上海市2022届高三英语阅读理解专项练习（无答案）

阅读汇编
(C)
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not file machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods, it is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
63. Why does the author give the examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl
A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.
B. To stress the author’s concern about the safety of complex technology.
C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.
D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error.
64. What does the phrase “went haywire” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. went out of range
B. went out of date
C. fell out of use
D. got out of control
65. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is revolution mainly because ________.
A. the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind
B. the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
C. it has helped to switch to an information technology
D. it has a great potential impact on society
66. In the passage, the author clearly shows his ________.
A. Keen insight into the nature of technology
B. Sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution
C. Thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
D. Comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technology
DDDA
(C)
One often hears that children should arrive at school” ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory,it begins even earlier.
Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus(一致),however, about how this preparation should be achieved.
For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.
Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s,many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs--such as Head Start--that target low-income children.
Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success Studies have not been conclusive. In the shot term, evidence suggests that middle-class children who attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills, as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.
Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than poverty-stricken children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the progarm, tracked until the age of 21,earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were most likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.
The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found
68. Advocates of the development of the whole child believe that school readiness is________.
showing strong eagerness in exploration and discovery
Learning basic skills,such a knowing letters and counting
Showing great interest in basic academic concepts
Demonstration of intellectual,social and emotional skills
69. According to the passage,Head Start is most probably_______.
a preschool program that supports disabled children to learn
A program that helps poor children receive better education
an organization that aims to improve current school programs
a program that helps remove the academic burden in preschool
70.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.
Most children start school with similar language and social skills.
Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.
All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4
71.Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage
An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.
Preschool is helpful,despite the disagreement about what it should offer.
Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.
Preschool education shouldn’t be a financial burden on communities.
D 69.B 70.C 71.B
(C)
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
　 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions , professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
　"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there' s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody thought of that before "
　 The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
63.What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph
　 A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
B. A person who has had no education.
C.A citizen of a society that retires personal creativity.
D.A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
64.According to the author , what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators
　　 A. The way they present their findings.　　
B. The way they deal with problems.　　
C. The intelligence they process.
　　 D. The variety of ideas they have.
65. The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line of the passage) suggests that
highly creative individuals are__.
　 A.unwilling to follow common ways of doing things
B.diligent in pursuing their goals
C.concerned about the advance of society
D.devoted to the progress of science
The most suitable title for this passage might be______.
A.The Relation Between Creation and Diligence
B. To be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity
C.What Are So Special about Creative Individuals
D.Discoveries and Innovation
DBAC
( C)
I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession（难以破除的成见）surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied, possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.
For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.
That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency----the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land----will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools' but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management---and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure（基础设施）, especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.) I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops—not just because we'd worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like com. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be against it---and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technology.
Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.
73. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage
A) They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.
B) They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.
C) They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.
D) They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.
74 . What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate
A) Breaking the GM food monopoly. B) More friendly exchange of ideas.
C) Regulating GM food production. D) More scientific research on GM crops.
75. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems
A) It has to depend more and more on GM technology.
B) It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.
C) GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.
D) Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.
76. What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops
A) It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.
B) It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.
C) Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.
D) Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.
73. B 74.D 75.D 76.C
(C)
Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo’s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40. But when Lenovo bought IBM’s personal-computer division in 2005 he decided to immerse himself in English: he moved his family to North Carolina, hired a language tutor and spent hours watching cable-TV news. He conducted all his business in English except for briefing for the Chinese press.
Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-Anglophone world that have made English their official language. The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore, which kept English as its lingua franca (通用语) when it left the British empire n 1963, and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish engineering giant, once described its official language as “poor English” d its official language as “poor English. The practice spread to the big European countries: numerous German and French multinationals now use English in board meetings and official documents. Audi may use a German phrase—Vorsprung durch Technik, or progress through engineering—in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English. When Christoph Franz became boss of Lufthansa in 2011 he made English its official language even though all but a handful of the airline’s 50 most senior managers were German.
There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking.
