2022届高考英语二轮复习：形容词和副词课件-（40张）

(共56张PPT)
考点分析
形容词
形容词是用来表示人或事物的特征的一类词，通常修饰名词和代词。
1.句法功能：作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
(1)作定语
①作前置定语：单个形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词前面。
Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. 希望是美好的早餐，但却是糟糕的晚餐。
形容词
限定词 形容词
冠词 物主代词 指示代词不定代词 数词 性质状态 大小长短形状 新旧温度 颜色 国籍产地 材料质地
a, an, the this, another, your second one four beautiful good poor large square new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone
多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。
形容词
多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
This pretty little Spanish girl is Linda’s cousin.
这位漂亮的西班牙小姑娘是琳达的表妹。
During our trip in Venice, we watched an extraordinary new Italian opera.
在威尼斯旅行时，我们观看了一场精彩的意大利新歌剧。
考点链接
She has blossomed（开花，长成了，成长为） into ______ woman.
A. an attractive intelligent young. B. a young attractive intelligent
C. an intelligent young attractive D. an attractive young intelligent
The trees are in blossom.树上鲜花盛开。
形容词做后置定语
形容词修饰不定代词someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,nobody等不定代词，只能放在不定代词后。 There is nothing interesting to play at all.
If you have something new to tell me,you can call me.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
由前缀a-构成的形容词 alive, awake, alone, asleep，alike（相像的）, absent. She is the most well-known writer alive in the world.
My younger sister is the girl asleep soundly.(完全的）
The workers absent must make up the meeting.
表示长宽高深，年龄等的形容词。 The field is about two hundred meters long and ten meters wide.
Mr .Henry will be 90 years old next year.
成对的形容词后置 a huge room simple and beautiful.
形容词短语一般后置 It is a matter hard to deal with.
You should take the diets useful for weight loss.
形容词
(2)作表语：
Mother looked happy when she received our presents.
(3)作宾语补足语：
You must keep your eyes closed when you do the eye exercise.
注：enough的位置问题
I have enough money to buy the book.
The boy is tall enough to get the book down.
区别在于enough做形容词和副词的区别：
形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，形容词，副词本身。（形修名，副修动，副词还可修形副。）
形容词
2、分词转化而来的形容词
以-ing结尾的现在分词修饰物 以-ed结尾的过去分词修饰人
exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 兴奋的
tiring 令人疲倦的 tired 疲倦的
interesting 引起兴趣的 interested 感到有趣的
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的
pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 高兴的
It was the most frightening experience of my life.
She was very frightened that the plane would crash.（would+V过去将来时：在过去时间，谈论将来的事情）
Although the result of the experiment is not so ______, we should not be ______.
A.pleased; discouraged B. pleasing; discouraged
C.pleased ; discouraging D. pleasing; discouraging
考点链接
形容词
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
(1)主语+be+形容词+about+宾语：anxious（焦虑的）, certain（肯定的）, concerned（担心的）,careful（仔细的）, excited（激动的）, optimistic（乐观的）, pessimistic（悲观的）, happy, nervous（焦虑的）, particular（特别的）, worried（担心的）, sensitive（敏感的）, sorry（惭愧的）等。
We are all anxious about his safety, for he is doing a very dangerous job.
我们都担心他的安全，因为他正在做一项非常危险的工作。
The President is deeply concerned about this issue. 总统对这个问题深感担忧。
形容词
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
(2)主语+be+形容词+at+宾语：amazed（惊奇的）, angry（生气的）, annoyed（恼怒的）, astonished（吃惊的）, bad（坏的）, clever（灵巧的）, disgusted（厌恶的）, surprised（惊喜的）, good（擅长的）等。
The teacher was amazed at the progress the students had made in such a short time.
