯和田野小径的形成方式是一样的：通过重复。Similarly, the more often we do anything in the same way or at the same time, the more we shall do it that way. At last a habit is formed. 同样地，我们越经常以同样的方式或同时做一件事，我们就越会这样做。最后一种习惯形成了。步道的形成被反复提到是为了引出主题——习惯的形成。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) What question is answered in Paragraph 2
A．How are bad habits formed
B．Why are good habits harder to form
C．Why is it easier to develop bad habits
D．How are bad habits different from good ones
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Usually it is much easier to form bad habits than good habits. The reason is simple—we are just lazy. 通常，养成坏习惯比养成好习惯容易得多。原因很简单——我们只是懒惰。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) What's the most important to form good habits
A．Getting up early on a cold winter morning.
B．Doing the right thing and making it easier.
C．Working hard first and taking it easy gradually.
D．Getting started and keeping doing it for some time.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Bad habits are not formed in a day, and it is the same with good habits. The forming of good habits needs time and calls for effort and hard work at first; but every time we do the right thing, it makes doing the same thing next time much easier. 坏习惯不是一朝一夕养成的，好习惯也是如此。良好习惯的养成需要时间，一开始需要努力；但每次我们做对的事，下次做同样的事就容易多了。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Formed good habits are here to stay.
B．It is not right for anyone to tell a lie.
C．Lazybones have no future in their lives.
D．Never put things of today off to tomorrow.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：Get into the habit of early rising, and you will not want to lie in bed like a lazybone. Get into the habit of telling the truth, and you will find it really hard to tell a lie. Get into the habit of doing today's work today, and you will feel uncomfortable if you have to put anything off till tomorrow. 养成早起的习惯，你就不会像懒骨头一样躺在床上了。养成了说真话的习惯，你就会发现说实话真的很难。养成今天做今天的工作的习惯，如果你不得不把任何事情推迟到明天，你会感到不舒服。由此可知，第四段讲述的是养成的好习惯会一直存在。
因此，正确答案是A。
(5) What would be a good title for this passage
A．How Habits Are Formed
B．How Habits Shape People's Life
C．Connections Between Habits and Paths
D．Differences Between Good and Bad Habits
【答案】A
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。此文介绍了如何养成好习惯——重复去做好的事情。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·江苏泰州市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter.
One piece of advice really caught my attention and, I must say, made me feel quite angry. In the writer's opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. If the foreigner doesn't want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn't want to spend time with anyway. I think this advice is not only incorrect, but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.
Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China, I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar (熟悉的) ways. However, I simply accept as part of being here. So far my time in China has been rewarding. I have improved my Chinese language skills, learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.
However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English. I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face, insisting that I help them with the English translation. I have had people asking me non-stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner...
Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company (陪伴) they really enjoy. So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities. Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. _____ If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English, then you will probably find that you don't have a foreign friend for long.
【知识点】人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)、细节理解、推理判断、记叙文
(1) Where is the writer of this passage from
A．America. B．China. C．Canada. D．England.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. 作为一个在中国生活了一年的加拿大人，我很想知道中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book How to make friends with foreigners
A．Because he wants to have some more close Chinese friends.
B．Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills.
C．Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.
D．Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer's advice on this topic.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Just the other day, I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners. As a Canadian living in China for a year, I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer was giving on this matter. 就在前几天，我在一家书店里发现了一本书，名叫《如何与外国人交朋友》。作为一个在中国生活了一年的加拿大人，我很想知道中国作家在这个问题上给出了什么样的建议。
因此，正确答案是D。
(3) According to the writer of the book How to make friends with foreigners, _____.
A．his advice may make foreigners angry
B．it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions
C．you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with
D．don't waste time on a foreigner who doesn't answer your questions
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：In the writer's opinion, foreigners are an "opportunity (机会)" to improve your oral English; whenever you see a foreigner, American or English, you should practise speaking English with him or her. 在作者看来，外国人是一个提高你的英语口语的“机会”；每当你看到外国人，无论是美国人还是英国人，你都应该和他或她练习说英语。If the foreigner doesn't want to answer your questions, then he or she is a rude person who you wouldn't want to spend time with anyway. 如果外国人不想回答你的问题，那么他/她就是一个粗鲁的人，你无论如何也不想和他/她在一起。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) In the fourth paragraph, the writer uses "I have had..." three times, because _____.
