人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册：Unit1 People of Achievement Words and expressions课件-（38张ppt）
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(共38张PPT)
BOOK4 UNIT 1
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Words and expressions（one）
1.crucial =vital=essential adj.至关重要的；关键性的
play a crucial role/part in 在…中起至关重要的作用
be crucial to/for (prep) 对...是至关重要的
It is crucial that... ...是至关重要的
[从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略]
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。
关键是要马上处理这一问题。
It is crucial that the problem _______________________ immediately.
球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。
The support of our fans _________________our winning the Super Cup.
(should) be dealt with
is crucial to/for
2. vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
→vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地
It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的
be vital to/for 对…至关重要
it is vital that从句 至关重要的是…[应该]做…
[从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略]
Understanding history is vital _____understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
To understand culture shock,it is vital _________________(understand) what culture is.
to/for
to understand
vt. 犯罪；做（坏事）；自杀； 承诺, 保证(某个人、机构等）
vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
3.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入
commit suicide 自杀 commit a crime 犯罪 commit an error 犯错
commit sb/oneself to[doing] sth. 承诺某人[做]某事
commit sth. to sth. 把某物投入到某事上
commit to sb./sth 忠于…
committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的
be committed to[doing] sth 尽力做某事；承诺做某事
commitment n. 投入，奉献，承诺
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承诺
make a commitment to do sth. / doing sth. 承诺做某事
Both sides settle the dispute peacefully.
双方承诺和平解决争端。
The President reforming health care.
总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
Tu Youyou, a and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930.
屠呦呦, 一个坚定又有耐性的科学家, 于1930年12月30号出生于中国宁波。
committed themselves to
is committed to
committed
4.objective adj. 客观的 n. 目标；目的_____________
主观的 adj_______________
meet/ achieve one’s objectives 达到/实现某人的目标
object n. 物体；宾语 v.不同意；不赞成；反对
object to sth/doing sth 反对某事
If nobody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.
如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。
Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。
goal/aim/target
subjective
5. distinct adj. 截然不同 ，有区别的
be distinct from…[in…] [在…方面]与….不同
=be different from…[in…] = differ from…
distinction [Cn.]差别，区别 [U] 区分，辨别 [U] 优秀，卓越
distinctly adv. 清楚地，明显
反义：indistinct adj. 模糊不清的，不清楚
extract n. 提取物; 摘录vt. 提取; 提炼; 摘录; (用 力)拔出
This article is extracted from his new book.
本文选自他的新书。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Language teachers often extract examples _________ grammar books.
(2)Li Shizhen discovered a variety of herbs whose _______ (extract) can cure certain diseases.
from
extracts
6.obtain [ b te n]:vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 贏得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
obtain the opportunity 获得机会
obtain one’s permission 得到某人许可
obtain/get an admission to 获准进入/加入
7. acknowledge vt. 承认[属实、权威]；[公开]感谢
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge that从句 承认…
acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be… 认为…是…
= sb./sth. be acknowledged as/to be…
it is generally/widely acknowledged that… 普遍认为…
acknowledgement n.承认，答谢
in acknowledgement of 作为对…的感谢
She has been acknowledged_______ the most promising female scientist in her research area.
It's generally______________(acknowledge)that health is the most important to everyone.
as
acknowledged
8. defeat n. 失败，挫败 vt.击败，战胜
suffer [a] defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge/admit/accept/face defeat 承认/接受/面临失败
defeat/beat +某人或某个集体 击败/打败…
win+ game/match/race/election/prize
【注意“赢某人”不能用win sb.可用defeat/beat sb.】
9.insist [ n s st]: vi./vt. 坚持; 坚决要求
1）vi/vt 坚持，坚决要求
insist on/upon[sb/sb’s] doing sth.
坚决要求某人做某事
insist that… 坚持/坚决要求 [从句谓语动词用虚拟语
气，即should +动词原形，
should可省略]
2）vi/vt 坚持说/坚持认为 此时后跟陈述语气，不用虚拟
if you insist [用于口语中] 如果你一定要这样
He insisted that I____________(take) back what I said.
She insisted_________ our going to Shanghai by high-speed train as it is much faster and more comfortable.
on/upon
(should) take
wear and tear [te (r)]: (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
wear-wore-worn
wear out 用坏，穿破，使筋疲力尽
wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨
be worn out 精疲力竭
The truck shows scarcely any sign of wear and tear.
