Festival around the world
------（必修 3 unit 1 人教新课标）2
Part 2: Teaching Resources
(第二部分：教学资源)
Section 1: A text structure analysis of FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
1. Type of writing and summary of the text
Type of writing This is a piece of descriptive writing.
Main idea of the passage
Festivals and celebrations of all kinds, such as festivals of the dead, festivals to honour people, harvest festivals and spring festivals, have been held ever since the ancient times.
Topic sentence of 1st paragraph Ancient festivals celebrate the end of the cold weather and the hunting of animals.
Topic sentence of 2nd paragraph Festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors.
Topic sentence of 3rd paragraph Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods.
Topic sentence of 4th paragraph Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.
Topic sentence of 5th paragraph The most energetic and important festivals are the ones at the end of the winter and the coming of spring.
2. A box graph of the text
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Section 2: Background information for Unit1 Festivals around the world
1. What is a festival?
a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration
an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); “a drama festival.”
From Latin, joyful. Another way of describing a Feast Day.
A special day or season of the year to celebrate an event of importance to a religion. They were and are times of feasting (hence the name) and are often associated with holidays ('holy-days')
A special occasion during the church year.
a religious celebration.
A ceremonial parade
2. Traditional Chinese Festivals
Spring Festival
春节 The most important festival in China is the Spring Festival. Since all the traditional festivals in China are based on the Chinese lunar calendar, the Spring Festival marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New Year.
At this festival, people bring out their bounty from hunting, fishing and the field to thank the gods and ancestors for the blessings.
The first meal in Spring Festival is rather important. Family members will have a reunion to eat together. According to historical records, people from both north and south ate dumplings on Chinese New Year's Day. Dumpling means midnight or the end and the beginning of time.
To pay a New Year visit is an important event during the Spring Festival. And from the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, ordinary people began to exchange cards.
The recreational activities during the Spring Festival are various and colorful. The traditional performances are Dragon Dance and Lion Dance. On New Year's Eve firecrackers are ubiquitous.
Mid
-Autumn Festival
中秋节 Chinese ancestors believed that the seventh, eighth, and ninth lunar months belong to autumn. So the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.
Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back more than 2,000 years. In feudal times, Chinese emperors prayed to Heaven for a prosperous year.
There is a beautiful legend about the moon. A long time ago, a terrible drought plagued the earth. Ten suns burned fiercely in the sky like smoldering volcanoes. The king of Heaven sent Hou Yi down to the earth to shoot down nine suns. A beautiful girl named Chang'e fell in love with him. The two soon married. The Goddess rewards Hou Yi with an elixir. Unfortunately an evil man murdered Hou Yi. Chang'e had to eat the elixir herself and decided to choose living on the moon.
Because the full moon is round and symbolizes reunion, the Mid-Autumn Festival is also known as the festival of reunion. People will eat moon-cakes at this festival for cakes shaped like the moon. So don't forget to taste all the delicious moon-cakes at the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Yuanxiao Festival 元宵节 The Yuanxiao Festival is on the 15th of the first lunar month. That night there is a full moon, and every household is decorated with colorful lanterns and prepares yuanxiao, a kind of round dumpling made of glutinous rice flour with sweet of salted fillings, which is boiled or fried. When night falls, people go into the street, where exquisite lanterns of diverse designs are hung. Some are pasted with riddles for the passers-by to solve.
Laba and the Eight-Treasure Porridge 腊八和八宝粥 Laba is celebrated on the eighth day of the 12th lunar month, because La in Chinese means the 12th lunar month and Ba means eight. The eighth day of that month was considered a day for sacrifice to the gods and ancestors to ensure a peaceful life and a good harvest for the next year. On this day, people will eat Labazhou--the eight-treasure porridge, referring to the many nutritious ingredients used in this porridge.
The eight-treasure porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty about 900 years ago. According to written records, large Buddhist temples would offer it to the poor to show their faith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty about 500 years ago, it became such a holy food that emperors would offer it to their officials during festivals. As it gained favor in the feudal upper class, it also quickly became popular throughout the country.
Festival around the world
------（必修 3 unit 1 人教新课标）1
Part 1: Teaching Design
(第一部分：教学设计)
Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language
(A SAD LOVE STORY)
Aims
To help students read the passage A SAD LOVE STORY
To help students to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing
Procedures
I. Warming up by talking about “carnival.”
What is a carnival?
1. The period of merrymaking and feasting celebrated just before Lent.
2. A traveling amusement show usually including rides, games, and sideshows.
A festival or revel: winter carnival.
carnival, communal celebration, especially the religious celebration in Catholic countries that takes place just before Lent. Since early times carnivals have been accompanied by parades, masquerades, pageants, and other forms of revelry that had their origins in pre-Christian pagan rites, particularly fertility rites that were connected with the coming of spring and the rebirth of vegetation.
In recent times, the term carnival has also been loosely applied to include local festivals, traveling circuses, bazaars, and other celebrations of a joyous nature, regardless of their purpose or their season.