A．he had no better sentences to express his ideas
B．he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese
C．he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an "opportunity"
D．he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times
【答案】C
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：However, I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English. 然而，我也遇到了很多中国人，他们把我看作是提高英语口语的“机会”。So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners, I would say that it is this: Treat foreigners as people, not opportunities 因此，如果有任何关于与外国人建立和保持友谊的建议，我想说的是：将外国人视为人，而不是机会。
因此，正确答案是C。
(5) Which sentence may be the best to fill in the "_____" in the last paragraph
A．True friendships stand (经得起) the test of time.
B．Learn about different cultures to make real friends.
C．Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.
D．There's real friendship between people from different countries.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Expect to make friendships step by step, over a period of time, not in a rush. 希望在一段时间内逐步建立友谊，而不是匆忙地建立。由此可知填“真正的友谊经得起时间考验”。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·湖南郴州市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Computers, smartphones, and other machines are the perfect servants. They always do what they are "told". We usually "tell" them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do
This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Star Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands (命令). The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts' spaceship.
On the other hand, real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software (软件). They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms and playing music and so on.
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we're on the go. When you're driving a car or walking down the street, it's not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.
Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to "listen" to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.
【知识点】科学技术 (Science and technology)、细节理解、推理判断、说明文
(1) According to Paragraph 1, how do we usually control machines in daily life
A．By using body language. B．By talking to them.
C．By using a mouse or keyboard.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：They always do what they are "told". We usually "tell" them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. 它们总是做别人“告知”的事。我们通常用鼠标或键盘“告诉”它们做事。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) When was voice recognition first shown in films and TV shows
A．In the 1980s. B．In the 1970s. C．In the 1960s.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. 这种技术被称为语音控制或语音识别，自20世纪60年代以来一直在电影和电视剧中出现。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car
A．It helps you to focus on what you are doing.
B．It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.
C．It can control your car for a short while.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Voice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you're doing at the moment while still doing other tasks. 语音识别可以让你专注于此刻正在做的任何事情，同时还能完成其他任务。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) In the last paragraph, what can we infer about the speech recognition software
A．It can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into Chinese.
B．It can turn text into spoken words for the blind.
C．It can help you do anything that you want to do.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to "listen" to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language. 语音识别软件对聋人也有帮助。它可以用来“听”口语单词，并将其转化为聋人可以阅读的文本。一些语音识别软件甚至可以听到用一种语言说的单词，然后把它们翻译成另一种语言。由此可推断语音识别软件可以听到用英语说的单词，然后把它们翻译成中文。
因此，正确答案是A。
(5) Where do you probably read the passage
A．In a movie ad. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sports magazine.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts' spaceship. 电影《2001年：太空漫游》展示了一台人类宇航员可以与之对话的计算机。它主要用于下棋和修理宇航员的宇宙飞船。由此可知在一本科学杂志上可以读到这篇文章。
因此，正确答案是B。
（2021·贵州安顺市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Most children are taught the virtue (美德) of honesty from stories. The well-known story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer and longer. Another story is about the boy who "cried wolf." In the end, he loses all his sheep and the trust of his fellow villagers because he tells lies many times. These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best policy." Still, if this is the case, then why do so many people lie The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to minimize (减少) a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their errors (错误) because they are afraid they will be blamed. For example, students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the work at home when, in fact, they did not do the work at all. These students do not want to get in trouble or seem irresponsible, so they make up an excuse—a lie—to save face.
Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection. Parents, particularly those with young children, may teach their children to use this type of "protective" lie in certain circumstances (状况). What should children do if a stranger calls while the parents are out Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation, protective lying can mean greater safety.
People lie for many reasons, both good and bad. Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse (冲动) to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
【知识点】生活态度 (Life attitude)、细节理解、篇章结构、最佳标题、议论文
(1) What does the underlined word "this" refer to in the passage
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．The well-known story of Pinocchio.
C．The story of the boy who "cried wolf".
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：These types of stories show children that "honesty is the best policy." Still, if this is the case, then why do so many people lie 这些类型的故事向孩子们表明“诚实是最好的为人之道。”但是，如果是这样的话，那么为什么还有这么多人撒谎呢？由此可知此处“this”指代的是“Honesty is the best policy.”。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) Why do some children lie to their teachers
A．Because they like making up an excuse.
B．Because they have left the homework at home.