10. conclusion [n.] 结论，结束
make a conclusion下结论
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论
in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后，总之 (常作插入语)
conclude vt.得出结论，推断出
vt./vi. 结束，终止
从……中推断出 conclude…from
以……结束(某事） conclude…with…
（1）______________（最后），I’d like to thank you I’ve enjoyed the holiday.
（2）We_____________________(得出结论) that the room must have been empty then.
（3）He_____________ his talk _________a funny story.
他以一个有趣的故事结束讲话。
（4）What can you __________________what he said
从他所说的话中你能得出什么结论？
In conclusion
drew a conclusion
concluded
with
conclude from
flee --- _____---_____
① All the animals fled from the fire.
所有的动物都________了火场。
② When the bombing started，the population fled to safe places.
轰炸开始时，人们_______安全地带。
fled
fled
逃离
逃至
fight or flight
flee 着重逃的动作, 强调逃走时的急促或仓促。例如：He said that the enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions.
escape 强调逃跑的结果, 即成功地跑掉了；有时用于引申义“逃避；躲避”。例如：In order to escape being punished he made an excuse.
run away 多用于口语, 含有“不辞而别” 之意。例如：
He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.
【熟词生义】读句子猜含义
His hope fled when he was refused by the company. ( )
破灭
11. circumstance 环境，条件，状况，境况，境遇
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
under/in no circumstances 绝不，无论如何不
【放在句首时句子要部分倒装=never】
eg. that I would meet so
many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这
么多问题
Under no circumstances did I expect
circumstance n．(复数)条件; 环境; 状况
①_________________________在……情况下
②________________________________绝不；一点儿也不
③We oppose capital punishment_______________________.
无论在什么情况下，我们都不赞成死刑。
④你绝对不可以出去。(倒装)
_______________________________________________
under/in...circumstances
under/in no circumstances
under/in any circumstances
Under/In no circumstances can you go out.
12.novel n. (长篇)小说
adj. 新颖的; 新的; 与众不同的
novelist n. 小说家
original adj. 最初的；原创的；新颖的
13. found 创建，创办，兴建[城镇或国家]，把…建立在
be founded on… 建立在…基础上[近义be based on]
foundation n. 地基，基础，根据
lay a [firm/solid] foundation for… 为…打下[坚实的]基础
founder n. 创办者，发起人
(1) The People’s Republic of China was _______ in 1949.
(2) The year of 1949 saw the ___________ of the People’s Republic of China .
(3) After the end of the civil war, the poor boy was finally _________ by his family.
founded
foundation
found
14. infer vt.[inferred, inferred] 推断，推论，推理
infer… from… 从…中推断出…
it can be inferred that… 可推断出…
inference n. 推论;推断
15.theory [ θ ri]: n. 理论; 学说
put the theory into practice : 将理论付诸/用于实践
in theory: 理论上; 按理说
in practice/reality/fact 实践中/实际上/事实上
theorist n.理论家
theoretical adj. 理论上的
theoretically adv. 理论上
16. genius 天才，天资，天赋
have a genius for[doing] sth. 有[做]某事的才能
17.gentle [ d entl]: adj. 温柔的; 文静的
gently: adv. 温柔地; 文静地
(terrible comfortable simple gentle)
18.passion [ p n]: n. 酷爱; 激情
with passion 充满激情地
arouse one’s passion 唤起某人的激情
have a passion for...: 热爱; 酷爱
passionate=enthusiastic adj. 热情的
doctorate [ d kt r t]: n. 博士学位= doctor’s degree: 博士学位bachelor's degree学士学位
master's degree硕士学位
take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (one’s) doctorate (in...):
获得博士学位
e to power (开始)掌权; 上台 be in power 执政, 当权
beyond one’s power力所不能及的 within one’s power力所能及的
20. consequence n. 结果，后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果，因此
as a consequence= in consequence
=as a result 结果,因此
21.take up 占用[时间];占据[空间];
接受;开始从事;拿起;接下去;继续
take up a lot of time
take up space/room
take up the challenge
take up writing
take常见的其他搭配：
take apart 拆开,拆卸 take on呈现,雇用,承担
take after 长得像 take over 接管,接任
take down 拿下，记下
take in 吸收，理解，收留，欺骗
take off 脱下,起飞,突然开始成功,走红,休假
占用大量时间
占据空间
接受挑战
开始从事写作
22、peculiarity n. 个性，特点，怪异的性质
peculiar adj. 怪异的，特有的
be peculiar to sb./sth. 是…所特有的
23、encounter vt.偶然碰倒，遇到
n. 邂逅，遭遇
have an encounter with… 与…相遇
come across/run into/meet with 偶然遇到， 偶然发现
24、mourn 哀悼，忧伤
mourn for/over sb./sth. 哀悼某人某物
mourn sb. 向某人致哀 mourner n. 哀悼者
mournful adj.哀痛的，令人伤心的; 悲伤的
mournfully adv.悲哀地，凄惨地
25、remarkable adj. 非凡的，显著的
be remarkable for 因…而引人瞩目
it is remarkable that… 令人惊讶的是….