II. Listening
There is a big and famous carnival in Trinidad every February. Li Mei and Wu Ping are there. Listen to the tape and answer the questions on page 6.
III. Speaking
You have visited America and you have returned home to China. You are phoning your friend in America to thank him for the visit. These expressions might help you.
Could/ Would you please…? I’d love to…
It’s very kind of you… I look forward to…
Thank you very much/ Thanks a lot. It was a pleasure…
You’re most welcome. Don’t mention it.
1. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage A SAD LOVE STORY. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from A SAD LOVE STORY
meet sb. at the coffee shop在咖啡店遇到某人, after work下班后, turn up突然出现；到场；调低（收音机等）, right now, laugh at 嘲笑, keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言, look forward to ~ing期待做某事, all day整天, be alone with sb.与某人在一起, be like a fool像个傻瓜, hold one’s breath屏息；屏气, drown one’s sadness in coffee, it is obvious that…显然……, wait for…to leave等待……离开, wipe the table擦桌子, sit down坐下, turn on the TV打开电视, a weaving girl织女, a herd boy牛郎, fall in love with与……相爱, get married secretly秘密结婚, be married to sb.嫁给/娶了某人, become angry变得生气, return to Heaven, cross the river过河, once a year一年一次, make… of…, on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month每年七月初七, hear about听说, set off for home动身回家, throw… away, remind sb. of…提醒某人想起……, pass… on the corner on one’s way home在回家路上, hear…~do/ ~ing, wave at sb. 向某人挥手, have a gift for sb.给某人一个礼物 a happy Valentine’s Day一个快乐情人节
2. Speaking
Turn to page 8 and with a partner, find the answers to the questions:
Why did Li Fang feel like a fool? →Because he was alone and heart-broken.
What was Li Fang afraid that Hu Jin was doing? →She could be with her friends laughing at him.
How did Li Fang know the manager wanted to shut the coffee shop? →He saw the manager wipe the tables, sit down and turn on the TV.
Why do people want the weather to be fine on Qiqiaojie? →Because if it rains Zhinu would weep and the couple wouldn’t be able to meet.
What is the reason why Li Fang and Hu Jin did not meet on time? →For Li Fang had gone to the wrong place to meet Hu Jin. They should meet at the tea shop.
Why was Li Fang so worried at the end of the story? →Because he had no gifts for Hu Jin.
3. Acting
Next we are going to put the text A Sad Love Story on stage, that is, to play the story.
IV. Guided writing
1. Writing an imagined and different ending to the story of Li Fang, beginning with:
As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way…
2. Writing a description
To inform the foreigners of the Chinese culture, you are to write a description of Qiqiaojie in English. You may begin like this:
Love story for this day is about the 7th daughter of Emperor of Heaven and an orphaned cowherd. They were separated by the Emperor. The 7th daughter was forced to move to the star Vega and the cowherd moved to the star Altair. They were allowed to meet only once a year on the day of 7th day of 7th lunar month.
V. Further applying
1. Finding information
Go to the library to read or get online to search in order to find more information on festivals and celebrations. Take notes of your findings and report them to your group mates next period.
2. Writing letters
Write a letter either to Zhinu or Niulang, telling about the modern life and the modern love.
VI. Closing down
Closing down by filling a form
Make use of the text and others to fill in the form.
TWO SAD LOVE STORIES
OF Li Fang and Hu Jin
Of Niulang and Zhinu
Closing down by describing the stars of Vega and Altair
To end this period, I am going to ask you to write a short passage to describe to the class the two stars of Vega and Altair which are related to Qiqiaojie, the Chinese Valentine’s Day.
