2022届高考英语二轮复习：高三英语阅读理解专项训练四（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：高三英语阅读理解专项训练四（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-01 23:09:26 | ||
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文档简介
阅读理解限时训练四（请在35分钟内完成）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Theaters of the Past
The Greek Theater
Theaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due to this, actors placed stress on exaggerated（夸张的）action and speech.And colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.
The Medieval Theater
The Medieval theater started in churches. At fist, it became a custom for priests（牧师）to act out brief scenes during Christmas and Easter.These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again,so ordinary people began these performances in the town square.
The Elizabethan Theater
The distinguishing feature of Elizabethan theater was the stage.It has three parts:The fore stage for outside scenes:the inner stage for scenes inside a building;an upper stage or balcony for various purposes.The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes,or breaks during the play.Very little scenery was used,so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.
The Restoration Theater
Some of the plays told sad stories,but the majority of the plays were really funny.Many specialized machines were used to create the scene.The stage was a very clever idea,in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters （百叶窗）were painted with the scene.
Why were ancient Greek theaters built on hills
To hold a large audience. B. To have a better sound effect.
C.to build a big and strong stage. D. To stress exaggerated performances.
2.Which theater mainly depended on actors’ voices and speech to create scenes
A.The Greek Theater B.The Medieval Theater.
C. The Elizabethan Theater. D.The Restoration Theater.
3.What is special about the Restoration Theater
A. Colorful masks were used. B.The stage was smartly designed.
C. Most of its plays were sorrowful. D.Ordinary people were the performers.
B
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team."Football,tennis, cricket-anything with a round ball, I was useless," he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire,England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him.At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest.Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend.Gradually,Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength.Al the age of 18,he ran his first marathon.
The following year,he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway's School of Adventure in Scotland,where he learned about Ridgway's cold-water exploits.Greatly interested,Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures,then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier，Saunders started his first long-distance expedition（探险）towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite（冻疮）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole,and he's skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.
4.What change happened to Saunders after his 15th birthday
A. He joined a sports team.
B.He became good at most sports.
C.He made friends with a dinner.
D.The began to strengthen and improve himself.
5.What does the underlined word "exploits"in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Journeys. B.Researches. C.Adventures. D.Operations.
6. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders
a. He ran his first marathon.
b.He skied alone in the North Pole.
c.He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A.acdb B.cdab C.acbd Dcabel
7.What does the story mainly tell us about Saunders
A. He is a success in sports. B.He is the best British skier.
C.He is Ridgway's favorite student. D. He is a good instructor at school.
C
The giraffe population in Africa has dropped by about 40 percent in just 15 years,according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation.
The organization's director,Dr Julian Fennessy, told ABC News: “It's a silent extinction,” pointing out that the number of giraffes has fallen to 80,000. In what is a familiar situation for many species, the giraffe population has plummeted due to habitat loss and over-hunting.
Unfortunately for giraffes, their skin can be used to make several clothing items,and countries such as Tanzania have come to believe eating parts of the animal can cure AIDS. Hunters, for their part, can earn money from the animal's meat without a great deal of effort.
And while animals such as elephants and rhinos（犀牛）get a large share of conservation attention, why does it seem like a “silent” extinction Experts respond that they are such a presence in our lives that it is easy to think the species is always in large numbers,
“Giraffes are everywhere.Look at kids' books,which are full of giraffes.They're always in zoo collections. They’re easily seen, so you don’t think we have to worry about them.” David O’Connor, research coordinator（协调 员）with the San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research，told Scientific American.
Groups such as Giraffe Conservation Foundation hope that by sounding the alarm about the bad situation of the gentle giants,African nations might take a harder look at stricter conservation measures.There are other efforts taken to make sure that the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of endangered species includes all the latest information about giraffes,and make people get to know that the creatures could one day be lost to history.
How many giraffes were there in Africa 15 years ago
A.bout 80,000. B.About 130,000.
C.About 150,000. D.About 200,000.