C．Because they are afraid to be blamed at school.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their errors (错误) because they are afraid they will be blamed. For example, students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the work at home when, in fact, they did not do the work at all. These students do not want to get in trouble or seem irresponsible, so they make up an excuse—a lie—to save face. 而这是真的，每个人都会时不时地做错事是事实，有些人没有勇气承认他们的错误，因为他们害怕他们会被指责。例如，学生可能会就未完成的作业向老师撒谎。他们可能会说，他们把作业落在家里了，事实上当时他们根本就没有做作业。这些学生不想惹麻烦或显得不负责任，所以他们编造一个借口——谎言——来挽回面子。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) How does the writer explain why people tell lies
A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By showing the results.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time, some people do not have the courage to admit their errors (错误) because they are afraid they will be blamed. For example, students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the work at home when, in fact, they did not do the work at all. These students do not want to get in trouble or seem irresponsible, so they make up an excuse—a lie—to save face. 而这是真的，每个人都会时不时地做错事是事实，有些人没有勇气承认他们的错误，因为他们害怕他们会被指责。例如，学生可能会就未完成的作业向老师撒谎。他们可能会说，他们把作业落在家里了，事实上当时他们根本就没有做作业。这些学生不想惹麻烦或显得不负责任，所以他们编造一个借口——谎言——来挽回面子。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) What is the correct structure of the passage (P1=paragraph 1)
A． B．
C．
【答案】A
【解析】此题是文章结构题。结合文章内容可知，文章第一段开启话题：为什么人们被教导要诚实，但是还会说谎话。第二、三段分别解释人们说谎的原因。第四段进行总结，告诉读者要少说谎。故选A。
因此，正确答案是A。
(5) What's the best title for the passage
A．The Truth behind Lying B．The Types of Lies
C．The Habit of Lying
【答案】A
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要谈论人们为什么说谎及说谎的原因。故最佳标题是“The Truth behind Lying 谎言背后的真相”。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·湖南邵阳市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Mrs. Luo is a teacher. She asked her students to hand in their homework through a QR code (二维码). "When students finish the homework, they keep it on WeChat. So I can check their homework everywhere using my computer or mobile phone," said Luo.
Most students like the new way and think it is interesting. "We are living in the information age. Many students like to work with computers, which makes learning more fun," said Tingting, a student of Luo's.
"The paper is not easy to keep, but the code is easy to keep and share," Luo said. "It is worth trying to use new technology in education. Education itself is a kind of creation. I don't want my students to fall behind the times."
However, some parents are worried. They are afraid that their children will spend too much time on computers and little time communicating with teachers. But in fact, it is unnecessary. Students still need to ▲ information in books and write it down when they do their homework, which doesn't take them too much time. As for teachers, it allows them to check the students' work at any time. And it is also an easy way to share homework with other students.
【知识点】学校生活 (School life)、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、记叙文
(1) How did Mrs. Luo ask her students to hand in their homework
A．Through e-mail. B．Through the post office.
C．Through a QR code.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：She asked her students to hand in their homework through a QR code (二维码). 她要求学生通过二维码交作业 。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) What do most students think of the new method
A．Interesting. B．Boring. C．Difficult.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Most students like the new way and think it is interesting. 大多数学生喜欢这种新方法，认为它很有趣。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) Mrs. Luo finds the new method can let students _____.
A．hand in homework in time B．improve their study
C．not fall behind times
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Education itself is a kind of creation. I don't want my students to fall behind the times. 教育本身就是一种创造。我不希望我的学生落后于时代。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) Which phrase can be put in the underlined place ▲
A．look out B．look up C．look after
【答案】B
【解析】此题是推理判断题。look out 注意；look up 查阅；look after 照顾；根据空后的“information in books 书中的信息”可知，应用look up，表示“查阅书中的信息”。
因此，正确答案是B。
(5) What does the passage mainly talk about
A．A new way to keep homework and its advantages.
B．A new way to hand in homework and its advantages.
C．A new way to do homework and its advantages.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要通过Luo老师的例子介绍了一种新的交作业方式及其优点。故选B。
因此，正确答案是B。
（2021·浙江宁波市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Have you ever bought something and then changed your mind For Alison Jenson, 15, this used to happen several times a week. Alison was a shopaholic. She just couldn't stop shopping and she loved special offers.