Festival around the world
------（必修 3 unit 1 人教新课标）3
教材分析和教材重组
教材分析
本单元以节日为话题，介绍了世界各地的一些节日、含义、由来和民俗。通过本单元的学习，可以帮助学生更多地了解节日、体味文化；同时又能教育学生理解、尊重不同的文化和习俗。通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生学会使用请求以及感谢的表达法。
1. Warming Up 要求学生以小组形式完成一个表格填充，列出中国的五个节日和这些节日的时间、庆祝的内容以及节日里人们的所作所为。激发学生的阅读兴趣，为本单元Reading部分的世界节日做好铺垫。
2. Pre-reading 通过若干个问题了解学生对节日的认识，比如：你最喜欢的节日是什么？你喜欢与家人还是与朋友共度佳节？你喜欢节日的哪部分——音乐、拜访朋友，可看的还是可吃的？
3. Reading 由五篇小短文组成，分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节和春天的节日等，使学生了解节日的由来及其存在的意义。最古老的节日主要庆祝冬天的结束，春天的播种，秋天的收获等。鬼节是为祭奠亡灵，取悦祖先而举行的节日，例如日本的盂兰盆节（Obon），墨西哥的亡灵节，万圣节（Halloween）等。纪念名人的节日有中国的端午节，美国的哥伦布日，印度的甘地纪念日。春天的节日包括中国的春节，西方的狂欢节、复活节，日本的樱花节。
4. Comprehending 第一部分提出的6个问题让学生对所读文章有一个浅层理解。第二部分要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，结合所读文章和自己的想法填表。第三部分要求找出各个节日中共有的三件事，然后与同伴讨论为什么这些事情对各地的人们都是重要的。这一任务不仅使学生重温所读文章的内容，而且结合他们的实际，给学生机会阐述自己的想法和观点，挖掘学生的思维潜力。这3个练习的设置由表及里，由浅入深，非常科学。
5. Learning about Language 主要突出本单元的重点词汇和主要语法项目。通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握情态动词may/ might，can/could，will/would，shall/should，must/can的各种语用功能。
6. Using Language涵盖了听、说、读、写四个部分。Listening通过几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练他们的听力又通过回答问题训练他们的分析能力。Speaking分为两部分。第一部分主要通过电话对话突出本单元交际功能用语的训练。第二部分让学生根据上段的“你”刚从Trinidad回来编对话，学生可以按自己的想象和经历编写谈话内容，这样做有助于训练学生的思维。Reading部分主要讲述发生在情人节的一个伤心的爱情故事。故事中有穿插一个“乞巧节”的传说。阅读后的讨论不但帮助学生理解文章的主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。Writing主要是要求学生根据上面阅读文章的内容写一个与文章结尾不同的结局，让学生通过思考写出自己的思想、自己的做法，尝试自己解决问题。
教材重组
1.将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。
2.将Learning about Language和Workbook中的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。
3.将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。
4.将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。
5.将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。
课时分配
1st Period Reading
2nd Period Language study
3rd Period Integrating skills(Ⅰ)
4th Period Listening and Speaking
5th Period Integrating skills(Ⅱ)
Part 1: Teaching Design
(第一部分：教学设计)
Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading
(FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS)
Aims
To help students develop their reading ability
To help students learn about festivals
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by discussing
Good morning, class. Today we are going to read about FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. But first, I’d like to have you work in groups and list five Chinese festivals that you know. When do they take place? What do they celebrate? And what do people do at that time?
Warming up by watching and listening
Hi, every one. Look at the photos and listen to me telling you about some Western Festivals.
Some Western Festivals
Valentine’s Day , February 14 情人节
Candy, flowers and other tokens of affection are exchanged on this day, in honor of two martyrs, both named St. Valentine.
April Fool’s Day, April 1 愚人节
Franksters feel that it is permissible to play
all sorts of tricks on this day.
Mother’s Day 母亲节
The second Sunday in May, set aside to honor mothers.
Father’s Day 父亲节
The third Sunday in June, set aside to honor fathers.
Halloween , October 31 万圣节
A special day for making merry, wearing costumes and playing old-fashioned games. A favorite with children.
Easter 复活节
A Christian holy day in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life.
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
Generally the fourth Thursday in November, set aside for national thanksgiving, especially for our democratic form of government. It is a legal holiday in all states.
Labor’s Day 劳动节
The first Monday in September. Set aside to honor labor, it is a legal holiday in all states.
Christmas Day, December 25 圣诞节
This is both a legal and religious holiday, it observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday.
Warming up by learning vocabulary
Turn to page 96, and go over the vocabulary list for Unit 1. Find out the relationship between the spelling and the pronunciation.
II. Pre-reading
1. Imagining and sharing
Hello! Now you can celebrate everyday!
Everyday is a holiday. Imagine somewhere someone is celebrating right now. Our world is filled with mystical celebrations and powerful memories. Come and tell the class what holiday it is today.
2. Talking and sharing
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates what festivals or celebrations you enjoy in your city or town.
III. Reading
1. Listening to the recording
Now please listen to the recording of the text FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. I will play the tape twice.
2. Reading and underlining
Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.
Collocations from FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
hold festivals and celebrations, catch animals, have food吃饭, light fires, make music, bring a year of plenty带来富足的一年, honour the dead纪念死去了的人, satisfy and please sb.讨好取悦某人, do harm to对……有害, clean the graves扫墓, light incense, in memory of 纪念；追念, light lamps, play music, lead sb. back to earth, on an important feast day, in the shake of sth., offer sth. to sb., have the origin as an event, ask for sth., dress up乔装打扮；穿上盛装, play a trick诈骗；开玩笑, hold festivals as an honour to sb., a national holiday, gain …’s independence, gather… for…, a season of agricultural work, decorate churches with 用……装饰教堂, get together聚会, have meals吃饭, win awards for sth., admire the moon, give gifts of moon cakes, an energetic and important festival, look forward to期望；期待；盼望, eat dumplings吃饺子, give sb. lucky money给某人压岁钱, in red paper, dragon dances, celebrate the lunar New Year庆祝阴历的新年, take place发生, day and night日日夜夜, loud music, colourful clothing of all kinds, an important religious and social festival, be covered with 由……覆盖., have fun with each other彼此玩得开心, enjoy life享受生活, be proud of为……自豪, forget sth. for a little while暂时忘记某事
4. Reading and transferring information
Read the text again to complete the table listing festivals and their celebrations.
FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
Ancient Festivals
Festival of the Dead
Festival to Honour People
Harvest Festival
Spring Festival
Celebrate the end of the cold weather, …
4. Reading and understanding difficult sentences
As you have read the text, you can surely tell which sentences are difficult to understand. Now put your questions concerning the difficult points to me.
IV. Closing down by doing exercises
To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 on page 3.
Closing down by learning the text by heart
In the last few minutes you are asked to learn the text by heart. You may make use of the table you filled in just now.
Additional Materials
Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.
FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
We have 1___ of festivals. Ancient people held festivals and celebrations to celebrate the end of winter or the catching of animals.
Some festivals are in 2___ of the ancestors. They light lamps, play music on an important feast day, offering good things to the dead.
People hold festivals as an 3____ to famous people or to the gods. These festivals have their 4___ as an event, like the Dragon Boat Festival which honors the famous 5____ Qu Yuan. .
Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals are held in many countries. People decorate churches, get together, have meals or win awards for competitions. On Mid-Autumn Festival people 6___ the moon and have moon cakes.
Chinese New Year is an 7___ and important festival. People look 8___ to 9____ up, eating dumplings, giving children lucky money in red paper, playing dragon dances. The celebration of the lunar New Year may take 10___ throughout the country, day and night. It is an important religious and social festival.
（Key：1. plenty 2. memory 3. honour 4. origins 5. poet 6. admire 7. energetic 8. forward 9. dressing 10. place）
Comprehension questions
1. How many kinds of festivals does the passage refer to?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5
2. The festival to honor famous people is___.
A. Obon B. the Dragon Boat Festival C. Halloween D. Easter
3. The children usually do the following EXCEPT ___ on Halloween Day.
A. play the “trick or treat” game B. dress up to frighten people
C. have pumpkin pie D. eat cakes with “bones” on them
4. Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?
A. Thanksgiving Day is to celebrate harvest. B. Obon is in memory of the dead ancestors.
C. The Dragon Boat Festival is named after an old competition.
D. The carnivals usually take place in February.
（Key：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C）
Notes to some difficult sentences
1. Discuss when they take place. (Warming up)
take place 表示 “发生、产生”。
比较happen与take place:
happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生
take place必然性的发生
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
We don’t know what has happened to the poor mother.
2. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. (Reading)
这里festivals and celebrations of all kinds = all kinds of festivals and celebrations。
又如：experiments of this kind = this kind of experiments
—You said he was old. 你说他老了。
—I never said anything of the kind.（=I said nothing at all like that.）我从来没有说过那种话！
注意of a kind的含义：
1) of the same kind：Father and son are two of a kind. They’re both generous.
2) of a not very good kind：It’s advice of a kind，but it wasn’t very helpful.
3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and the coming of spring. (Reading)
look forward to期待, to 在这里是介词。
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
下列短语中的to 也是介词。
1.be similar to与……相似
2.be/get engaged to（与某人）订婚
3. relate…to/with把……与……联系起来，be related to 与……有关系
4. be/become/get addicted to“对……上瘾；沉溺于”
5. look up to尊敬；钦佩
6．A is to B what C is to D. “A对B而言正如C对D一样。”
7. belong to 属于；是……的成员之一
8. contribute to “为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿”
9. available( to)可获得的；可用的；可看见的
10. to the full/fullest充分地；尽情地；非常
11. witness to“为……作证；出庭证明；证实；说明”
12. attend to“处理；专心于；注意”
13. have access to接近；进入
14. put an end to结束；制止
15. lead to导致；招致
16. come to life恢复生气；活跃起来
17. set an example to为……树立榜样
18. get used to适应于……；习惯于……
19. tend to朝某方向；趋于
20. date back to追溯到；始于
21. object to反对；讨厌
22. according to根据
23. adjust to适应
24. draw attention to吸引某人的注意力
25. open a /the door to/for为……创造条件，给……开门，给……以方便
4. The country is covered with cherry trees flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.
as though=as if好像;仿佛;似乎；
The boy looks as if he were a big man.
5. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit. (Reading)
it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit。
6. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. (Reading)
play a trick (on sb) 在这里是“捉弄某人”的意思。类似是表达还有laugh at sb 嘲笑某人；make jokes about sb开某人的玩笑。
The naughty children like playing tricks on their maths teacher.
Don’t laugh at the people in trouble.
How dare you make jokes about your boss?
