人教版（2019）必修第二册：Unit4 History and traditions单元词汇整体学习课件（62张）

(共62张PPT)
Unit 4 History and traditions
单元核心词汇整体学习
东明一中 贾卫宽
Part1 核心动词(14个）精讲精练
1. puzzle v.迷惑，使迷惑 n.谜，智力游戏，疑问
助记：同义词 confuse v.使困惑
翻译：①使我迷惑的是为何他的书如此受欢迎。
②每个人都很困惑并且问为什么。
③他们对人们对他们的房子做了什么感到困惑
What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
Everybody was puzzled and asked why.
They felt puzzled about what the people had done to their houses
2. belong vi.应在某处，适应 belong to 属于
注意：该词不可用于被动语态。
翻译：①胜利属于人民。
②Success belongs to the persevering.
③迈克说桌子上的录像带是他的。
④微笑是一种属于每个人的语言。
Victory belongs to the people.
坚持就是胜利。
Mike said that the video tapes on the table belonged to him.
Smile is a kind of language belonging to everyone.
3. surround vt. 围绕；包围
助记：round v.环绕，使成圆形 adj.圆形的 adv.在周围 prep.在……的周围(=around)
形近词：sound v.听起来 n.声音 ground n.地，土地
一言串记：
With a variety of pleasant sounds surrounding him, he is lying on the ground and rounding his lips to hum songs.
翻译(用surround的搭配翻译)
①四周一片漆黑，我几乎看不见任何人。
②With the crowd surrounding us, my throat was tightening(紧) as if a rock was stuck in it and couldn’t utter(=speak) a word.
Surrounded by total blackness, I could hardly see anyone.
有一群人围着我们，我的喉咙发紧，好像有一块石头卡在里面，一句话也说不出来。
③Singing happily, she gazed(凝视) at her surroundings with large, innocent(无辜的) eyes.
④The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors ____________ (surround) me
⑤The ____________ (surround)villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
⑥The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, _______ ____________________ (它被……包围着) a high wirefence (铁丝栅栏).
她愉快地唱着歌，用天真的大眼睛注视着周围的环境。
surrounding
surrounding
was surrounded by
which
4. conqure vt. 占领；征服；控制，克服
助记：I came, I saw, I conquered. ——凯撒大帝
英译汉：
①For so many years’ tough studying, I have conquered English.
②Man can conquer nature.
③我们要竭尽全力克服困难。
经过这么多年的艰苦学习，我终于征服了英语。
人定胜天。
We should try our best to overcome/ conquer the difficulties.
5. battle v. 搏斗；奋斗 n. 战役；搏斗
助记：cattle n.牛 bat n.球拍，球棒，蝙蝠
形似：settle v.解决，定居
助记：I saw a cattle battling with a bat.
英译汉：①他们与暴风雨搏斗。
②诸葛亮率领大军在赤壁与曹操作战。
③We firmly believe that as long as we unite as one, we will win the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic.
They battled a storm.
Zhu geliang led the great army and battled against Caocao in Chibi.
6. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电n. 收费；指控；主管
助记：large adj.大的 形似：change v&n.变化
汉译英：
①I was rooted(扎根) to the spot(地点) when I saw the huge creature(生物) charged towards me.
②I was assigned (分派) to take charge of the wall newspaper in my class.
当我看到 那个巨大的生物向我冲过来时,我僵在了原地。
负责
③We decided to give Mr Li, who is in charge of our class, a present before graduation.
④Mr. Wang is in charge of the library while the lab is in the charge of his wife.
⑤I need a charger to charge my phone battery.
⑥Don’t touch the button with a wet hand, or you may get charged by the electricity.
我需要一个充电器给我的手机电池充电。
被电到
负责
由……负责
7. announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
助记：ounce n.盎司(重量单位，1盎司约等于28克)
pronounce v.发音 announcement n.宣布
How to pronounce the noun “ounce” in the announcement
汉译英：
① 他向家人宣布了这个好消息。
②It's my great honor to announce that I am running for (竞选) chairman of the Students' Union.