那个老师对学生们在如此短的时间内取得的进步感到吃惊。
He is angry at the injustice of the situation. 他对这种不公的情况感到愤愤不平。
She is good at communicating with people. 她善于与人交流。
形容词
(3)主语+be+形容词+for+宾语：adequate（充足的）, anxious（焦虑的）, appropriate（适当的）, eager（渴望的）, famous（著名的）, fit（合适的）, good（合适的）, greedy（贪婪的）, late（迟到的）, necessary（必要的）, proper（适当的）, responsible （负责的）, thirsty（渴望的） 等。
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party. 在正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法国以其佳肴和美酒而闻名。
Mike is responsible for conducting the building project. 麦克负责实施这项建筑工程。
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
形容词
(4)主语+be+形容词+from+宾语：absent（缺席的）, distant（遥远的）, different（不同的）, free（免费的）, remote（遥远的）, safe（安全的）, secure（安全的）, separate（分开的）等。
Two students are absent from class today. 今天有俩名学生缺课。
The town is rather remote from the sea. 这个城镇离海边相当远。
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
形容词
(5)主语+be+形容词+in+宾语：absorbed（专心致志的）, concerned（相关的）, interested（感兴趣的）, involved（涉及的）, lacking（缺乏的）, lost（迷失的）等。
I was so absorbed in thinking that I was unaware of things happening around me.
我非常专心地思考，以至于对周围发生的事情丝毫未察觉。
There was no evidence that he was concerned in the activity.
没有证据显示他与这项活动相关。
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
形容词
(6)主语+be+形容词+of+宾语：ashamed（惭愧的）, aware（意识到的）, capable（有能力的）, certain（确定的）, characteristic（特有的）, composed（组成的）, confident（自信的）, conscious（有意识的）, fond（喜欢的）, guilty, ignorant, independent（独立的）, jealous（嫉妒的）, proud（骄傲的）, worthy（值得的）等。
He is confident of winning the next election.他有把握赢得下届大选。
We need a central bank that is independent of the government.
我们需要一个不受政府控制的独立的中央银行。
3.常用“形容词+介词+宾语”句型：
形容词
(7)主语+be+形容词+to+宾语：accustomed（习惯的）, appropriate（适当的）, attractive（有吸引力的）, beneficial（有利的）, common（普遍的）, devoted（忠诚的）, equal（平等的）, equivalent（相等的）, essential（必要的）, fair（公平的）, faithful（忠实的）, friendly（友好的）, harmful（有害的）, helpful（有用的）, grateful（感激的）, loyal（忠诚的）, open（开放的）, related（相关的）, superior（优越的）, sensitive（敏感的）, similar（相像的）, strange（奇怪的）, subject（受影响的）, vital（至关重要的）等。
Mary was accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night.
玛丽习惯了每天晚上睡八个小时。
We must be more sensitive to the needs of the young students.
我们必须对青少年的需求更加敏感。
形容词
(8)主语+be+形容词+with+宾语：angry, annoyed（恼怒的）, associated（相关的）, bored（无聊的）, busy, content（满意的）, crowded（拥挤的）, delighted（高兴的）, familiar（熟悉的）, frank（直率的）, friendly（朋友似的），patient, pleased（高兴的）, popular（流行的）, satisfied（满意的）, strict, wild（荒凉的，野生的）, wrong等。
She was annoyed with the boy for being so careless.
她因为这个男孩如此粗心而生他的气。
He is closely associated with action movies in the public mind.
在公众的心目中，他总是和动作电影紧密地联系在一起。
形容词
①当形容词表示人的性格、品质、特征时用of，常见的有kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等
It is very kind of him to give me advice.
=He is very kind to give me advice.
他非常好心，给我提出了建议。
常用句型“It is+形容词+for/of sb+to do”
形容词
常用句型“It is+形容词+for/of sb+to do”
②当形容词表示物的特点、特征时用for，常见的有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, (im)possible, convenient, 等
It is difficult for him to solve the problem alone.
=To solve the problem alone is diffcult for him.
对他来说，独自解决这个问题。
副词
用来表示行为或状态特征的一类词，通常修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。
1.句法功能：作状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
(1)作状语
I’ll dress how I like in my own house.