remarkably adv. 显著地，奇异地
remark
Cn. 谈论,言论,评述[常与about搭配]
make a remark [about…] 发表[关于…]评论
Un. 引人注目，显耀
The museum contains nothing that is worthy of
remark. 这个博物馆没有任何值得看的东西
v. 说起，谈论，评论
remark on/upon sth./sb.
26.device [d va s]: n. 方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器
a marketing(营销) device
a device for doing sth. 用于做某事的设备/方法
做什么的方法:
a way of doing/to do sth…:
a manner of doing sth…:
an approach to (doing) sth…:
a method of/for (doing) sth…:
27.sum vi. 总结，概要
sum up 总结，概况
to sum up 概况起来说【常位于句首】
n. 金额，款项，总数，总和
in sum=in short=in brief=in a word 总之
a sum of 许多，大量
a large sum of … 一大笔…
28.draft [drɑ ft]: n. 草稿; 草案；vt. 起草; 草拟
draft a bill/contract/constitution:起草法案/合同/宪法
draft a plan: 草拟计划
BOOK4 UNIT 1
PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Words and expressions（one）
1.crucial =vital=essential adj.至关重要的；关键性的
play a crucial role/part in 在…中起至关重要的作用
be crucial to/for (prep) 对...是至关重要的
It is crucial that... ...是至关重要的
[从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略]
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。
关键是要马上处理这一问题。
It is crucial that the problem _______________________ immediately.
球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。
The support of our fans _________________our winning the Super Cup.
(should) be dealt with
is crucial to/for
2. vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
→vitally adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地
It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的
be vital to/for 对…至关重要
it is vital that从句 至关重要的是…[应该]做…
[从句用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略]
Understanding history is vital _____understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
To understand culture shock,it is vital _________________(understand) what culture is.
to/for
to understand
vt. 犯罪；做（坏事）；自杀； 承诺, 保证(某个人、机构等）
vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
3.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入
commit suicide 自杀 commit a crime 犯罪 commit an error 犯错
commit sb/oneself to[doing] sth. 承诺某人[做]某事
commit sth. to sth. 把某物投入到某事上
commit to sb./sth 忠于…
committed adj. 尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的
be committed to[doing] sth 尽力做某事；承诺做某事
commitment n. 投入，奉献，承诺
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承诺
make a commitment to do sth. / doing sth. 承诺做某事
Both sides settle the dispute peacefully.
双方承诺和平解决争端。
The President reforming health care.
总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
Tu Youyou, a and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930.
屠呦呦, 一个坚定又有耐性的科学家, 于1930年12月30号出生于中国宁波。
committed themselves to
is committed to
committed
4.objective adj. 客观的 n. 目标；目的_____________
主观的 adj_______________
meet/ achieve one’s objectives 达到/实现某人的目标
object n. 物体；宾语 v.不同意；不赞成；反对
object to sth/doing sth 反对某事
If nobody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.
如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。
Many local people object to the building of the new airport.
许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。
goal/aim/target
subjective
5. distinct adj. 截然不同 ，有区别的
be distinct from…[in…] [在…方面]与….不同
=be different from…[in…] = differ from…
distinction [Cn.]差别，区别 [U] 区分，辨别 [U] 优秀，卓越
distinctly adv. 清楚地，明显
反义：indistinct adj. 模糊不清的，不清楚
extract n. 提取物; 摘录vt. 提取; 提炼; 摘录; (用 力)拔出
This article is extracted from his new book.