He announced the good news to his family.
③(英译汉)When the host announced that she won the prize, her heart pounded(怦怦跳) with excitement.
（心理描写）
④A bunch of solemn(庄严的) sunlight drove away the threatening(险恶的) darkness, announcing the return of the sun. (状物抒情）
当主持人宣布她获奖时，她的心激动得怦怦直跳。
一束庄严的阳光驱走了险恶的黑暗，宣告着太阳的回归。
8. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
助记：roach n.蟑螂 coach n.教练
The coach introduced an approach to catching roaches in this App.
教练(coach) 在这款app上介绍了捉蟑螂(roach)的方法。汉译英：
① 警车鸣(scream)着警笛(siren)驶近了。
The police car approached, its siren screaming.
②As the Teachers' Day was approaching,
(=With_________________________, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.
③他提出了许多学习词汇的好方法。
the Teachers' Day approaching
He put forward many good approaches to vocabulary learning.
9. ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
助记：sure adj.确定的 assure v.使确信
pleasure 快乐, measure措施, treasure珠宝, leisure 休闲
Are you sure that you can assure me of your ability to ensure everyone’s safety
汉译英：
①
我保证我会全力以赴的(go all out)。
I ensure that I will go all out.
②往往确保我们成功的是勇气和决心。(强调句)
③总之，诚实会让你过上幸福的生活。(ensure)
(续写结尾：主旨升华句)
In conclusion, to be honest will ensure you a happy life.
It is courage and determination that usually ensure our success.
10. roll v. (使)翻滚,(使)滚动n. 卷(轴), 翻滚
助记:rock and roll 摇滚，doll n.玩偶，poll n.民意调查
After a poll, it was believed that the doll played the rock and roll best.
英译汉：① Thunder rolled in the distance.
②Lucy rolled her eyes as Tom sat down beside her.
远处雷声隆隆。
汤姆在露西身旁坐下,露西翻了个白眼。
③泪水从他的脸颊滑落（roll down)。(心理描写）
④Let’s roll up our sleeves(袖子) and work hard.
⑤他静静地站着,眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。 (动作心理描写）
⑥A rolling stone gathers no moss(苔藓). (谚语）
Tears rolled down her cheeks.
撸起袖子加油干。
He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks.
滚石不生苔。(比喻一定要保持活跃，时刻动脑思考，并且付诸行动，否则很容易被别人赶超)
11. roar vi.&n.吼叫；咆哮 soar v.翱翔，高飞
助记：oar n.橹，桨
An old man shook his oars, with the waves roaring and the seagulls soaring in the sky.
英译汉：① 大风呼啸了一整夜。(环境描写)
② In a split second , thunder roared and lightning flashed and it began pouring. (环境描写)
霎时, 雷电交加,大雨倾盆。
The strong wind roared the whole night.
12. greet vt. 问候；迎接
助记:greeting n.问候
翻译:①当孩子们问候他们的祖父母时,他们可以得到钱。
②We were greeted with “Happy Chinese New Year”.
When the kids greet their grandparents, they can get money.
我们收到了“春节快乐”的问候。
13. stew n.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）v.炖；煨
助记: ginger stew soup 姜汤，the northeast stew东北炖菜
stewed adj.炖熟的， steamed 蒸熟的(the steamed buns 馒头)
翻译:①我在锅里炖了肉和蔬菜。
②The stewed apple was sour even with honey.
③这肉得炖两小时。
I stewed the meat and vegetables in the pot.
炖熟的苹果即便加了蜂蜜还是很酸。
The meat needs to stew for two hours.
13. crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使……拥挤
助记: row n.行,排 v.划船 crow n.乌鸦 crowded 拥挤的
A crowd of crows are rowing on the lake.