9. What does the underlined word "plummeted" probably mean is Paragraph 2
A. Decreased quickly. B. Increased slowly.
C. Stopped growing. D. Kept a balance.
10. What David O'Connor said in Paragraph 5 implies that .
A. there are still quite many giraffes in the world
B. zoos are the best place for giraffes to stay safely
C. many people have misunderstood giraffes' situation
D. humans have built up a good relationship with giraffes
11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The bad situation of giraffes. B. Humans’ efforts to protect giraffes.
C. Conservation measures to be taken soon.
D. Giraffes' being included in the endangered list.
D
A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities（个性）and food experiences.“One week later,” Loftus says,“we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and il came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail（细节）: “You got sick after eating strawberry ice. cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured（人为促生的）memory through leading questions.Who were you with How did you feel By the end of the study,up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick,and many said they'd avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings,she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries.Unfortunately,that's not easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that they can be implanted（灌输）only in people who are unaware of the mental control.And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.
Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say,wake up-parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that,you might think that's a more moral lie.Decide that for yourself.”
12. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions
A. To improve her computer program.
B.To find out their attitudes towards food.
C. To find out details she can make use of.
D.To predict what food they'll like in the future.
13.What did Loftus find out from her research
A. People believe what the computer tells them.
B. People can be led to believe in something false.
C.People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D. People are not always aware of their personalities.
14. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Foods. B.Findings. C. False memories. D. French fries.
15. What is the biggest concern with the method
A.Whether it is moral. B.Who it is best for.
C.When it is effective. D. How it should be used.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever been in a situation where you have done something just to make someone else happy
You think that you are making yourself happy. 16 I have done that many times because I wanted to impress people or I thought that if I made someone else happy it would certainly make me happy. I understand that all of us want our close friends and family to be proud of us, so we work hard in school or in our careers to meet their expectations. 17 But if you are trying to realize other people’s dreams without keeping yourself satisfied, you will never be happy.
So you have to be clear and honest with yourself about what you want in your life. If you are honest with yourself,you will be more optimistic. 18 You feel like you won't need to achieve something for someone else.
19 They fear to be rejected by others. They think and say “If I choose this job or career path,that person will think I am out of my mind”, or “I really want to start this business but those people will think that I won’t make any money”. 20 Don't think this way. If you follow other people's wishes but cannot be true to yourself, you will have a hard time feeling great about yourself.