我在自己家爱怎么穿就怎么穿。
The biggest trust between people is to face each other sincerely and honestly.
人与人之间最大的信任就是真心相待，开诚布公。
副词
(2)作表语
Is the radio in the room on or off
房间里的收音机是开着的还是关着的？
I’ m here not just to make a living; I’m here to make a difference.
我来到这里并非只是为了谋生，而是为了有所作为。
(3)作宾语补足语
The boy was seen upstairs several hour ago.
几个小时前就有人看见那个男孩子在楼上。
副词
(1)时间副词：now, often, usually, always, early, then, soon,before, ago等
(2)地点副词：here, there, out, above, below, outside, up, down, downstairs等
(3)方式副词： hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, quietly等
(4)程度副词：very, much, still, almost, quite, so, too等
(5)疑问副词：how, when, why, where等(用于特殊疑问句句首
(6)关系副词：when, where, why (用来引导定语从句)
(7)连接副词：how, where, why, whether等(用来引导名词性从句)
副词
构成方式 例词
一般情况直接加ly perfect---perfectly
以y结尾变y为i加ly lucky---luckily
以le 结尾去e 加y able---ably
以e 结尾直接加ly close---closely
以ic结尾加ally classic---classically
以ly 结尾去y 加ily friendly---friendlily
以ll结尾只加y chill---chilly
副词和形容词的关系。
有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词：friendly, lively（活泼的）, silly（愚蠢的）, lovely（迷人的）。
副词
(1)根据分类来排序：方式→地点→时间(可放句首)
She sang very beautifully in the hall last night.她昨天晚上在大厅里唱的非常棒。
Yesterday they worked very hard in the fields.昨天他们在田地里干得非常卖力。
(2)根据意义来排序：具体的→笼统的，小的→大的
I watched the program at ten o’clock yesterday evening.
昨天晚上10点我观看了这个节目。
They ate at a Chinese restaurant in London.
他们是在伦敦的一家中餐厅里吃的饭。
副词的排列顺序：
副词
频度副词的位置：
1. 在be动词之后。
She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。
2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
I will never forget the first time I met you. 我将永远忘不了和你的第一次见面。
(3)频度副词always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞seldom（很少）＞hardly （ever）＞never（从不）
3. 在实义动词之前。
We often go there. 我们常去那儿。
4. sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末。
Sometimes she writes to me. 她有时候给我写信。
She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。
注：如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。
We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会,一次也没邀请过我们。
She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。
副词
副词
副词的排列顺序：
(4)时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾；若两者同时出现，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，或把时间副词放在句首。
They went swimming in the river yesterday.
=Yesterday they went swimming in the river.
(5)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词前面，情态动词或助动词后面。
I’m very sad to hear that.
副词
副词的排列顺序：
(6)方式副词修饰不及物动词时要后置；修饰及物动词则前置或放在宾语之后，若宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。
My father works hard.
Tom speaks Chinese very well.
Mr. Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
(7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，可放在句首。
Suddenly he came up with a good idea.
副词
副词与动词搭配构成短语，常考的有：
take away拿走 put away把...收起来，放好
send away派遣，解雇 move away搬开，挪走
take down拿下，取下 write down记下，写下
put down 放下 look up查阅
send up 发射，把....送上去 put up 举起，挂起
dress up (给.....)穿上盛装， (给.....)乔装打扮
ring up (给.....)打电话
副词
①how long, how far, how soon, how often
how long：“多久， 多长时间”，是对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+时间段” 和“since+时间点”回答。
-How long have you been here
-For nearly five years.
how far：“多远”，对距离提问
-How far can you throw it
-More than ten metres, I think.
几个常用副词的用法区别：
副词
how soon：“多快，多久以后”，是对一个非延续性动词提问，用于一般将来时，常用“in+时间段”回答。
-How soon will the manager come back
-In an hour. within在...范围内
how often：“多长时间一次”，是对频度提问，常用“once, twice a day, three times a week” 等回答。
-How often do you go to the cinema
-At least three times a month.