翻译:①有一群人被洪水困在那个岛上。
There are a crowd of people trapped by flood on that island.
②Memories came crowding into her mind.
③不但城市被污染了,街道也很拥挤。
回忆涌上她的心头。
Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.
Part2 核心形容词/副词和短语等
(个）精讲精练
1. individual adj. 单独的；个别的n. 个人
助记:in+divid(分开)+ual(形容词后缀)=在里面分开就是“单独的，个别的”
翻译:①个人的努力在社会进步中起作用(count)。
②In my opinion, learning to drive a car is a very positive experience for an individual.
③Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture.
Individual efforts count in social progress.
2. chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的
助记:brief adj.简短的，简洁的 hankerchief 手帕
thief 贼,小偷 relief 宽慰,轻松 belief 信念 grief 悲伤
chief executive officer 首席执行官 (CEO)
一言串记：
The chief thief said with grief that he had a firm belief that he didn’t stole the hankchief with a brief design on it.小偷头儿悲伤地说他坚信他没有偷那块上面有简短图案的手帕。
3. nearby adj. 附近的；临近的 adv. 在附近
助记：near adj.附近的 adv.在附近 passer-by n.路人
翻译:①她只好向附近的警察求助。
② 我们立即开车去了附近的一个农场。
She had no choice but to turn to the police nearby for help.
Immediately, we drove to a nearby farm.
4. break的短语
break up 打碎；结束,分手；解散
break down破坏， 毁掉，分解
break in/into 破门而入， 打断
break out 战争爆发， 争吵爆发， (火灾)发生
break away from 打破陈规; 奋力挣脱; 放弃习惯
(2020天津卷完形) Jones' idea has been fully realized — the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
32.A.break down B．put up C．keep off D．take out
√
5. military adj. 军事的；军用的
助记：military training 军训
翻译:军训是培养学生坚强意志力的好方法。
6.legal adj. 法律的；合法的
助记：illegal adj.非法的
英译汉：Lawyers will urge(敦促) parents take legal actions.
Military training is a good way to train students’ strong willpower.
律师将敦促家长采取法律行动。
7. fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的； 迷人的
助记：=attractive, charming, magnetic有磁力的，有吸引力的
翻译:
With fascinating scenery of mountains and rivers, it is a typical county where dozens of ancient villages lie.
这里山川秀美，是一个有着几十个古村落的典型县城。
8. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
助记：generosity n.慷慨，大方
翻译:
“你真是太慷慨了。我很乐意接受你的邀请，”我回答说。
“That’s very generous of you. I’d love to accept your invitation,” I replied.
9. eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
助记：eagerness n.热切，渴望 同义词：anxious/keen
搭配 be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物
翻译: 他们急于炫耀（show off) 他们美丽的花园。
10.sensory adj. 感觉的；感官的
助记：sense n.感觉 sensible a 能感觉的,明智的
sensibility n 敏感性，情感
They are too eager to show off their beautiful garden.
11. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的
助记：noticeable/remarkable/outstanding
strike v.袭击，击打（struck, struck)
翻译: ①两者最显著的区别在于他们对社会的贡献。
②She felt very ashamed of herself and learned that a kind heart is more important than a striking appearance.
The most striking difference between both lies in their contributions to society.
她感到非常羞愧，也得知一颗善良的心比一个引人注目的外表更重要。
Part3 核心名词(30个）精讲精练
1.Confucius n.孔子
Sayings from Confucius
① Learning without thought is useless; thinking without learning is dangerous.
②“Isn't it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned ” Confucius said.
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
子曰：学而时习之,不亦说乎。
2.mansion
n.公馆；宅地
3.cemetery
n.墓地；公墓
The Dream of the Red Mansions
4. philosophy n. 哲学
助记：philo(爱)+sophy(智慧)→爱智慧→哲学
谐音：“费了书费”就必须学好“哲学”
philosopher n.哲学家
The ants’ philosophy is:never give up,look ahead and do whatever you can.