本文选自他的新书。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Language teachers often extract examples _________ grammar books.
(2)Li Shizhen discovered a variety of herbs whose _______ (extract) can cure certain diseases.
from
extracts
6.obtain [ b te n]:vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 贏得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
obtain the opportunity 获得机会
obtain one’s permission 得到某人许可
obtain/get an admission to 获准进入/加入
7. acknowledge vt. 承认[属实、权威]；[公开]感谢
acknowledge doing sth. 承认做某事
acknowledge having done sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge that从句 承认…
acknowledge sb./sth. as/to be… 认为…是…
= sb./sth. be acknowledged as/to be…
it is generally/widely acknowledged that… 普遍认为…
acknowledgement n.承认，答谢
in acknowledgement of 作为对…的感谢
She has been acknowledged_______ the most promising female scientist in her research area.
It's generally______________(acknowledge)that health is the most important to everyone.
as
acknowledged
8. defeat n. 失败，挫败 vt.击败，战胜
suffer [a] defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge/admit/accept/face defeat 承认/接受/面临失败
defeat/beat +某人或某个集体 击败/打败…
win+ game/match/race/election/prize
【注意“赢某人”不能用win sb.可用defeat/beat sb.】
9.insist [ n s st]: vi./vt. 坚持; 坚决要求
1）vi/vt 坚持，坚决要求
insist on/upon[sb/sb’s] doing sth.
坚决要求某人做某事
insist that… 坚持/坚决要求 [从句谓语动词用虚拟语
气，即should +动词原形，
should可省略]
2）vi/vt 坚持说/坚持认为 此时后跟陈述语气，不用虚拟
if you insist [用于口语中] 如果你一定要这样
He insisted that I____________(take) back what I said.
She insisted_________ our going to Shanghai by high-speed train as it is much faster and more comfortable.
on/upon
(should) take
wear and tear [te (r)]: (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗
wear-wore-worn
wear out 用坏，穿破，使筋疲力尽
wear well 耐用，耐穿，耐磨
be worn out 精疲力竭
The truck shows scarcely any sign of wear and tear.
10. conclusion [n.] 结论，结束
make a conclusion下结论
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论
in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后，总之 (常作插入语)
conclude vt.得出结论，推断出
vt./vi. 结束，终止
从……中推断出 conclude…from
以……结束(某事） conclude…with…
（1）______________（最后），I’d like to thank you I’ve enjoyed the holiday.
（2）We_____________________(得出结论) that the room must have been empty then.
（3）He_____________ his talk _________a funny story.
他以一个有趣的故事结束讲话。
（4）What can you __________________what he said
从他所说的话中你能得出什么结论？
In conclusion
drew a conclusion
concluded
with
conclude from
flee --- _____---_____
① All the animals fled from the fire.
所有的动物都________了火场。
② When the bombing started，the population fled to safe places.
轰炸开始时，人们_______安全地带。
fled
fled
逃离
逃至
fight or flight
flee 着重逃的动作, 强调逃走时的急促或仓促。例如：He said that the enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions.
escape 强调逃跑的结果, 即成功地跑掉了；有时用于引申义“逃避；躲避”。例如：In order to escape being punished he made an excuse.
run away 多用于口语, 含有“不辞而别” 之意。例如：
He ran away from home at the age of thirteen.
【熟词生义】读句子猜含义
His hope fled when he was refused by the company. ( )
破灭
11. circumstance 环境，条件，状况，境况，境遇
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
under/in no circumstances 绝不，无论如何不
【放在句首时句子要部分倒装=never】
eg. that I would meet so
many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这
么多问题
Under no circumstances did I expect
circumstance n．(复数)条件; 环境; 状况
①_________________________在……情况下
②________________________________绝不；一点儿也不
③We oppose capital punishment_______________________.
无论在什么情况下，我们都不赞成死刑。
④你绝对不可以出去。(倒装)
_______________________________________________
under/in...circumstances
under/in no circumstances
under/in any circumstances
Under/In no circumstances can you go out.