Alison's bedroom is full of stuff. "I've been to every shop in Birmingham, I think," says Alison. She picks up some earrings. The labels are still on them. "These were half price," she says. "I've never worn them." Alison's problem wasn't just jewellery. She also bought a lot of clothes, though not many shoes, because they were usually too expensive. She has also bought lots of other small things一like 20 new covers for her phone. She hasn't used any of them.
According to experts, we all feel excited after we buy something new. For shopaholics, it's a little different. Soon after they buy something, they think they've made a mistake and start to feel unhappy. So they buy themselves something else to feel happier.
Psychologists (心理学家) first described the problems of shopaholics in 1915. However, there was very little research on the subject until recently. Now, doctors think thousands of people suffer from the problem, and the situation is getting worse. There are also more teenage shopaholics now, although most young people don't have enough money to go shopping very regularly.
Alison knew she had a problem. "I often bought something every day. Usually it was something small, but I just needed to buy it," she says. "I spent money that I got for my birthday, and when I was short of cash, I borrowed money from friends or my parents. When I couldn't go shopping, I felt anxious. Then one day, my parents just looked at all the stuff in my room and said, 'This is crazy!' I knew they were right." I needed some big changes in my life.
Alison now gets help with her problem and feels she has changed. She no longer thinks she's a shopaholic. "When I want to buy something in a shop, I ask myself two questions," she says. " Do I need it Can I afford it The answer to both questions is usually 'no', so I walk away. It's great!"
【知识点】麻烦与问题 (Troubles and problems)、细节理解、最佳标题、记叙文
(1) What do experts say about shopaholics
A．Shopaholics feel sad when they are shopping.
B．Shopaholics soon feel unhappy after they have bought something.
C．Shopaholics feel more excited than other people when they shop.
D．Shopping is the only way shopaholics can feel happy.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：According to experts, we all feel excited after we buy something new. For shopaholics, it's a little different. Soon after they buy something, they think they've made a mistake and start to feel unhappy. 专家表示，我们在买了新东西后都会感到兴奋。对于购物狂，这有点不同。在他们买了东西后不久，他们就会认为自己犯了错误，开始感到不快乐。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refers to _____.
A．psychologists B．doctors
C．Alison's parents D．Alison's friends
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Alison knew she had a problem. 艾莉森知道她有问题。Then one day, my parents just looked at all the stuff in my room and said, 'This is crazy!' I knew they were right." 然后有一天，我的父母看着我房间里的所有东西说：“这太疯狂了!” 我知道他们是对的。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) Which word can best describe Alison's feeling at the end of the passage
A．Glad. B．Worried. C．Embarrassed. D．Moved.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：It's great! 这太好了！根据该段可知，艾莉森不再是购物狂了，所以她变得开心了。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) The best title for the passage above might be _____.
A．Shop Till You Drop! B．Shopping Makes Me Happy!
C．You'd Better Shop Less! D．I Can Stop Shopping Now!
【答案】D
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。艾莉森从一个购物狂变得理性购物，故D项是最佳标题。
因此，正确答案是D。
（2021·浙江宁波市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Jason and his father were going to the grocery store by car to pick up some apples. It had been an unusual day. The sky was dark but there were few clouds. As they drove up the street, there started to be a rumbling (隆隆的) sound heard across the ground.
Jason's father immediately realized that a tornado (龙卷风) was coming. He stopped the car and told Jason to get out immediately. Jason and his father got out of the car and made their way to the closest building. By this time the wind was blowing harder, and it was hard to see or hear. Debris was falling all over the place. Jason couldn't see his dad anymore. He also realized that he wasn't getting to the building fast enough. He was afraid he would be picked up by the wind and thrown into the air.
As he made his way towards the building, he noticed a field to his right. He could see an irrigation ditch (灌溉渠). In a panic, he scrambled (爬) to the ditch and lay flat on the ground. More debris and objects flew overhead. His heart was beating hard, and he was nervous. He had never been in a tornado before.
After a while, the winds died down and the loud roaring sound was gone. Jason slowly lifted his head and nervously looked around. What he saw was a great mess. Jason could hardly recognize the buildings in front of him because of all the damage.
He stood up and with shaky legs walked to the building. Once there, he pushed the door open and went inside. It was a public building owned by the city. It was empty, but Jason could hear noises further inside. He walked into the large room and saw his dad. He ran across the room and gave him a big hug.