There are less obvious reasons too. Rakuten’s boss, Hiroshi Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thinking because it is free from the status distinctions which characterise Japanese and other Asian languages. Antonella Mei-Pochtler of the Boston Consulting Group notes that German firms get through their business much faster in English than in laborious German. English can provide a neutral language in a merger(合并而成的公司): when Germany’s Hoechst and France’s Rh ne-Poulenc combined in 1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be run in English, in part to avoid choosing between their respective languages.
Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Business School says that “Englishnisation”, a word she borrows from Mr Mikitani, can stir up a hornet’s nest (马蜂窝)of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-confidence, worry about their job security. Cliques(小团体) of the fluent and the non-fluent can develop. So can lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary of GE took it to court for requiring them to read internal documents in English; the firm received a hefty fine. In all, a policy designed to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect.
Why does the author mention Yang Yuanqing in the first para
To argue against a viewpoint B. To introduce the topic
C. To illustrate a received opinion D. To raise a question
Which of the following is TRUE about Audi according to the passage？
German is seldom used in its advertisements.
Most of its senior managers are based on Germany.
Employees who can’t speak English are less likely to be promoted.
It is an auto maker most famous for the technology that it has developed.
Why do multinational companies adopt English
English makes it easier for them to go global.
English is most widely used in advanced countries.
English bridges the gap between managers from different countries.
English helps them to distinguish between junior and senior employees.
Tsedal Neeley is most likely to argue that ___.
using English as a company’s official language may not achieve its intended purpose
emotional anxiety is very common in a company before English is officially used
slow learners shouldn’t be punished in an English-speaking company
it is better for internal documents to be written in English
63-66 BCAA
(C)
A recent case in Australia shows how easily fear can frustrate an informant’s good intentions. In December, a woman wrote anonymously to the country’s antitrust watchdog, the ACCC, alleging that her employer was colluding with others in breach of the Trade Practices Act. Her evidence was sufficient to suggest to the ACCC that fines of A＄10m could be imposed on "a large company". But the agency needed more details. So just before Christmas it advertised extensively to try and persuade the woman to come forward again. Some days later her husband rang the ACCC, but he hung up before disclosing vital information. Now the agency is trying to contact the couple again.
In America, there is some evidence that the events of September 11th have made people more public-spirited and more inclined to blow the whistle. The Government Accountability Project, a Washington-based group, received 27 reproaches from potential informants in the three months before September 11th, and 66 in the three months after. Many of these complaints were about security issues. They included a Federal Aviation Administration employee who claimed that the agency had repeatedly failed to respond to known cases of security violations at airports.
Legislation to give greater protection to people who expose corporate or government misbehavior externally (after having received no satisfaction internally) is being introduced in a number of countries. In America, it focuses on informants among federal employees. According to Billy Garde, a lawyer who was a member of BP’s Alaska inquiry team, they "have less rights than prisoners". A bill introduced last year by Senator Daniel Akaka to improve protection for them is currently stuck in congressional committees.
In Britain, the came fully into force last year. Described by one American as "the most far-reaching informant protection in the world", it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest. This separates them from people who are merely pursuing a personal grievance. But even in Britain, the protection is limited. Rupert Walker, a fund manager, was fired by Govett Investments in September 2001 for expressing concerns in the Financial Times about a group of people of investment trusts that invest in each other.
63. What does the author most probably think about what the ACCC did to the woman
A. Inconsistent B. Disheartening C. Unreasonable D. Bureaucratic
64. It can be inferred that the Federal Aviation Administration employee________-.
A. had repeatedly complained to his employer B. did not get any response from his employer
C. was concerned about public security D. because brave after the 9.11 disaster
65. According to the third paragraph, informants among the American federal employees___________.
A. disclose misbehavior externally when they are disappointed internally
B. get more protection than people who disclose the misbehavior externally
C. have less rights than prisoners
D. get as much protection as before.
66. Britain’s protection to informants is not perfect in that ___________.
A. the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force only last year
B. it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest
C. informants are threatened with the possibility of losing their jobs
D. informants are considered as merely pursuing a personal complaint
63. B 64. C 65. D 66. C
C
The study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.
The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear – casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.
Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.
Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.
Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid
Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research ), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance ), and rigour (is the research technically right ). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables (排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.
Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.
The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.
With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.
63. What crisis the study of psychology facing
A. The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.
B. The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.
C. The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.
D. The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.
64. The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .
A. a reliable body of knowledge
B. publications exploring new areas
C. tests of well-established theories
D. uninteresting replications of studies
65. We can infer from the passage that the Ref .
A. is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universities
B. provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunities
C. recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to students
D. is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission
66. What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”
A. Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.
B. Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.
C. Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.
D. Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.
（C）DBAA
(C)
The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.
Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use --- quantities such as speed, density, or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.
For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration(震动) of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal. The standard meter (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum(真空) during a specific fraction of a second(瞬间).
Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder (铂-铱合金筒) locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs & Measures in France.
Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.
No one knows what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.
Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.
A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibrations, or other influences --- even changes in weather --- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.
Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “Not so the kilogram.” In paragraph 4
The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.
The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.
The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.
The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.
Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage
Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.
The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.
The redefinition of the standard kilogram is quite complicated.
Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future.
According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units _______.
is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram
has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project
is not as simple as what people can understand
has been considered by some scientists as a better approach
We can know from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is _________.
more important in keeping market honesty
worth years of scientists’ painstaking research
the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing
bring about important and fruitful results
63-66 CDDB
Most people don’t leave their front door unlocked, and the same is true of their home Wi-Fi networks. But some believe that preventing access to your wireless Internet actually does more harm than good. Peter Eckersley of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an organization devoted to defending digital rights, is calling for an "Open Wireless Movement" and encouraging people to be "socially responsible" by sharing their connection. Eckersley compares the current situation of locked-down networks to "finding yourself parched(干透的)and thirsty while everyone around you is sipping from nice tall glasses of iced water", and offers a technological solution. We restrict access to our networks for two reasons: to prevent other people from using up our bandwidth, and to ensure our security and privacy. He suggests we can still protect ourselves from both problems by using routers(路由器)that share a certain amount of bandwidth in the open while also providing an encrypted(加密的)connection for personal use, but such technology already exists, and people arent choosing to use it. Perhaps the problem is not technological, but legal, as home users dont want to be responsible for the activities of others on their network. Quite understandable, really. But Eckersley says that "individuals can enjoy the same legal protections against liability as any other Internet access provider", but the law is far from clear in this area and differs from country to country. In a footnote on his article, Eckersley says US law "may" offer protection, but that didnt prevent a man who left his network open from being called a pedophile(恋童癖者)by armed police in his living room this past weekend. Courts in Germany have previously ruled that people can be fined if they allow unauthorised users to access illegal materials through their connection, while in the UK disputes over recent changes to the law leave the matter uncertain. Perhaps these legal concerns can be overcome by turning to an unlikely role-model — Estonia, where access to the Internet is a legal human right. The country is blanketed in a network of free Wi-Fi access points in cafes, bars and other public locations, allowing people to easily get online almost anywhere. So who wants to open up their network first
63 What does the author say about the Electronic Frontier Foundation
A．It encourages people to share their networks.
B．Its work is about protecting digital rights.
C．It is advocating an "Open Wireless Movement".
D．Its main business is trading electronics.
64. One reason leading most people to lock their network is________
A. Laws protect home users of internet from responsibilities.
B. Internet access provides take no responsibility for their users’ illegal activities
C. Home users enjoy the same right as internet access providers.
D. It is internet access providers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.
65. What can be inferred from Eckersley’s words individual......internet access provider in para4_________. A. Laws protects home users of internet from responsibilities
B. Internet access providers take no responsibility for their for their user’s illegal activities.
C. Home users enjoy the same rights as internet access providers
D it is internet access providers who should be responsible for their user’s activities.
66. What information can be got about Estonia from the passage .
A.It restricts free access to internet
B. Free Wi-Fi is set up all over the country
C. It is impossible for other countries to follow its suit
D its people can get free Wi-Fi access almost everywhere.