7. Because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. (Reading)
year/ day/ life of plenty表示“富足的年景/日子/生活”。
You have a life of plenty， what would you be worried about？
英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。
1. can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：
Accidents can happen．Anybody can make mistakes．
如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may, could或might等。
We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year．
Will you answer the telephone？It could／may／might be your mother．
2.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：
—Could I use your telephone？—Yes, please go ahead．
3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was／were able to而不能用could。如：
It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside．
The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test．
4．must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。
1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination．
Years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money．
2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：
We must be strict with ourselves in everything．
In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks．
5．must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。
1) “must＋动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must＋be＋-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：
The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖
2) “must＋have＋过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didn’t否则，疑问部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如：
The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖
6．shall可以用来征求对方意见，用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：
Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意见)
You shall go to the front at once．(命令)
Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．（允诺）
He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．(决心)
7．在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will（这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时）。如：
If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(误)
If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(正)
当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：
If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English．
如果你愿意听我的话，我将给你提点学习英语的建议。
If you will come this way，the manager will meet you．
请您往这边走，经理现在要见你。
8．should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：
The American friends should be here now．
“should／ought to＋have＋过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、责备、赞叹等情绪。如：
You should have told her about it the day before yesterday．
It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years．
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意使用不同的情态动词句子的意思就有所不同。
9．ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：
We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work．
She is your mother, so you ought to support her．
We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will．
10．need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如：
We need report the matter to the boss immediately．(误)
We must report the matter to the boss immediately．（正）
We need to report the matter to the boss immediately．（正）
dare的用法也一样。
dare与need 的用法
1) dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。
a. How dare you say I’m unfair?
b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she?
c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.
2) need表示”需要”或”必须”,作情态动词用时,仅用于否定句或疑问句、条件从句中。“有……必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替。
a. You needn’t come so early.
b. —Need I finish the work today?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
c. If you need go there, please let me know.
3) dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是,在肯定句中, dare 后面通常接带to的不定式; 在否定和疑问句中, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式。
a. I dare to swim across the river
b. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
c. We need time and money.
d. The dining room needs/ wants/ requires cleaning every day.
= The dining room needs/ wants/ requires to be cleaned every day.
e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day?
需要注意的几点:
1. 表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈” 。这时can可以表示客观的可能性,并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生;要表示某事发生的可能性别时需要用could，may， might。
Children can often get ill suddenly．（小孩常常可能突然生病）
Certain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children．（家里的某些东西可能有危险，尤其是有小孩的时候。）上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
2．may和might都不用于疑问句中。如：
（正）Can／Could it be cloudy tomorrow？
（误）May／Might it be cloudy tomorrow？
3．must的否定式是can't／couldn't，不是 needn't或mustn't。
4．would ＋V原形：想必现在／过去……；现在／过去可能……
He would be back today／yesterday．想必他今天／昨天回来了。（他今天／昨天可能回来了。）
5．should／ought to＋V原形：想必现在／将来会……
The dinner should／ought to be ready now．想必晚饭现在已备好。
He should／ought to ring up this afternoon．想必他今天下午会打电话的。
6．will ＋V原形：将来一定／准会……
Try your best，and your wish will come true．尽力吧，你的理想准会实现的。
例如：
1. Black holes ______ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
2．— What’s the name?
— Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
3. — Must he come to sign this paper himself?
—Yes, he
A. need B. must C. may D. will
4. There's no light on —they______ be at home.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
5. Some aspects of a pilot’s job __________be boring, and pilots often _________work at inconvenient hours.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
6. —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. I go out and play with Tom for a while?
—No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now .
A．Can’t B．Wouldn’t C．May not D．Won’t
7. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
8. —May I smoke here?
—If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I___the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．
A．should have taken B．could have taken C．needn't have taken D.mustn't have taken
10. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
11. —Could I have a word with you, mum?
— Oh dear, if you ________.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
12．You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
13. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
14. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He ___have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C. can’t D．wouldn’t
15．—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You have my computer if you don't take care of it.
A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
【巩固练习】
1．You are wet through.You ___ in the rain.
A. must come B. must have caught C. may catch D. must have got caught
2. I thought you ___ like something to read，so I have brought you some books．
A．may B．might C．could D．must
3. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York．
—Oh, did you？You ___ with Barbara．?
A．could have stayed B．could stay C．would stay D．must have stayed ?
4. —When can I come for the photos？ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
—They ___ be ready by 12：00．?