"Jason! How are you I've been worried sick about you!" said his father. "I couldn't find you anywhere!"
Jason breathed a sigh of a relief (松了一口气) and sat down. He did have a story to tell!
【知识点】其他人 (Other people)、细节理解、猜测词义、推理判断、记叙文
(1) From Paragraph 1, we can get the _____ of the story.
A．background B．development
C．climax (most exciting part) D．ending
【答案】A
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：It had been an unusual day. 这是不寻常的一天。由此可知第一段在介绍背景。
因此，正确答案是B。
(2) Which of the following is the right order according to the passage
①Jason nervously looked around from the irrigation ditch.
②Jason ran across the room and gave his father a big hug.
③Jason got out of the car.
④Jason noticed a field to his right.
A．②①③④ B．③④①② C．④①②③ D．③①②④
【答案】B
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Jason and his father got out of the car and made their way to the closest building. Jason和他父亲下车，向最近的一栋楼走去。As he made his way towards the building, he noticed a field to his right. 当他朝大楼走去时，他注意到右边有一块地。In a panic, he scrambled (爬) to the ditch and lay flat on the ground. More debris and objects flew overhead. His heart was beating hard, and he was nervous. 慌乱中，他爬到沟里，平躺在地上，更多的碎片和物体从头顶飞过。他心跳得很厉害，并且很紧张。He ran across the room and gave him a big hug. 他跑着穿过房间并紧紧地拥抱着他。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) The underlined word "Debris”in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A．parts of the tornado B．apple pies
C．broken pieces D．drops of rain
【答案】C
【解析】此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：By this time the wind was blowing harder, and it was hard to see or hear. 这时风刮得更大了，看不见也听不见。由此可知风把碎片吹得到处都是，debris意为“broken pieces”。
因此，正确答案是C。
(4) The story tells us that when we are in danger, _____.
A．we should wait patiently until help comes
B．we should work hard to make our dreams come true
C．we should be brave enough to change nature
D．we should be quick-thinking and believe in ourselves
【答案】D
【解析】此题是推理判断题。 答案出处：In a panic, he scrambled (爬) to the ditch and lay flat on the ground. 慌乱中，他爬到沟里，平躺在地上。由此可知Jason在慌乱中非常冷静，因此这个故事想告诉我们在遇到危险时我们应该思维敏捷，相信自己。
因此，正确答案是D。
（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·真题）阅读短文，完成后面题目。
We live in a world with many kinds of people. We want to get along well with others. We also want to be liked by others. The following ways will make others like you.
Smile to others as often as possible
This is a simple way to make a good first impression. Your smile is a sign of kindness. When someone feels stressed from his or her teachers or parents, your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. Your smile can help him or her realize that all is filled with hopes and there is still joy in the world.
Laugh at yourself
Sometimes you can even laugh at yourself. Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings even if you don't mean to, while laughing at yourself does not. You might even bring a smile to their faces. It shows that you dare to do so and you're being real about your imperfections. Laugh at yourself and you will be more attractive.
Remember a person's name
If you don't do this, you are getting into trouble. A person's name is the sweetest and the most important sound in any language. We should realize the magic in a name. The name makes the person different from others. It makes him or her special among others. If you remember a person's name, the relationship between both of you will become even closer.
Become really interested in other people
Do this and you'll be welcome anywhere. A show of interest must be true. It brings good results not only to the person showing the interest, but also to the person receiving the attention, it is a two-way street—both of you get an advantage.
Become a good listener and talker
When people are sad or angry, they want to express how they feel, you need to listen silently first until they get calm. We should learn to listen with our ears, eyes and hearts as much as we can. Then, ask questions that they like to answer. Next, encourage them to talk about themselves and their achievements. It is a good way to help them out.
_____ to make people like you
Smile to others as often as _____ ◆Your smile stands for _____. ◆Your smile is like the sun breaking through the clouds. ◆Your smile can help others realize everything is _____ of hopes.
Laugh at yourself ◆Laughing at someone else may hurt their feelings. ◆Sometimes laughing at yourself will make you be more attractive. But you need to have enough _____ to do so.
Remember a person's name ◆A person's name is magical, it's the sweetest and the most important sound. ◆A name makes a person _____. ◆To remember a person's name makes you and other people much _____.
Become really _____ in other people ◆Your show of interest must be true. ◆It brings good results to both of you.