BCBD
（C）
“Let’s Uber.”Few companies offer something so popular that their name becomes a verb. But that is one of the many achievements of Uber, a company founded in 2009 which is now the world’s most valuable startup, worth around 70 billion. Its app can summon（吁求）a car in moments in more than 425 cities around the world, to the fury of taxi drivers everywhere. But Uber’s ambitions, and the expectations extend much further: using self-driving vehicles, it wants to make ride-hailing so cheap and convenient that people abandon car ownership altogether. Not satisfied with shaking up the present taxi business, it has its eyes on the far bigger market for personal transport.
Uber is not alone in this ambition. Companies big and small have recognized the miraculously potential of electric, self-driving cars, summoned on demand. Technology firms including Apple, Google and Tesla are investing heavily in autonomous vehicles; from Ford to Volvo, big carmakers are racing to catch up. It will transform daily life as profoundly as cars did in the 20th century: reinventing transport and reshaping cities, while also dramatically reducing road deaths and pollution.
In the short term Uber is in pole position to lead the revolution because of its dominance of chauffeured ride-hailing, a part of the transport market that will see some of the fastest growth. The ability to summon a car using a smartphone does not just make it easy for individuals to book a cheaper taxi. Ride-sharing services like UberPool, which put travelers heading in the same direction into one vehicle, make it difficult to tell private and public transport apart. This may enable customers to plan and book journeys combing trains and buses with walking and private ride-sharing services. Get it right, and public-transport networks will be extended to cover the“last mile”that takes people right to their doorsteps. But in the longer term autonomous vehicles will drive the reinvention of transport.
Self-driving cars will reinforce trends unleashed by ride-hailing, making it cheaper and more accessible. The disabled, the old and the young will find it easier to go where they want. As car ownership declines, the enormous amount of space devoted to parking, will be available for parks and housing instead.
However, it is still not clear which companies will ultimately dominate this world, since the combination of vague rules and imperfect technology can bring about unexpected consequences as in the case of Nokia, Blackberry and Kodak. Even for the winners, it is not clear how great the rewards will be. As more firms pile into ride-sharing, and autonomous vehicles become part of the mix, the business may prove to be less profitable than expected. Once the service Uber offers becomes an essential part of urban transport infrastructure（基础建设），as it hopes, it could end up being regulated, more highly taxed, broken up or all of the above.
For now Uber is the firm to beat in the race to transform the future of personal transport. Its recently restored relationship with Didi, its main rival in China, has removed a major distraction, allowing it to devote a large sum to developing new technology. Its vision is promising. Yet it could prove a Moses company, or might end up like Hoover, lending its name to a new product category without actually dominating it. But whether Uber itself wins or loses, we are all on the road to Uberworld.
63. According to the article, which of the following is NOT the reason why many people give up the ownership of a car
A. The consumers will have to buy cars at much higher prices.
B. They young people will easily go to any place where they’d like to.
C. Self-driving cars will make ride-hailing cheaper and more accessible.
D. The disabled and the old will find it easier to go where they want.
64. The underlined word“heading”（in para.3）means _____.
A. becoming headlines B. standing at the front C. taking charge of D. travelling towards
65. What can be inferred from the article
A. Autonomous vehicles introduced by Uber have impacted the world of transportation profoundly.
B. Nokia was successful in dominating the market by revolutionizing rules and technology.
C. It may be hard for Uber to thrive if its service becomes mainstream in urban transport.
D. Uber is sure to reach its“promised land”with its distinct dominance the near future.
66. What is the best title for the article
A. Go Uber or Didi B. Uberworld, future personal transportation
C. A new model of business D. The terminator of taxi business
63-66 ADCB
（C）
Symmetry in Art
Symmetry means“balance of forms.”Something that is symmetrical has equal proportions. You can see examples of symmetry all around you in nature, art, and architecture. It is med in floor placed of buildings and in designing doors, windows, floors, and more.
A picture of sense other form this is not balance is asymmetrical. Artists use both symmetry and asymmetry in their work. Some use symmetry to create order and harmony. Others use asymmetry because they feel that life is out of balance or unfair. They use their art to reflect this feeling. Both symmetry and asymmetry play important roles in shaping the beauty of an object.