A．can B. should C． might D．need
5. We ___ last night，but we went to the concert instead．
A．must have studied B．might study C．should have studied D． would study
6. I was on the highway when this oar west past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (2005重庆)
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
7. —The room is so dirty． ____ we clean it？(2003北京)
—Of course．
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
8. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (2004全国-03)
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
9. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police? (2004广西)
A. should B. may C. will D. can
10. — Who is the girl standing over there? (2004天津)
— Well, if you know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
【汉译英】
1. 这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。
2. 你丰衣足食，还有什么担忧的？
3. 如果我们以这种方式处理问题，那可能弊大于利。
4. 用不着穿讲究的衣服，就穿平常的衣服吧。
5. 我盼望再见到你。
【答案及解析】
1. A can意为“能够”，表示黑洞是不能直接被看见的。
2. A shall在此表示征求对方的意见，用于第一、三人称。
3. B must在此表"必须"引导一般疑问句,其肯定回答是Yes ,… must,否定回答是No, … needn’t; need表"必要"用于疑问句,其肯定回答用Yes, … must,否定回答用 No, … needn’t。
4. A “can't+ 动词原形”表示对现在情况的猜测和判断（常用于否定），意思是“不可能”。根据There's no light on可判断他们不可能在家。mustn't表示“禁止，一定不能”； needn't表示“没必要”； shouldn't表示“不应该”。
5. A can可以表示客观的可能性,并不牵涉具体的事情是否会发生；have to表示不得不。
6. A can表示许可，用于口语时与may相近。根据语法规则，一般疑问句可以用can’t但不能用may not。
7. A 句意为“在那个国家，12岁以下的儿童在公共图书馆一定要有成人监督”。从that country和under 12 years可以看出这是一个全国性的要求，所以应用must, 表示“必须, 一定要”。
8．D must在这里表示主观原因。问句是：我可以在这儿抽烟吗？答语是：如果一定要抽，那就请坐到吸烟区。
9. C need have done用于否定句,表示“本不必要……的”。
10．D shall用于第二、三人称时表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，本句法官宣布的决定有法律效力，要求利息分为5份。
11. B must表示一定要，主观愿意。
12. C should在此表示说话人的一种惊讶的语气。句意为：你简直不能想象一个行为体面的绅士居然对一位女士那么粗鲁。
13. A can用于疑问句或否定句中表示惊异、不相信等。
14. C can’t have done用于否定推测。
15. A shall用于第二、三人称时表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁或决心等。
巩固练习
1. D must have got caught中的got与been同义。be caught in the rain表示被雨淋,原因是 You are wet through。
2. B由题意可知被猜测的时间是（过去）将来，没有客观事实根据，猜测语气要求最弱。
3. A could have＋过去分词表示"（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到"。
4. B should在本题中表示应该。
5. C本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“我们不应去听音乐会，而应学习”。
6. B must have been doing表示猜测、推测，有“应当一直在，想必一直在”的意思。本句猜测刚才的车速肯定在每小时150公里以上。
7. B 问句表示征求对方的意见。
8. A “should＋have＋过去分词”表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，这里有惊讶之意。
9. A should在本题中表示应该。
10. C 句意为 “——站在那儿的那个女孩是谁? ——嗯，如果你一定要知道的话，她叫梅布尔”。
【汉译英】
1. The homeless children were starving for love.
2. You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about?
3. If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good.
4. Don’t bother to dress up. Come as you are.
5. I am looking forward to seeing you again.
课件23张PPT。Unit 1 Festivals Around the WorldPeriod 1: Warming up & ReadingWhat kind of festival did we just celebrate?Chinese festivals…Festivals are meant to celebrate
times of year.
Discuss:
when they take place,
what they celebrate
and what people do at that time.Spring FestivalJanuary / February
The end of winter, arrival of spring, Lunar New Year, reunion with family and relatives
red paper; dragon dances; eat dumplings; New Year’s visitNational DayOctober 1
The founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949
Take time off work; travel to visit family or to see other parts of China; go shoppingDragon Boat FestivalThe fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar
The memory of poet Qu Yuan
Eat Zhongzi; watch dragon boat races; put herbs on doorways for good healthFestivalsNowadays, foreign festivals are more and more popular in China. Can you list some?
Let’s see some picture and guess.Obon FestivalCherry Blossom FestivalValentine’s DayHalloweenChristmasThanksgiving DayEasterFestival and CelebrationsHow do people around the world celebrate their festivals?Fast ReadingSkim the reading passage and then fill in the following chart.Careful ReadingThe ancient people needn’t worry about their food.
People celebrate Halloween with a different purpose from the past.
Gandhi was a great leader who Indian people honour a lot.
China and Japan share the same custom of celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival.
Easter just celebrates the rebirth of Jesus.FFTTTComprehending1. to satisfy
2. Obon
3. lamps
4. skulls and cakes
5. the dead6. Halloween
7. sweets
8. famous people
9. In memory of
10. gatheredComprehending11. Thanksgiving Day
12. mooncakes
13. coming of spring
14. Easter
15. cherry tree flowersHomework1. Finish Ex 2. on Page 4.
2. 学英语报完形和阅读。(第二节下课交)
*3. 看超级练1-5页的语言点。课件26张PPT。Unit 1 Festivals Around the WorldPeriod 2&3: Language PointsWarming upmean v.
mean to do VS mean doing
What do you mean to do with it?
This means staying here longer.
Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year. take placeSpring Festival takes place in January or February.
take place: 有计划有目的的“发生”
Yesterday an accident happened on the road.
happen: 发生，常指偶然或意外。
A big fire broke out in the forest.
break out: (地震、战争)突然发生、爆发Language Points in Reading1. At that time people would starve…starve: suffer or die of hunger
starve to death
be starved of= starve for = long for
她很寂寞,渴望友谊。
She is lonely, and starving for friendship.2. … light incense in memory of their ancestors.have a good / poor memory 记性好/差
in memory of = to the memory of sb 纪念某人
The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
in honor of 向…表示敬意；为祝贺…wearingdressedput on3. … they can dress up and go to…dress n. vi. vt.
dress up 盛装、打扮
She is _______ a gold ring.
She hurriedly _______ her son and took him to the kindergarten.