几个常用副词的用法区别：
副词
②hard, hardly
hard：“努力地，辛苦地；剧烈地，猛烈地”，是一个程度副词。
We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese.
Small businesses have been hit hard by the recession.
hardly：“几乎不”，是否定副词。
I can hardly see the words on the blackboard.
Please passme my glasses, Linda.
几个常用副词的用法区别：
副词
③much too, too much
too much：“太多”，中心词是much, too修饰much来加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词(too many修饰可数名词)。
Don’t eat any more. You have eaten too much.
much too：“非常，太”， much修饰too用来加强语气，中心词是too, much too修饰形容词或副词原级。
You will become much too fat some day.
几个常用副词的用法区别：
副词
④too, also, either
too：一般用于肯定句， 常放在句尾
You are a student. I am a student, too.
also：通常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前
They are also students.
either：一般用于否定句，常放在句尾
You don’t know the matter. I don’t know, either.
几个常用副词的用法区别：
副词
几个常用副词的用法区别：
⑤too, enough, so
too：“太，很”，用于too...+to...结构，表示太...而不能...
I'm too tired to go on with the work.
He is too young to tell right from wrong.他太年轻，还分不清对与错。
enough：“足够”，用于形容词/副词原级+enough to do结构，表示足够...，能...
The girl is old enough to go to school.
so：“如此””，用于so...that...结构，表示如此...以至于...
The lake is so deep that nobody dares to swim in it.
副词
几个常用副词的用法区别：
近义词 意义及用法 例句
already 意为“已经”，通常用于肯定 句中，置于句中或句末。 I’ve been there already so I don’t want to do again.
我已经去过那里了，所以不想再去了。
yet 意为“已经，还”通常用于否 定句和疑问句中，置于句末。 I haven’t finished the book yet.
我尚未读完那本书。
Have the children come home yet
孩子们已经回家了吗？
比较级
①肯定式：A...+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B，A和B一样。
My grandfather is as energetic as a young man.我祖父和年轻人一样有活力。
Your new pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的新钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。
②否定式：A...+not+as/so+形容词或副词原级+as+B
This dictionary is not as/so usefulas yours.这本字典不如你的字典那么有用。
It doesn’t rain as/so frequently here as it does in myhometown.
这里没有我的家乡下雨频繁。
原级比较
比较级
原级比较
当as…as结构中的俩个as之间有名词时，应该用as+adj+a(n)+可数名词单数+as或者as many/much/few/little+可数名词复数/不可数名词+as。
This is as good an example as the other is.这个例子和另一个例子一样好。
We have produced as many computers as we did last year.
我们生产的电脑数量和去年的一样多。
比较级
③当两者进行比较表示“A不如B”时，不仅可以用“not so/as+原级+as” ， 而且可以用“less+原级+than”
Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim.
=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.
④表示“A是B的一半”时，用“A...+half+as+形容词原级+as+B”
His apples are half as many as his sister’s.
原级比较
考点链接
I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had______ today.
as tiring a day as
as a tiring day as
tiring as a day as
day as a tiring as
比较级和最高级的规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er、-est new newer newest
以e结尾的直接在词尾加-r、-st late later latest
重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母再加-er、-est big bigger biggest
以“辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，把y变i再加-er、-est easy easier easiest
以“-er, -ow”结尾的双音节词，直接在词尾加-er、-est clever narrow cleverer narrower cleverest
narrowest
以“-ble，-ple”结尾的双音节词，直接在词尾加-r、-st able simple abler simpler ablest
simplest
多音节词和部分双音节词 词前加more和most popular more popular most popular
比较级和最高级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级 说明
many/much more most much：形容词表示“许多”，副词表示“很，非常”
good/well better best well:形容词表示“健康的，状态好的”，副词表示“好，令人满意地”
ill/bad/badly worse worst badly：副词表示“差，拙劣地”;注意当表示“很，非常时badly比较级和最高级要借助more、most来构成
I really need that job more badly than you.
little less least 形容词表示“小的”，副词表示“不多，稍许”
As an artist, he is less known than her.
far farther further farthest furthest 两个比较级除了表示时间或距离的“更远，更往前”之外，
further还表示“进一步”， furthest还表示“最大程度”
I will go abroad for further education after graduation.
old older/elder oldest/eldest 除了用于表示年龄大小之外，elder还 表示“较年长的”，eldest还表示“最年长的”
The man standing there is my elder brother.