12.novel n. (长篇)小说
adj. 新颖的; 新的; 与众不同的
novelist n. 小说家
original adj. 最初的；原创的；新颖的
13. found 创建，创办，兴建[城镇或国家]，把…建立在
be founded on… 建立在…基础上[近义be based on]
foundation n. 地基，基础，根据
lay a [firm/solid] foundation for… 为…打下[坚实的]基础
founder n. 创办者，发起人
(1) The People’s Republic of China was _______ in 1949.
(2) The year of 1949 saw the ___________ of the People’s Republic of China .
(3) After the end of the civil war, the poor boy was finally _________ by his family.
founded
foundation
found
14. infer vt.[inferred, inferred] 推断，推论，推理
infer… from… 从…中推断出…
it can be inferred that… 可推断出…
inference n. 推论;推断
15.theory [ θ ri]: n. 理论; 学说
put the theory into practice : 将理论付诸/用于实践
in theory: 理论上; 按理说
in practice/reality/fact 实践中/实际上/事实上
theorist n.理论家
theoretical adj. 理论上的
theoretically adv. 理论上
16. genius 天才，天资，天赋
have a genius for[doing] sth. 有[做]某事的才能
17.gentle [ d entl]: adj. 温柔的; 文静的
gently: adv. 温柔地; 文静地
(terrible comfortable simple gentle)
18.passion [ p n]: n. 酷爱; 激情
with passion 充满激情地
arouse one’s passion 唤起某人的激情
have a passion for...: 热爱; 酷爱
passionate=enthusiastic adj. 热情的
doctorate [ d kt r t]: n. 博士学位= doctor’s degree: 博士学位bachelor's degree学士学位
master's degree硕士学位
take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (one’s) doctorate (in...):
获得博士学位
e to power (开始)掌权; 上台 be in power 执政, 当权
beyond one’s power力所不能及的 within one’s power力所能及的
20. consequence n. 结果，后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 结果，因此
as a consequence= in consequence
=as a result 结果,因此
21.take up 占用[时间];占据[空间];
接受;开始从事;拿起;接下去;继续
take up a lot of time
take up space/room
take up the challenge
take up writing
take常见的其他搭配：
take apart 拆开,拆卸 take on呈现,雇用,承担
take after 长得像 take over 接管,接任
take down 拿下，记下
take in 吸收，理解，收留，欺骗
take off 脱下,起飞,突然开始成功,走红,休假
占用大量时间
占据空间
接受挑战
开始从事写作
22、peculiarity n. 个性，特点，怪异的性质
peculiar adj. 怪异的，特有的
be peculiar to sb./sth. 是…所特有的
23、encounter vt.偶然碰倒，遇到
n. 邂逅，遭遇
have an encounter with… 与…相遇
come across/run into/meet with 偶然遇到， 偶然发现
24、mourn 哀悼，忧伤
mourn for/over sb./sth. 哀悼某人某物
mourn sb. 向某人致哀 mourner n. 哀悼者
mournful adj.哀痛的，令人伤心的; 悲伤的
mournfully adv.悲哀地，凄惨地
25、remarkable adj. 非凡的，显著的
be remarkable for 因…而引人瞩目
it is remarkable that… 令人惊讶的是….
remarkably adv. 显著地，奇异地
remark
Cn. 谈论,言论,评述[常与about搭配]
make a remark [about…] 发表[关于…]评论
Un. 引人注目，显耀
The museum contains nothing that is worthy of
remark. 这个博物馆没有任何值得看的东西
v. 说起，谈论，评论
remark on/upon sth./sb.
26.device [d va s]: n. 方法; 技巧; 装置; 仪器
a marketing(营销) device
a device for doing sth. 用于做某事的设备/方法
做什么的方法:
a way of doing/to do sth…:
a manner of doing sth…:
an approach to (doing) sth…:
a method of/for (doing) sth…:
27.sum vi. 总结，概要
sum up 总结，概况
to sum up 概况起来说【常位于句首】
n. 金额，款项，总数，总和
in sum=in short=in brief=in a word 总之
a sum of 许多，大量
a large sum of … 一大笔…
28.draft [drɑ ft]: n. 草稿; 草案；vt. 起草; 草拟
draft a bill/contract/constitution:起草法案/合同/宪法
draft a plan: 草拟计划