M.C. Escher was an artist who enjoyed using symmetry in his prints and drawings. He liked to show the order that weaves through our rich and complicated world.
There are many variations of symmetry, but the three most common are reflectional, thranslational, and rotational. The most familiar type of symmetry is reflectional, or “mirror” , symmetry. A butterfly and the letter T are examples of reflectional symmetry. If you imagine a line going down the center of an object, one side is a mirror image of the other side. The letters “ db” are an example of mirror symmetry.
The second type, translational symmetry, represents movement of a design in a linear(直线的) direction. If you copy a design and put that copy right next to the original, you are moving the design in a linear direction. As example of translation symmetry is “ Hello-Hello”.
The third common type of symmetry is rotational symmetry. An image has rotational symmetry if it looks the same when rotated, or turn , a certain number of times around a center point. For example, a triangle, if turned three times, will look like the same all three times. A four-leaf clover will match itself four times as it is turned around a center point.
Cubism was an art movement that broke up the geometry of space and form. The Cubists create asymmetrical art to express the imperfection of human life. They created their own reality by showing Cubists broke the images up so that different angles of the subject could be seen at the same time. Cubism had a major impact on artists during the first decade of the 20th century, and it remains one of the most famous art forms today.
62. According to the article, an example of reflectional symmetry would be ________.
A. a four-leaf clover B. a banana C. the letter P D. a butterfly
63. The artist M.C. Escher used symmetry in his work to show _________.
A. pieces of objects and subjects B. the order in the world
C. many sides at the same time D. the dream of human beings
64. We can infer from the information in this passage that the human body has _________.
A. rotational symmetry B. translational symmetry
C. reflectional symmetry D. geometry of space and form
65. We may infer form the last paragraph that a Cubist painting________.
A. would be symmetrical
B. would look realistic
C. would show the subject from different angles.
D. would finally replace the art form of symmetry
66. What can we conclude from this article
A. There are only three variations of symmetry
B. Art that is asymmetrical does not reflect real life
C. Human life is imperfection so we need artists to create beauty
D. Symmetry and asymmetry are important in shaping the beauty of an object.
62. D 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. D
(C)
I've been writing for most of my life．The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes greatly．The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind．While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so．
　　　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us meet with．If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to seize a fleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought, the thought will die．If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand．You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is．
　　The practice that can help you pass your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”．In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15－20 minutes．No stopping, no going back, no criticizing．The goal is to get the words flowing．As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen．
　　Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly．Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near．
　　Instead of staring at a blank screen start filling it with words no matter how bad．Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product．Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices．
74. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel”(Line 4, Para．1)in the writing process, he means ________．
A．no one can be both creative and critical
B．they cannot be regarded as equally important
C．they are in constant conflict with each other
D．one cannot use them at the same time
75. What prevents people from writing on is ________．
A．putting their ideas in raw form
B．attempting to edit as they write
C．ignoring grammatical soundness
D．trying to capture fleeting thoughts
76.One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________．
A．it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B．it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C．it may bring about too much criticism
D．it does not help them to think clearly
In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process
It defines his writing into better shapes
It helps him to come up with new ideas
It saves the writing time available to him
It allows him to sit on the side and observe
74 D 75 B 76 B 77 A
(C)
Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry’ s odd love affair with “low technology,” a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的) —so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting.” At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in glass. Facebook’s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. “We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的) , because they’re surrounded by the digital world,” he says. “They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’ve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”
This craft based theory is rooted in history, William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre-industrial arts in the 1860s, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. “Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,” Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe,” taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplvin, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environment. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.
63. The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ______.
A. Twitter is having a hard time
B. old cottages are in need of protection
C. early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D. Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
64. Low technology is regarded as something that ______.
A. is related to nature B. is out of date today
C. consumes too much energy D. exists in the virtual world
65. We can conclude from Paragraph 5 that human beings ______.
A. have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B. have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C. can become intelligent by learning history
D. can regain their individual identity by using machines
66. The writer’s attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ______.
A. positive B. defensive C. cautious D. doubtful
63. D 64. A 65. B 66. A