Remember to _______ your coat. It is cold outside. 4. … the children might play a trick on them.trick n. 诡计；恶作剧；窍门
play a trick on sb.= play sb. a trick
诈骗某人; 开某人玩笑
These children loved playing tricks on their teachers.?
He told me the trick of opening this can.5. Some people might win awards for their produce.award n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金
She showed us the awards she had won.
vt. 授予… 裁定…
award sb sth = award sth to sb
The judges awarded both teams equal points.6. When people admire the moon…admire 钦佩，羡慕，赞美
They admired our garden.
admire sb / sth (for …)
I admire him for his success in business.7. … look forward to the end of winter…look forward to + n./doing
盼望 期待
I'm looking forward to his coming.
I look forward to studying aboard.
-ward 向着…方向
backward 向后；forward 向前8. … looks as though it is …as though= as if 好像，仿佛
He felt as if / though he were dying.
It looks as if / though it is going to rain.
1. 虚拟语气(表假设，从句时态比主句时态倒退一个时态.)
2. 陈述语气(表示事实或可能发生的事)9. drink and have fun with each other…have fun with 玩得开心
Jim is having fun with his little dog in the yard.
for fun 为了玩乐
make fun of 取笑某人1. 事故发生时有人路过那里吗？
Was there anybody passing when the ___________________ ?
2. 为纪念他的挚友，他写下了一首感人的诗。
He wrote a moving ______________ his good friend
3. 汤姆的生日蛋糕是火车形状。
Tom’s birthday cake was ____________ a train. accident happen poem in memory of in the shape of4、他的三个孩子都盼望着和他一起去钓鱼。
His three kids are all ____________________________ with him.
5、听你的声音好像是感冒了。
You sound __________ you’ve caught a cold.looking forward to going fishingas though1.?The government tried its best to _____ the people’s needs, but the people were still not_________. In fact, what the government did was not___________.
A. satisfy; satisfied; satisfying
B. satisfy; satisfying; satisfied
C. satisfied; satisfied; satisfying???
D. satisfying; satisfied; satisfied2. This memorial was built____ those heroes who laid down their lives for the liberation of the poor people.
A. in memory of?? B. in flavor of
C. in search of????D. in the memory ofThe Rest Language Points1. But she didn’t turn up.I’m very happy you turned up so early.
出现, 出席(某活动)，到场
Turn up the radio. 开大音量
turn down 关小音量；拒绝
turn on—turn off
turn out to be / that… 结果是
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助2. … and he thought she would keep her word.He is a man who always keeps his word.
Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.
keep one’s word 守信
break one’s word 失信“word” phraseshave word 获得消息；听说
have a word with 与某人谈话
have words with 与……吵嘴
leave word 留言
in a word 总而言之
in other words 换句话说3. he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.breathe v. 呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
I can hold my breath for one minute.
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气4. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...动身，出发
The bomb set off among the crowd.
使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸
A woman’ beauty is set off by her clothes and jewellery.
使某物更有吸引力“set” phrasesset down 写下；记下
set up 建立；创建
set about doing sth. 着手做某事
set sb. to do sth. 使某人开始工作
set sb. doing sth. 使某人处于某种动的状态 5. I don’t want them to remind me of her.1. remind sb of sth 使想起,提醒
There photos remind me of my childhood.
2. remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
Remind me to buy a book.
3. remind sb. that…Homework1. 完成大张英语报第三版品词拼句、译度空间、千变万化。
2. 完成小张英语报的其余部分。(第二节课后上交，务必按时~)
2. 预习P5情态动词语法，可参考超级练。课件32张PPT。Unit 1 Festivals Around the WorldPeriod 4: ListeningListening on Page 6中国西湖狂欢节 阿根廷的狂欢节上的花车游行德国科特布斯狂欢节 巴西里约热内卢市政宫狂欢节 Li Mei and Wu Ping are going with their friends Carla and Hari to the Carnival parade.
First Listening: Listen once and get the main idea.
Second Listening: Fill the blank.
Third Listening: Check your answer.Listening text CHRNIVAL IN TRINIDAD
Part1
Carla and Hari are students in Trinidad. Their Chinese friends, Li Mei and Wu Ping, are visiting for the Carnival holiday in February.CARLA: Li Mei, why are you wearing those shoes? You can’t be serious! Your feet will hurt so much by the end of the parade that you won’t be able to stand. Would you like these comfortable shoes?LI MEI: Thanks, Carla, but I wanted something to go with this dress. Those are the wrong colour.
CARLA: You must be joking! That dress is too thick. Do you realize that it’ll be thirty-five degrees out there and that you’re going to walking and dancing until midnight?You have to have something light and cool ─ and a hat!
Part2
The boys are already there when the girls arrive. The music over the loudspeakers makes it difficult to hear each other. One after another, big bands arrive, along with thousands of dancers and musicians. The Carnival is beginning!C=Carla WP=Wu Ping H=Hari
C: Sorry we’re late. I had to get Li Mei
some comfortable shoes!