Become a good listener and talker ◆Listen silently when people want to express their poor _____. ◆Ask questions they like to answer. ◆Encourage them to talk about _____ and their achievements.
【知识点】人际交往 (Interpersonal communication)、说明文
【答案】How；Ways；Methods
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The following ways will make others like you. 以下方法会让别人喜欢你。
因此，正确答案是How或Ways或Methods。
【答案】possible
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Smile to others as often as possible 尽可能多地对别人微笑。
因此，正确答案是possible。
【答案】kindness
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Your smile is a sign of kindness. 你的微笑是善良的表现。
因此，正确答案是kindness。
【答案】full
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Your smile can help him or her realize that all is filled with hopes and there is still joy in the world. 你的微笑可以帮助他或她意识到，世界上一切都充满了希望，还有欢乐。
因此，正确答案是full。
【答案】courage；spirit
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：It shows that you dare to do so and you're being real about your imperfections. 这表明你敢于这样做，而且你对自己的不完美表现得很真实。由此可知你必须“有勇气”自嘲。
因此，正确答案是courage或spirit。
【答案】different；special
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：The name makes the person different from others. It makes him or her special among others. 这个名字使这个人与众不同。这使他或她在其他人中很特别。
因此，正确答案是different或special。
【答案】closer
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：If you remember a person's name, the relationship between both of you will become even closer. 如果你记得一个人的名字，你们之间的关系会变得更加密切。
因此，正确答案是closer。
【答案】interested
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Become really interested in other people 对别人真正感兴趣。
因此，正确答案是interested。
【答案】feelings
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：When people are sad or angry, they want to express how they feel, you need to listen silently first until they get calm. 当人们悲伤或愤怒时，他们想表达自己的感受，你需要先静静地倾听，直到他们平静下来。
因此，正确答案是feelings。
【答案】themselves
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Next, encourage them to talk about themselves and their achievements. 接下来，鼓励他们谈论自己和他们的成就。
因此，正确答案是themselves。
（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
People are interested in animal communication and scientists have done lots of researches on this subject.
Most animals always use body languages to communicate. If cats look and blink (眯眼) at you slowly, which shows their love to you. You can also do this to show your love. When they sit with tails around themselves, they're happy. If they feel scared, their tail may look like the end of toilet brushes. When they put ears back, they are a bit mad. Birds can show feelings through eyes and feathers. If birds make their pupils (瞳孔) large and small from time to time, this can be a sign that they're excited or scared or angry. Birds will ruffle (弄乱) their feathers when they clean themselves. However, if their feathers remain ruffled, it may mean they are ill. You'd better take them to see a veterinarian in an animal hospital.
Some animals communicate by smell. Dogs are famous for this. They can learn about something by smelling. They can find missing people by using their fantastic sense of smell. They have helped the police for a long time. Mice have an excellent sense of smell, too. Scientists even train them to find landmines (地雷). It is found that even ants use smell, they use smell to tell other ants where the food is.
Frogs and insects communicate by sounds. Usually the "gentleman" makes sounds to invite the "ladies". Whales and elephants also use sounds to communicate, these sounds can travel very far through water or ground, but it is impossible for humans to hear some of the sounds.
Learn more about the ways of animal communication at http://www..cn.
【知识点】动物、植物与其他生物 (Animals and plants and other creatures)、细节理解、猜测词义、最佳标题、说明文
(1) When a cat is happy, it may _____.
A．look and blink at you slowly B．ruffle its hair
C．sit with its tail around itself D．put its ears back
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：When they sit with tails around themselves, they're happy. 当它们坐着的时候尾巴围着身体，它们很高兴。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) The underlined word "veterinarian" in Paragraph 2 means _____ in Chinese.
A．训养师 B．兽医 C．管理员 D．牙医
【答案】B
【解析】此题是词义猜测题。答案出处：You'd better take them to see a veterinarian in an animal hospital. 你最好带它们去动物医院看兽医。根据an animal hospital可知veterinarian意为“兽医”。
因此，正确答案是B。
(3) What animals can communicate by smelling from this passage
①elephants ②dogs ③whales ④mice ⑤insects ⑥ants
A．①③⑤ B．②③④ C．①⑤⑥ D．②④⑥
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Some animals communicate by smell. Dogs are famous for this. 有些动物靠嗅觉交流。狗就是因为这个而出名的。Mice have an excellent sense of smell, too. 老鼠也有很好的嗅觉。It is found that even ants use smell, they use smell to tell other ants where the food is. 研究发现，即使是蚂蚁也会用嗅觉来告诉其他蚂蚁食物在哪里。
因此，正确答案是D。
(4) Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage
A．Dogs can communicate by neither smell nor body languages.