A. There is nothing wrong with that.
B. So why don't I follow what they say
C.So we should try our best to realize our dreams.
D.And you will get the motivation from your heart.
E. But we sometimes have to meet expectations from others.
F.The truth is that you are really trying to make someone else happy.
G. Why do so many people want to live their dreams for someone else
阅读理解限时训练四答案详解
第一节
（A）本文介绍了四个古代的剧院。
1．A 细节理解题。由 The Greek Theater中的“Ancient Greektheaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time.”可知，希腊 剧院建在山上是为了容纳更多的观众。故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。由The Elizabethan Theater中的“Very little scenery was used,so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.”可知，在伊丽莎白剧院，演员的声音和言语能帮助创造场景。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。由 The Restoration Theater 中“Manyspecialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea...”可知，在王政复辟时期剧院舞台设计巧妙。故选B项。
（B）本文主要讲的是Saunders本来是一个完全不擅长运动的学生，15岁生日收到的一辆山地车慢慢改变了他，后来他经过努力成为了跨越南海岸的南极和南极洲的第一人。
4．D 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“Gradually，Saunders set uphis mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength.”可 知，选项D正确。
5．C 推理判断题。根据该词所在句及后一句可知，Saunders 对exploits非常感兴趣，并且去阅读所有关于北极探险家和冒险方面的书籍，由此可见该词与冒险活动的研究有关，故选项C正确。
6．D 细节理解题。本题要求我们按照事情发生时间来进行排序。我们可以运用首尾定位法，第一步是c.He rode his bike in aforest.，最后一步是 d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.，故 本题答案选D。解答这类题，还可使用“比较法”，即通过比较答案的异同，从而找到突破口。通过比较我们发现，这道题只需要分辨出a和c的先后顺序即可缩小答案范围。根据第二段内容可知，Saunders是在15岁到森林中骑车，18岁时首次跑马拉松，故可以排除A项和C项。接下来只需比较d和a的先后顺序即可得出答案D。
7．A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Saunders从一个不擅长运动到经过努力成为一名滑雪健将的故事，由此可见Saunders在运动方面是一个成功人士，B、C、D选项文章均有提及，但过于片面，只有选项A最全面，最具概括性，故选A项。
（C）在非洲，长颈鹿的数量骤减。由于很多人认识不到长颈鹿面临的严峻现状，这一物种面临着在悄无声息中走向灭绝的危险。
8．B 数字计算题。根据第一段可知，非洲长颈鹿的数量在15年的时间里减少了约40％；根据第二段第一句可知，目前非洲长颈鹿的数量是8万。综上可推知，15年前非洲长颈鹿的数量约为13万。
9．A 词义猜测题。联系第一段中提到的数据和画线词后的 “due to habitat loss and over-hunting”可推知，此处是说长颈鹿的数量“骤然下降”。
10．C 推理判断题。分析语段结构和关系可知，第五段是为了进一步说明第四段最后一句讲的观点：人们在生活中经常看到长颈鹿，所以很容易认为世界上还有很多长颈鹿。也就是说，DavidO＇Connor的话暗示了人们对长颈鹿的严峻现状缺乏正确的理解。
11．B 段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲了人类为了保护长颈鹿而付出的努力。
（D）本文主要介绍了一种出人意料的让人们避免不健康食物的方法-改变人们的记忆。
12．C 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，Loftus 询问志愿者们关于个性和饮食经历的问题，这样做的目的是想通过提问获取更多可利用的细节，然后将某个细节转换成人为促生的记忆，即改变他们的记忆。故选C项。
13．B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句＂By the end of thestudy,up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said they＇d avoid eating it.”可知， 在研究终止时，那些被灌输了假记忆的人群中，有41％的人相信了自己曾因草莓雪糕而生病，并且很多人说他们会避免再吃草莓雪糕。由此可见，人们经过误导会相信一些假的事情。选项B正确。
14．C 代词指代题。画线词所在句及其前一句句意为：错误记忆似乎只对不经常吃的食物有效。但最重要的是，它们很可能只能被灌输到那些不知道精神控制的人身上。由此可推断，they应指代上一句中的false memories，故选C项。
15．A 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句及第三段最后两句可知，欺骗病人是不道德的，即便医生认为这样做是为了病人好。如果它们可以预防由肥胖引起的疾病以及随之而来的所有其他问题，你可能会认为这是一个更道德的谎言。由此可见，改变记忆这种方法最大的担忧在于其是否道德，故选A项。
第二节
文章主要讲了人活着不要只为了取悦别人，而是要忠于自己，想明白自己想要什么。
16．F 空前句讲了你认为你在让自己快乐；空后句提到“我”有过很多次这样的经历：如果“我”让别人快乐，那肯定会让“我”快乐。换言之，想让自己快乐，得让别人快乐，故选F项。
17．A 空前句提到我们希望通过努力达到朋友和家人的期望；空后句But一词可知进行转折，由此可推断空格处应是对前面观点的看法，选项A“这并没有什么不对。”符合逻辑。故选A项。
18．D 前文提到如果你忠于自己，你会更加乐观。选项D中的“And you will...”与前文“you will...”属于结构复现，故选D项。
19．G 由空格后内容可知，本段主要讲人们想为别人实现梦想的原因，故选G项。
20．B 前文提到，他们害怕被别人排斥。他们认为说“如果我选择这份工作或职业道路，那个人会认为我疯了”，或“我真的想创业，但那些人会认为我不会赚钱”。正是因为听信了他们所说的，我们才变成了为别人实现梦想，故选B项。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Theaters of the Past
The Greek Theater
Theaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due to this, actors placed stress on exaggerated（夸张的）action and speech.And colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.