蚂蚁的哲学是:永不放弃，向前看，尽你所能。
5. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
助记：descend传下+ant人=传下的人→后代
近义：offsping 后代
We are all descendants of Yan Emperor and Huang Emperor.
我们都是炎黄子孙。
6. heel n.足跟；后跟
助记：eel n.鳝鱼 feel v.觉得 peel v.剥皮
①Wearing high heel shoes, I feel it tough to peel the eel. 穿着高跟鞋，我觉得剥鳗鱼很艰难。
Achilles’ heel 阿克琉斯的脚跟(喻致命的弱点)
形近：wheel n.轮子，方向盘
②Peter should have a good chance of winning but his Achilles’ heel is his carelessness.
彼得本来有很 好的机会取胜,但他的致命弱点就是太粗心大意
7. kingdom n. 王国；领域
助记：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (英国的全称)
①Romance of the Three Kingdoms
②Xiamen Fangte Magic Kingdom is a newly-built theme park.
厦门方特魔幻王国是一座新建的主题公园。
《三国演义》
8. currency n. 通货；货币
助记：emergency 紧急情况
①currency exchange 货币对换
② digital currency 数字货币
③ Gold and jewels are the hard currency.
黄金和珠宝是硬通货。
9. defence n.防御，保卫
助记：fence n.篱笆 v.defend 保卫
①A thick coat is a good defence against the cold.
② Humour is a more effective defence than violence.
③She defended herself successfully in court.
一件厚衣服足可以御寒。
幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。
10. evidence n.证据，证明
助记：同义词proof 证明 evident adj. 明显的
①There is no evidence( ______)oil price will come down in the near future.
②It was _______ (evidence) that my effort was in vain as he still talked in class
③It is easy to find out plenty of _________ (evidence) to prove that.
that
evident
evidences
11. achievement n.成就，成绩，达到
助记：achieve v.达到，获得，实现
①China has made great achievements in the Olympic Games.
②We can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.
③我相信如果我努力工作，我一定会实现我的梦想。
I am sure I will achieve my dream if I work really hard.
12. location n.地方，地点，位置
助记：locate v.位于，座落于 be located in
①The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
② Dongming county is located in the west of Heze city.
③Located in the east of Shandong Peninsula, Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city.
青岛位于山东半岛东部，是一座美丽的沿海城市。
12. port n.港口，接口 harbor n.海港
助记：airport 机场 export v.出口 import v.进口
report n.&v.报告，报道 support v.支持，养活
①那艘英国船今天上午抵达港口。
②The printer is connected to a port of an unsupported type.
The British ship arrived at the port this morning.
13. amount n.金额，数量
助记：mount n.山 v.爬山,展出 surmount v.克服
①A large amount of money ________________ (contribute) to flood-stricken areas last year so that people there could rebuild their homes.
②Huge amounts of farmland _____________ ( destroy) in the past five years.
③Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing.
was contributed
have been destoryed
占有别人的东西就相当于偷盗。
14. gallery n.展览馆，画廊
助记：art gallery 艺术画廊 nursery n托儿所
①The gallery has mounted an exhibition of art by Irish women painters.
② I wish to make a suggestion about starting a school art gallery.
画廊已举办了一场爱尔兰女画家的作品展。
我想对开办学校艺术画廊提个建议。
15.landscape n.风景
助记:landmark n.地标 landlord n.地主,房东landline座机,固定电话 landfill 垃圾填埋场landslide 滑坡
【佳句赏析】
①The scenery along the journey is just like a breath-taking landscape painting. (景物描写)
沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的/惊艳的山水画卷。
②The tree stood out from the rest of the landscape, bathed in a bright angelic light. (景物描写)
这棵树沐浴在明亮的天使般的光芒中，显得格外突出。
16. butter n.黄油，奶油
助记：cutter n.刀具,切割机 mutter v.抱怨,嘀咕
17.honey n.蜂蜜
助记：honeybee 蜜蜂 honeymoon 蜜月
honey-dew melon (哈密瓜)
My heart is as sweet as honey. 我心里像喝了蜜一样
18. ancestor n.祖宗，祖先
助记：同义词forefather祖先，前辈
The temple was built in memory of one of our ancestors.