B．Animals hardly use body languages to communicate.
C．Humans can't hear the sounds of frogs and insects.
D．Birds can show their feelings through their eyes and feathers.
【答案】D
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Birds can show feelings through eyes and feathers. 鸟可以通过眼睛和羽毛来表达感情。
因此，正确答案是D。
(5) What's the best title of this passage
A．The Ways of Animal Communication
B．The Importance of Communication
C．The Ways to Understand Body Languages
D．The Importance of Caring for Animals
【答案】A
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：Learn more about the ways of animal communication at http://www..cn. 去http://www..cn.了解更多关于动物交流的方式。由此可知答案是A。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·浙江嘉兴市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
You may study differently from your friends, but your study habits are not wrong!
Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common. They love doing things together, such as going to movies and concerts, shopping, or just sitting at a small cafe. Since they take a lot of the same school subjects, they would love to study together, but they find this impossible. Their working styles are so completely different that they can't be in the same room while they are studying!
Kelly would like to study in a clean, open space, while Maria works best with books, papers and other things around her. Kelly prefers to study in a totally silent room, but Maria loves to play music or even have the TV on. Kelly can sit for hours without moving, and often gets all her homework done in one sitting. Maria, however, is always getting up, and says that she thinks best when she's on the move.
You might be asking yourself: which way of studying gets better results Many people believe that a silent, tidy setting (环境) is the way to go, __▲__. Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus (聚焦) their attention, because it makes them form a "wall" in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.
So, if you're a student who chooses to study while sitting at a table in a busy shopping center, don't worry about it. If you work in total silence, that's OK, too. Judging from Kelly's and Maria's study habits, the best way to study is the way that works for you. In their very different ways, both of them do well in school, and both finish their work within the required time as well.
【知识点】学习策略 (Learning strategies)、细节理解、推理判断、最佳标题、说明文
(1) Kelly and Maria are mentioned as an example in this passage to _____.
A．discuss two different study habits
B．compare the differences in their hobbies
C．show the importance of a good study habit
D．express the writer's worry about their friendship
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：Their working styles are so completely different that they can't be in the same room while they are studying! 她们的学习方式完全不同，她们不能在同一个房间学习！
因此，正确答案是A。
(2) Which of the following is the best to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4
A．and they have difficulty in study
B．and it can be true for most of them
C．but that doesn't seem necessarily true
D．but nobody does research on this question
【答案】C
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：第四段。你可能会问自己：哪种学习方式能取得更好的成绩？许多人认为安静、整洁的环境才是正确的选择……一些研究甚至表明，外面的噪音和脏乱有助于一些人集中注意力，因为这让他们在头脑中围绕自己正在做的事情形成一堵“墙”，从而提高了他们的注意力。 根据前后文可知，“许多人认为安静、整洁的环境才是正确的选择”的观点不一定是正确的。
因此，正确答案是C。
(3) What can we infer from the last paragraph of this passage
A．Students who like to study in silence will be more successful.
B．Both study habits can help students make progress in their studies.
C．Only a small number of students can study well in a noisy situation.
D．Friends with different study habits can do better by studying together.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：最后一段。所以，如果你是一个选择在繁忙的购物中心坐在桌子旁学习的学生，不要担心。如果你在完全安静的环境下学习，也没关系。从凯莉和玛丽亚的学习习惯来看，最好的学习方式是适合自己的方式。由此可推断，这两种学习习惯都能帮助学生在学习上取得进步。
因此，正确答案是B。
(4) What can be the best title for the passage
A．Are you studying the "right" way
B．How can you improve your study habits
C．Is it possible for friends to study well together
D．What are the advantages of different study settings
【答案】A
【解析】此题是最佳标题题。答案出处：全文。此文罗列了两种完全不同的学习方式，表明学习方式没有对与错，只要是适合自己的方式，都可以有助于学习，故A项是最佳标题。
因此，正确答案是A。
（2021·浙江湖州市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, completed a huge number of projects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B.C., he started the building of the Great Wall. The emperor also ordered the building of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers (士兵). These, he hoped, would protect his tomb after his death.