比较级的用法
(1) 形容词/副词比较级+than+B”表示A比B更...
Criticism from friends is more helpful than flattery.朋友的批评意见比阿谀奉承更有益。
There were more people there than I had expected.那里的人比我预想的还要多。
more…than… 表示比…更…
He is more careful than the others on the subject.
在这个课题上他比其他人更仔细。
与其说…倒不如说…
The little girl is more diligent than intelligent.
与其说那个小女孩聪明，倒不如说她勤奋。
比较级的用法
（2）表示“越...就越...”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”。
The more he gets, the more he wants.他得到的越多，想要的就越多。
The happier you are about yourself and your life, the healthier you will be.
对自己和自己的生活越满意，你就会越健康。
(3)表示“越来越...”的时候要用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级”。
Autumn is coming, and it’s getting colder and colder.秋天来了，天气变得越来越冷了。
She become more and more beautiful these years.这些年来，她变得越来越漂亮了。
______ he hurries, ______ mistakes he will make in his job.
A. The less; the less B. The less; the more
C. The more; the less D. The less; the fewer
考点链接
Tom was promoted to senior manager, so he has become ______.
A. more and more busy B. busier and busier
C. busy and busy D. the busiest
考点链接
比较级的用法
(4) 比较级前可用修饰词：a little, a few, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用比较级。
It is much hotter in Guangzhou than in Jilin.
My handwriting is far better than yours now.
比较级的用法
(5)表示“两者之间最...的一个(of the two)”的时候，用“the+比较级”表示。
Tom is the taller of the two boys.
The blue one is the bigger of the two bags.
(6)本身含有比较意义的词superior, inferior, senior,junior, prior等后面用介词to(不用than)引出比较对象。
This new computer is superior to that one.这台新电脑比那台要好。
Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.
现代音乐常常被人们认为不如过去的音乐。
最高级的用法
(1)表示三者及三者以上进行比较时，常用以下句型：
①主语+连系动词+the+形容词最高级(+名词)+范围
The building is the oldest theater in London.
②主语+行为动词+副词最高级+范围
He works hardest among us in the company.
最高级的用法
(2)最高级可以被much, almost, far, by far;, nearly, by no means, quite, really, the very以及序数词等修饰，表示程度或顺序
The problem is almost the easiest among all.
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
(3)最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，注意此时不能再用定冠词the。
Tomorrow will be my busiest day.
最高级的用法
(4)表示三者及三者以上进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A, B, or C ” 结构。
Who is the oldest, Lucy, Mary or Cindy
(5)表示“最...的...之一”时，用“one of+最高级”结构，注意后面的名词用复数形式。
The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.
(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义
Mike is the tallest student in his class.
=Mike is taller than any other student in his class.
=Mike is taller than the other students in his class.
=Mike is taller than anyone else in his class.
最高级的用法
倍数表达法
1. A + be + 倍数+ as + 形容词或副词原级+ as + B"
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
His father is twice as old as he.
他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。
2.“A + be + 倍数+ 形容词或副词的比较级+ than + B ”
This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳子的长度比那根长俩倍。
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.这个大厅比我们教室的大五倍。
倍数表达法
3.“A + be + 倍数+ the + 计量名词+ of + B ”
This room is three times the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
This street is four times the length of that one.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
计量名词：size大, length长, width宽, height高, depth深，weight重
考点链接
Our factory, produced ______ computers in 2018 as the year before.
A. as many as twice B. twice more than
C. as twice many D. twice as many
考点链接
The new bridge is ______ the one built last year.
A. three times width of
B. three times that of
C. three times the width
D. three times the width of