上海市2022届高三英语完形填空专项练习（含答案）

完型汇编
（1）
Every year the United Sates exports “cultural products” to the rest of the world while it only imports similar products from other countries equal to about one percent of the amount exported. Movies, for example, are one such ____48____. The movie industry in countries like England and Italy is almost completely ____49____ on American exports. Both countries report that 85% to 95% of all movie tickets sold each year are for movies produced in the United States. Millions of people worldwide buy American pop, rap, and rock music. Billions of people drink Coca-Cola and eat McDonald’s hamburgers. American software ____50____ the computer market.
Can all of the above products be called “cultural”, however That depends on how one ____51____ culture. Most people ____52____ culture into two forms: “high” culture and “low” culture. High culture is the kind produced by writers and ____53____. It is more concerned with stimulating thought in the people who view or use it and does not ____54____ care how marketable people find it Low culture, ____55____. is viewed as a product usually for entertainment and is only as good as how well it sells. Because it is ____56____ by masses of people, this type of culture can also be called “mass culture”. The ____57____ between low and high culture are not very clear.
Pierre Guerlain, a professor of English and American Studies in France, points out that when a cultural product is imported, the product cannot cover the existing culture, thus ____58____ it. The imported product is changed to adapt to the local context. Anyone who believes that a society which imports American products of mass culture will become a ____59____ of America is being naive(幼稚的).
America may seem to have the strongest hand in exporting cultural products, but there is a boomerang(相反的) ____60____ for being more of an exporter than importer. Because Europeans and Japanese import so many cultural products from the United States, they know a lot more about American culture ____61____ than Americans know about European or Japanese culture. It is a definite advantage for the Europeans and Japanese to be bilingual as well as bicultural. These countries can use their knowledge of American society and ____62____ to increase their chances of success in the American market
48. A. aspect 49. A. fixed 50. A. dominates51. A. defines 52. A. prefer 53. A. designers54.A.Comprehensively55. A. as a result 56. A. consumed 57. A. connections58. A. overcoming59. A. source 60. A. effect 61. A. in particular62. A. values B. product B. emphasizedB. abandons B. presents B. divide B. technicians B. temporarily B. as a whole B. produced B. distinctionsB. accepting B. supplier B. feedback B. in general B. economy C. example C. calledC. enters C. absorbs C. alter C. composersC. necessarily C. on the averageC. invested C. ranges C. attracting C. copy C. disadvantageC. in contrast C. policies D. projectD. dependentD. graspsD. createsD. viewD. artistsD. representativelyD. on the other hand D. sponsoredD. advantagesD. replacingD. targetD. ideaD. in the meantimeD. characteristics
（2）
We all know that a magician does not really depend on “magic” to perform his tricks, but on his ability to act at great speed. 51 , this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 52 rabbits from a hat. 53 the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 54 . He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. Although no one really knows how he did this, there is no 55 that he had made a close study of ever type of lock ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needle-like tool strapped to his leg and he used this in place of a 56 .
Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They 57 him in chains and locked him up, but he freed himself 58 an instant. The police 59 him of having used a tool and locked him up again. This time he wore no clothes and there were chains round his neck, waist, wrists, and legs; but he again escaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his “needle” in a was-like 60 and dropped it on the floor in the passage. As he went past, he 61 on it so that it stuck to the bottom of his foot. His most famous escape, however, was 62 astonishing. He was heavily chained up and enclosed in an empty wooden chest, the lid of which was 63 down. The 64 was dropped into the sea in New York harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface. When the chest was 65 , it was opened and the chains were found inside.
51. A. Otherwise B. However C. Furthermore D. Therefore
52. A. put B. produce C. construct D. make
53. A. Eventually B. Brightly C. Probably D. Finally
54. A. escaping B. locking C. opening D. dropping
55. A. surprise B. wonder C. use D. doubt
56. A. gun B. knife C. lock D. key
57. A. involved B. closed C. connected D. bound
58. A. at B. by C. in D. for
59. A. blamed B. charged C. accused D. scolded
60. A. candle B. mud C. paper D. substance
61. A. stepped B. fell C. moved D. stirred
62. A. altogether B. all but C. no longer D. overall
63. A. fastened B. nailed C. joined D. covered
64. A. chest B. body C. lid D. chain
65. A. brought up B. brought forward C. broken apart D. broken out
（3）
In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal world, __41__, is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want __42__ from the toxicity（毒性） of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. __43__, the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will __44__ the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical __45__ for use within the union’s borders in the past 25 years.
Already, the commission has __46__ 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spend between $4 billion — $8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, quintuple (翻五倍) from just over l million a year to about 5, unless they are saved by some dramatic __47__ in non-animal testing technology. Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.
A good place to start finding __48__ for toxicity tests is the liver--the organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effects.
PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures（士音养基） over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under __49__. The characteristics of the cells are carefully __50__, to look for changes in their microanatomy（组织学）. Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rather than studying __51__ cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical __52__ is bad for the liver.
Other tissues, too, can be tested __53__ of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an __54__ version of the lining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelix’s researchers, the firm’s cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and __55__ in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.
All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.
41. A. fortunately B. sadly C. ironically D. technically
42. A. protection B. identification C. isolation D. interaction
43. A. However B. Indeed C. Instead D. Furthermore
44. A. increase B. decrease C. prohibit D. specify
45. A. tested B. created C. assessed D. approved
46. A. outlined B. imposed C. identified D. released
47. A. diagnoses B. advances C. proofs D. appearances
48. A. alternatives B. breakthroughs C. possibilities D. implications
49. A. suspicion B. control C. way D. investigation
50. A. monitored B. studied C. analyzed D. classified
51. A. relevant B. numerous C. individual D. measurable
52. A. in question B. in principle C. in practice D. in reality
53. A. successfully B. independently C. oecassionally D. collectively
54. A. useful B. constant C. mature D. artificial
55. A. operate B. function C. respond D. enhance
（4）
The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society’s primary subsistence (存在) strategy.