Lost in Time
The soldiers in Xi'an's terracotta museum are today light brown, but they weren't always. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. Sadly, most of the colors did not last to the present day. After being exposed (暴露) to air during digging, the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, taking away with it important pieces of history.
New Technology
Now new technology is starting to show the army's true colors. Archeologists (考古学家) have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German researchers have developed a chemical liquid (液体) to help save the soldiers' colors. After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic.
Back to Life
Archeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers. It's important not to do anything with the dirt, so the colors won't be lost. "We are treating the dirt as an art piece," says Rong Bo, the museum's leading archeologist. The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin's army back to its full, bright colors.
【知识点】科普知识 (Popular science)、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、说明文
(1) What is the passage mainly about
A．The death of Emperor Qin Shihuang.
B．How the terracotta army was colored.
C．The true colors of the terracotta soldiers.
D．How the soldiers lived during the Qin Dynasty.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是主旨大意题。答案出处：全文。此文讲述兵马俑颜色的脱落、拯救和复原。故该文的主旨是兵马俑的真实色彩。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) What does the underlined word "they" in the passage refer to
A．Archeologists. B．Artists. C．Researchers. D．Soldiers.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：After finding a soldier or another art piece, archeologists put the liquid on it. They then cover it in plastic. 在发现一个士兵或另一件艺术品后，考古学家把液体涂在上面。然后他们用塑料覆盖它。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) Which statement would Rong Bo probably agree
A．The soldiers should stay in their present, brown color.
B．People should try to bring back the army's bright colors.
C．Archeologists can only guess at the soldiers' true colors.
D．Artists should be able to paint the soldiers in colors they want.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：The next challenge, says Rong Bo, is to find a way to use the colors onto the army again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin's army back to its full, bright colors. Rong Bo说，下一个挑战是找到一种方法，将这些颜色再次用于军队。一旦这一切发生，艺术家们就可以让秦始皇的军队恢复其完整、明亮的色彩。由此推知，Rong Bo认为，人们应该设法恢复军队的鲜艳色彩。
因此，正确答案是B。
（2021·浙江杭州市·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
When do children start to talk If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say "around twelve months of age". They will probably even remember what the children said. Many parents keep a diary of their child's "first words".
We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for "mummy" or "daddy", but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. Everything depends on what has most caught the child's attention. But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200.
Early words are actually one-word sentences. One of the first features (特征) of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone (声调) means "is that daddy " Daddy with a high falling tone means "There's daddy". Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar.
In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practicing such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go.
What are the parents doing all this time They're acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child's language learning.
【知识点】语言与文化 (Language and culture)、细节理解、推理判断、说明文
(1) How old are most children when they have learned about 50 words
A．About 6 months old. B．About one year old.
C．About 18 months old. D．About two years old.
【答案】C
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. 到18个月时，大多数孩子已经学会了大约50个单词。
因此，正确答案是C。
(2) Which might an English child say first when learning to talk
A．mummy B．push mummy
C．man kick ball D．where daddy go
【答案】A
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：We can never predict what a first word is going to be. Often it's the name for "mummy" or "daddy", but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. 我们永远无法预测第一个词会是什么。它经常是“妈妈”或“爸爸”的称呼，但也可以是动物或最喜欢的玩具。由此可知一个英国孩子在学习说话时会先说“妈妈”。
因此，正确答案是A。
(3) What's Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Word order. B．Word tones.
C．The first words. D．Correcting words.
【答案】A
【解析】此题是细节理解题。答案出处：By two, they have learned the basic patterns of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go. 两岁时，他们已经学会了基本的语序模式，我们听到他们说诸如男人踢球和爸爸去哪儿之类的话。
因此，正确答案是A。
(4) Who is most responsible for a child's early language learning
A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Friends. D．Grandparents.
【答案】B
【解析】此题是推理判断题。答案出处：What are the parents doing all this time They're acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child's language learning. 父母一直在做什么？他们扮演着老师的角色，在孩子的语言学习中总是扮演着积极的角色。由此可知父母对孩子的早期语言学习最负责。
因此，正确答案是B。
（2020·北京·真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let's start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员), who can see and tell how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It's unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment (设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to—and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
【知识点】科学技术 (Science and technology)、细节理解、猜测词义、推理判断、说明文
(1) According to the passage, how does technology help health c