19. position n.位置，姿态，职位
助记：opposition n.反对
transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁
翻译：我写信想应聘销售助理一职。
20. courtyard n. 庭院；院子
助记：court(庭院)+yard(后院)=院子
court n.法庭， yard n.尺码(1码≈0.91米)
schoolyard n.校园
I am writing to apply for the position as a sales assistant.
翻译：①我们在院子里种了一些榆树(elm)。
②我在院子里的一张桌子旁坐下。
21.snack n. 点心；小吃
助记：sack n.麻袋 同义：dessert n.甜点
refreshments 点心，小吃，茶点
We planted some elms in the yard.
I sat down at a table in the courtyard.
22. poet n. 诗人 poem n.诗 poetry n.诗歌
助记：The poem written by the poet Libai is considered as one of the greatest poems in the history of Chinese poetry.
翻译： 我写了一首纪念伟大爱国诗人屈原的诗。
I wrote a poem to honour the great patriotic poet Quyuan.
23. county n.郡(BrE)；县(AmE)
助记：country n.国家，乡村，故乡
countryside n.农村，乡村
24.feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
助记：beast n.野兽 least 至少
At least, the beasts have come to the feast.
翻译：A walk around the city is a feast for the mind as well as the eye.
在这座城市里散步是一场赏心悦目的盛宴。
25. dot n.点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
助记:got得到, hot 热的，辣的，lot多的，pot 罐子
I got a hot pot where there was a lot of cakes with many dots on them.
英译汉：① The sky was dotted with stars.
②Mist-covered mountains were dotted with small farms and villages.
天空繁星密布。
(点缀着)
26. cattle n.牛(复数)(总称)，牲畜
助记: cow 奶牛,母牛 bull/ox公牛, calf 小牛,
buffalo 水牛，farm cattle 耕牛, yak 牦牛
“三牛精神”three ox spirit
the year of ox 牛年
孺子牛 serving-the-people ox
老黄牛 persisting/willing ox
拓荒牛 pioneering ox
Ox is a symbol of diligence, dedication, progress and strength. The selfless commitment to the good of the people is represented by 孺子牛, or the "serving-the-people ox".
牛是勤劳、奉献、奋进与力量的象征。人们把为民服务、无私奉献比喻为“孺子牛”。
27. ocean n. 大海；海洋 sea 大海
助记: The Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Atlantic Ocean大西洋
the Indian Ocean 印度洋
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
the East China Sea 东海
the South China Sea 南海
the Yellow Sea 黄海
the Bohai Sea 渤海
28. scent n.气味；气息
助记:cent n.分(美分), smell n.气味 odour n.(难闻的)气味, perfume/ fragrance 香味, sweet scent 香甜的味道
英译汉：
On a quiet morning in the mountains,feel the sun on your skin,and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
在宁静的早晨,在山上,感受阳光照射在你的皮肤上,呼吸鲜花的芬芳,鸟儿用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天。
29. pub n. 酒吧；酒馆,wine n.葡萄酒；果酒,
beer n.（一杯）啤酒
助记：
How pleasant it is to drink a cup of sweet grape wine or several cans of beer in the small country pub!
在乡村的小酒馆里喝上一杯甘美的葡萄酒或几听啤酒是多么惬意啊!
30. custom n. 习俗；风俗；习惯
助记: customs n.海关，关税
英译汉：
I’m glad to know that you spent the Spring Festival in China, and enjoyed the traditional Chinese customs and cultures.
我很高兴得知你们在中国度过了春节，并感受了中国的传统习俗和文化。