The Medieval Theater
The Medieval theater started in churches. At fist, it became a custom for priests（牧师）to act out brief scenes during Christmas and Easter.These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again,so ordinary people began these performances in the town square.
The Elizabethan Theater
The distinguishing feature of Elizabethan theater was the stage.It has three parts:The fore stage for outside scenes:the inner stage for scenes inside a building;an upper stage or balcony for various purposes.The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes,or breaks during the play.Very little scenery was used,so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.
The Restoration Theater
Some of the plays told sad stories,but the majority of the plays were really funny.Many specialized machines were used to create the scene.The stage was a very clever idea,in that on the sides of the stage large back shutters （百叶窗）were painted with the scene.
Why were ancient Greek theaters built on hills
To hold a large audience. B. To have a better sound effect.
C.to build a big and strong stage. D. To stress exaggerated performances.
2.Which theater mainly depended on actors’ voices and speech to create scenes
A.The Greek Theater B.The Medieval Theater.
C. The Elizabethan Theater. D.The Restoration Theater.
3.What is special about the Restoration Theater
A. Colorful masks were used. B.The stage was smartly designed.
C. Most of its plays were sorrowful. D.Ordinary people were the performers.
B
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team."Football,tennis, cricket-anything with a round ball, I was useless," he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire,England.
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him.At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest.Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend.Gradually,Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength.Al the age of 18,he ran his first marathon.
The following year,he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway's School of Adventure in Scotland,where he learned about Ridgway's cold-water exploits.Greatly interested,Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures,then decided that this would be his future.
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier，Saunders started his first long-distance expedition（探险）towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite（冻疮）, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled（雪橇）up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole,and he's skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.
Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometre journey that has never been completed on skis.
4.What change happened to Saunders after his 15th birthday
A. He joined a sports team.
B.He became good at most sports.
C.He made friends with a dinner.
D.The began to strengthen and improve himself.
5.What does the underlined word "exploits"in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Journeys. B.Researches. C.Adventures. D.Operations.
6. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders
a. He ran his first marathon.
b.He skied alone in the North Pole.
c.He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A.acdb B.cdab C.acbd Dcabel
7.What does the story mainly tell us about Saunders
A. He is a success in sports. B.He is the best British skier.
C.He is Ridgway's favorite student. D. He is a good instructor at school.
C
The giraffe population in Africa has dropped by about 40 percent in just 15 years,according to the Giraffe Conservation Foundation.
The organization's director,Dr Julian Fennessy, told ABC News: “It's a silent extinction,” pointing out that the number of giraffes has fallen to 80,000. In what is a familiar situation for many species, the giraffe population has plummeted due to habitat loss and over-hunting.
Unfortunately for giraffes, their skin can be used to make several clothing items,and countries such as Tanzania have come to believe eating parts of the animal can cure AIDS. Hunters, for their part, can earn money from the animal's meat without a great deal of effort.
And while animals such as elephants and rhinos（犀牛）get a large share of conservation attention, why does it seem like a “silent” extinction Experts respond that they are such a presence in our lives that it is easy to think the species is always in large numbers,
“Giraffes are everywhere.Look at kids' books,which are full of giraffes.They're always in zoo collections. They’re easily seen, so you don’t think we have to worry about them.” David O’Connor, research coordinator（协调 员）with the San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research，told Scientific American.
Groups such as Giraffe Conservation Foundation hope that by sounding the alarm about the bad situation of the gentle giants,African nations might take a harder look at stricter conservation measures.There are other efforts taken to make sure that the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of endangered species includes all the latest information about giraffes,and make people get to know that the creatures could one day be lost to history.
How many giraffes were there in Africa 15 years ago
A.bout 80,000. B.About 130,000.
C.About 150,000. D.About 200,000.