WP: No problem. We’ve just got here. But
I forget my water - can I have some of
yours?
LM: Me too! We just came, and I’m
already tired and thirsty!C: We’re each going to need a lot of water tonight! Shall I run over to the stand there and get something to drink for everybody?
H: Hurry up, Carla! The bands are moving!
C: OK, I’ll hurry! But remember… We’re
going to go slowly at first, so Wu Ping
and Li Mei can get used to the music and
the heat! H: Yeah, OK! Remember, you two, if we
get separated in the crowd, We’ll
meet at the north end of the parking
lot by 8 o’clock. Then we can go
together to see the winners of
year’s awards for best band and best
costumes.Listening (Page 41) Pre-listening香港百名小学生为熊猫保育装饰巨型复活蛋多彩的蛋 寻找复活节彩蛋的习俗，据民间传说，是由一位德国公爵夫人兴起的。据说，五彩缤纷的彩蛋是复活节兔子为乡村的孩子们留下的。孩子们把找蛋作为一种游戏。
最精心制作的复活节彩蛋甚至不是真蛋。一个叫卡尔·费伯奇的俄国珠宝商曾用金、银和珠宝做成彩蛋。打开蛋还可以看到小小的人、动物、植物和房子。俄国皇帝以此作为礼物送人。 复活节兔子是非常古老的复活节象征的现代说法。野兔是兔子的大个子亲戚，它是专供厄俄斯特女神用的圣物。
在复活节穿新衣服的习俗是在公元后300年左右开始的，大约在第一个基督徒皇帝康斯坦丁的时代。他下令在复活节那天朝臣们都得穿最好的衣服。First Listening: Listen to this conversation between Chen Bin and his American friend, Joey. What is the main topic of their conversation.The main topic of the conversation is about the meaning of Easter and some of its traditional customs. Second Listening: Listen again and fill the blanks.Easter
CHEN BIN：Hey，Joey! I was watching a movie last night that showed some
people celebrating Easter. What is Easter？
JOEY: Oh, Easter is the holiday every spring when Christians around the world celebrate Jesus coming back to life from the dead.Third Listening: Listening textCHEN BIN: Coming back to life?
JOEY: Yes, it’s a famous story in the
Bible about Jesus. Easter is always
celebrated on a Sunday. It’s said that
Jesus rose from the dead on a Sunday.
People will often go to church on Easter
Sunday to sing songs and hear about
Jesus.CHEN BIN: I saw in the movie that a mother was making little cakes with Xs on them.
JOEY: Oh Yes. Those are “hot cross
buns”. The cross on the bun is to remind people how Jesus died.CHEN BIN: I remember last year on
Easter you gave me an egg that was painted
many different colours. Why do you colour eggs on Eater?
JOEY: That’s mostly an American tradition. Children will colour the eggs before Easter. Early on Easter morning, parents will hide the eggs inside the house or outside in the garden. Then when the children wake up, they try to find the eggs. The parents often say that the eggs were left by the Easter bunny.
CHEN BIN: The Easter bunny? What do eggs and bunnies have to do with Jesus?JOEY:I guess it is because people think they represent life. We also often have lilies at Easter to represent life that is new and clean.
CHEN BIN: So Easter is about Jesus, hot cross buns, eggs, bunnies and lilies?JOEY: Well, it’s supposed to be about Jesus. But today many people forget the story and just remember the hot cross buns or the eggs and bunnies!Listening (Page 45) 1. part of
2. every spring
3. beautiful pink flowers
4. performances
5. the beauty of6. nuts, seeds
7. last
8. important
9. common
10. a reminder ofListening (Page 45)11. loved
12. honouring
13. express
14. receivedHomework1. 根据讲义完成P6，P41，P45听力练习的课后题。
2. 预习P5的本单元语法，完成讲义练习。
3. 准备下午第三节课听写。(前两列)课件9张PPT。Unit 1 Festivals Around the WorldPeriod 5: GrammarWhat are they?can—could
may—might
will—would
shall—should
mustHow many usages?1. can / could
能力 be able to
允许、许可 (may / might)
猜测、可能性 (否定/疑问)
委婉请求 (交际口语；疑问句)flashHow many usages?2. may / might
允许、许可 (can / could)
猜测、可能性 (肯定/否定；不用于疑问)How many usages?3. will / would
说话人的意愿 (be willing to do …)
委婉请求 (交际口语；疑问句)
Would:过去某一时间内习惯性、经常性动作How many usages?4. shall / should
纯粹的将来时 (将来一定发生；与Ⅰ人称连用)
承诺、允诺、警告、威胁、命令 (与Ⅱ/Ⅲ人称连用；肯定句)
Should:职责、义务
猜测，按常理推断，“按理、理当”
Shall: 委婉请求，征求意见flashHow many usages?5.must
义务、必须 (have to—needn’t / not have to)
猜测，可能性大 (肯定句) = I’m sure that …flashSum upCan’t
May / might
Should
MustHomework1. P43-1. 2.
2. 超级练上有关情态动词的练习。
3. 准备第二次听写。