9. What does the underlined word "plummeted" probably mean is Paragraph 2
A. Decreased quickly. B. Increased slowly.
C. Stopped growing. D. Kept a balance.
10. What David O'Connor said in Paragraph 5 implies that .
A. there are still quite many giraffes in the world
B. zoos are the best place for giraffes to stay safely
C. many people have misunderstood giraffes' situation
D. humans have built up a good relationship with giraffes
11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The bad situation of giraffes. B. Humans’ efforts to protect giraffes.
C. Conservation measures to be taken soon.
D. Giraffes' being included in the endangered list.
D
A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories.Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities（个性）and food experiences.“One week later,” Loftus says,“we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and il came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail（细节）: “You got sick after eating strawberry ice. cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured（人为促生的）memory through leading questions.Who were you with How did you feel By the end of the study,up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick,and many said they'd avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings,she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries.Unfortunately,that's not easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that they can be implanted（灌输）only in people who are unaware of the mental control.And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.
Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say,wake up-parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that,you might think that's a more moral lie.Decide that for yourself.”
12. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions
A. To improve her computer program.
B.To find out their attitudes towards food.
C. To find out details she can make use of.
D.To predict what food they'll like in the future.
13.What did Loftus find out from her research
A. People believe what the computer tells them.
B. People can be led to believe in something false.
C.People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D. People are not always aware of their personalities.
14. What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Foods. B.Findings. C. False memories. D. French fries.
15. What is the biggest concern with the method
A.Whether it is moral. B.Who it is best for.
C.When it is effective. D. How it should be used.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever been in a situation where you have done something just to make someone else happy
You think that you are making yourself happy. 16 I have done that many times because I wanted to impress people or I thought that if I made someone else happy it would certainly make me happy. I understand that all of us want our close friends and family to be proud of us, so we work hard in school or in our careers to meet their expectations. 17 But if you are trying to realize other people’s dreams without keeping yourself satisfied, you will never be happy.
So you have to be clear and honest with yourself about what you want in your life. If you are honest with yourself,you will be more optimistic. 18 You feel like you won't need to achieve something for someone else.
19 They fear to be rejected by others. They think and say “If I choose this job or career path,that person will think I am out of my mind”, or “I really want to start this business but those people will think that I won’t make any money”. 20 Don't think this way. If you follow other people's wishes but cannot be true to yourself, you will have a hard time feeling great about yourself.
A. There is nothing wrong with that.
B. So why don't I follow what they say
C.So we should try our best to realize our dreams.
D.And you will get the motivation from your heart.
E. But we sometimes have to meet expectations from others.
F.The truth is that you are really trying to make someone else happy.
G. Why do so many people want to live their dreams for someone else
阅读理解限时训练四答案详解
第一节
（A）本文介绍了四个古代的剧院。
1．A 细节理解题。由 The Greek Theater中的“Ancient Greektheaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time.”可知，希腊 剧院建在山上是为了容纳更多的观众。故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。由The Elizabethan Theater中的“Very little scenery was used,so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.”可知，在伊丽莎白剧院，演员的声音和言语能帮助创造场景。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。由 The Restoration Theater 中“Manyspecialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever idea...”可知，在王政复辟时期剧院舞台设计巧妙。故选B项。
（B）本文主要讲的是Saunders本来是一个完全不擅长运动的学生，15岁生日收到的一辆山地车慢慢改变了他，后来他经过努力成为了跨越南海岸的南极和南极洲的第一人。
4．D 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“Gradually，Saunders set uphis mind on building up his body，increasing his speed and strength.”可 知，选项D正确。
5．C 推理判断题。根据该词所在句及后一句可知，Saunders 对exploits非常感兴趣，并且去阅读所有关于北极探险家和冒险方面的书籍，由此可见该词与冒险活动的研究有关，故选项C正确。
6．D 细节理解题。本题要求我们按照事情发生时间来进行排序。我们可以运用首尾定位法，第一步是c.He rode his bike in aforest.，最后一步是 d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.，故 本题答案选D。解答这类题，还可使用“比较法”，即通过比较答案的异同，从而找到突破口。通过比较我们发现，这道题只需要分辨出a和c的先后顺序即可缩小答案范围。根据第二段内容可知，Saunders是在15岁到森林中骑车，18岁时首次跑马拉松，故可以排除A项和C项。接下来只需比较d和a的先后顺序即可得出答案D。
7．A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了Saunders从一个不擅长运动到经过努力成为一名滑雪健将的故事，由此可见Saunders在运动方面是一个成功人士，B、C、D选项文章均有提及，但过于片面，只有选项A最全面，最具概括性，故选A项。
（C）在非洲，长颈鹿的数量骤减。由于很多人认识不到长颈鹿面临的严峻现状，这一物种面临着在悄无声息中走向灭绝的危险。
8．B 数字计算题。根据第一段可知，非洲长颈鹿的数量在15年的时间里减少了约40％；根据第二段第一句可知，目前非洲长颈鹿的数量是8万。综上可推知，15年前非洲长颈鹿的数量约为13万。
9．A 词义猜测题。联系第一段中提到的数据和画线词后的 “due to habitat loss and over-hunting”可推知，此处是说长颈鹿的数量“骤然下降”。
10．C 推理判断题。分析语段结构和关系可知，第五段是为了进一步说明第四段最后一句讲的观点：人们在生活中经常看到长颈鹿，所以很容易认为世界上还有很多长颈鹿。也就是说，DavidO＇Connor的话暗示了人们对长颈鹿的严峻现状缺乏正确的理解。
11．B 段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲了人类为了保护长颈鹿而付出的努力。
（D）本文主要介绍了一种出人意料的让人们避免不健康食物的方法-改变人们的记忆。
12．C 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，Loftus 询问志愿者们关于个性和饮食经历的问题，这样做的目的是想通过提问获取更多可利用的细节，然后将某个细节转换成人为促生的记忆，即改变他们的记忆。故选C项。
13．B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句＂By the end of thestudy,up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick，and many said they＇d avoid eating it.”可知， 在研究终止时，那些被灌输了假记忆的人群中，有41％的人相信了自己曾因草莓雪糕而生病，并且很多人说他们会避免再吃草莓雪糕。由此可见，人们经过误导会相信一些假的事情。选项B正确。
14．C 代词指代题。画线词所在句及其前一句句意为：错误记忆似乎只对不经常吃的食物有效。但最重要的是，它们很可能只能被灌输到那些不知道精神控制的人身上。由此可推断，they应指代上一句中的false memories，故选C项。
15．A 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句及第三段最后两句可知，欺骗病人是不道德的，即便医生认为这样做是为了病人好。如果它们可以预防由肥胖引起的疾病以及随之而来的所有其他问题，你可能会认为这是一个更道德的谎言。由此可见，改变记忆这种方法最大的担忧在于其是否道德，故选A项。
第二节
文章主要讲了人活着不要只为了取悦别人，而是要忠于自己，想明白自己想要什么。
16．F 空前句讲了你认为你在让自己快乐；空后句提到“我”有过很多次这样的经历：如果“我”让别人快乐，那肯定会让“我”快乐。换言之，想让自己快乐，得让别人快乐，故选F项。
17．A 空前句提到我们希望通过努力达到朋友和家人的期望；空后句But一词可知进行转折，由此可推断空格处应是对前面观点的看法，选项A“这并没有什么不对。”符合逻辑。故选A项。
18．D 前文提到如果你忠于自己，你会更加乐观。选项D中的“And you will...”与前文“you will...”属于结构复现，故选D项。
19．G 由空格后内容可知，本段主要讲人们想为别人实现梦想的原因，故选G项。
20．B 前文提到，他们害怕被别人排斥。他们认为说“如果我选择这份工作或职业道路，那个人会认为我疯了”，或“我真的想创业，但那些人会认为我不会赚钱”。正是因为听信了他们所说的，我们才变成了为别人实现梦想，故选B项。