American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social __42__ : (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__ . For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.
In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin(亲戚). American families also __47__ according to social class. A couple’s social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children. __49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.
The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.
Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be
41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace
42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions
43. A. with regard to B. in terms of
C. in combination with D. for the purpose of
44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually
45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production
46. A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics
47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve
48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application
49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However
50. A. family size B. work pressure C. economic status D. social class
51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing
52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for
53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals
54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of
55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural
（5）
A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not___51____ surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅) where loved pets rest. It is possible that : Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are______52___ to their pets.
This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least, are _____53____less nutrition. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, ____54_____ veterinary （兽医的）bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel ____55____with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is ___56_____ for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.
There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets ____57___ . They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies — a disease with no known cure - that has made the English government impose strict ___58____ on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently ___59___ a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourists immediately wrote letters to the newspapers_____60___ about ’mass murder’.
Another problem is the ____61____ of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just ___62____ it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not ___63___at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.
____64_____ , I would only suggest that we have got our ___65_____ wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets.
51. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest
52. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available
53. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally
54. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather than
55. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned D. unsatisfied
56.A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous D. essential
57. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common
58. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D. restriction
59. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed D. drove
60.A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D. complaining
61.A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation C. expectation D. kindness
62. A. isolate B. scold C. desert D. bind
63. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving
64. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
65. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. priority
（6）
For years people have recognized the power that writing something down has been able to anchor (固定) a thought or emotion in the brain. This process of anchoring emotions and memories with a 41___ touch is now well supported by studies and frequently used by those who practice Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP).
Evidence that the mind and body connection exists in building and retaining 42___ is abundant. More recently, however, researchers have been turning their attention to the 43___ between exercise and the brain. They are finding evidence that supports the belief that exercise can boost brain power.
How can that happen U.S. researchers have found that exercise helps that brain 44___ new brain cells in an area of the brain called the dentate gyrus. This area is known to be involved with age-related memory 45___. The studies performed involved mice and later humans supported the evidence found i those studies: there was increased blood flow to the memory center of the brain after exercise, which may help optimize the way the 46___ functions. Basically, anything that helps the body to decrease stress hormones, which will improve 47___ span as well as mood and increase the body’s metabolism, will also help the brain. It helps by making the brain cells healthier and better able to link to other cells. This action is vital for learning and 48___ new information.
The fact that exercise makes positive changes in the nervous system and boosts cognitive abilities has not gone unnoticed by schools. Many states have now established minimum times and 49___ for physical education. This type of action is supported by studies that show how much better 50___ fit third graders and fifth graders performed on standardized tests than students who were 51___ in their studies all the time. The evidence that links obesity with lower levels of academic achievement in school children is starting to 52___ everywhere.
Walking vigorously at least three times a week was found to benefit your brain, for it will cease to 53___ for a lack of exercise. Creative writing benefits brain a lot as this type of activity is not 54___ and cause the brain to produce new chemicals which stimulate new dendrites and neurons to grow in the brain. Use one or more of your physical senses, involve your complete attention and break away from your 55___ in a significant way as dull brain is never ready for the unexpected.
A. emotional B. skillful C. realistic D. physical
A. ambition B. association C. memories D. happiness
A. possibility B. difference C. relationship D. limitation
A. recognize B. develop C. track D. mark
A. experience B. loss C. change D. position
A. brain B. body C. technique D. memory
A. strength B. life C. service D. attention
A. discovering B. receiving C. conveying D. filing
A. image B. place C. reason D. frequency
A. environmentally B. mentally C. physically D. academically
A. strong B. active C. imaginative D. still
A. bring about B. catch on C. stand out D. set in
A. work B. grow C. decrease D. adapt
A. objective B. general C. mechanic D. natural
A. background B. presence C. dream D. routine
（7）
When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon, their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil, which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____41_____ surface’s low-pressure environment. But back at Johnson Space Center, in Houston, scientists discovered that the seals had been ___42_____—by moon dust.
Lunar dust is fine, like a powder, ____43____ it cuts like glass. It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface, heating rocks and dirt____44____ them to fine particles. Since there’s no wind or water to smooth _____45___ edges, the tiny grains are sharp and jagged, and cling to nearly everything.
“The invasive ____46____ of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue, as well as a ____47____issue for settlers, than does radiation,” wrote Harrison (Jack) Schmitt, an Apollo 17 astronaut, in his 2006 book, “Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots. Over the___48_____ of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ___49_____ its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships, too. According to Schmitt, it smelled like gunpowder and made breathing difficult. No one knows precisely what the microscopic particles do to human lungs.
The dust not only ____50____ the moon’s surface, but floats up to sixty miles above it—as part of its exosphere, where particles are bound to the moon by gravity, but are so sparse that they _____51___ collide. In the nineteen-sixties, Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during sunrise. Later, Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan, while orbiting the moon, recorded a___52_____ phenomenon at the sharp line where lunar day meets night, called the terminator. Cernan ____53____ a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape; streams of particles popped ____54____the ground and levitated, and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. ____55____ there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds, their origin is something of a mystery. It’s presumed that they’re made of dust, but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.
41. A. solar B. lunar C. dusty D. mysterious
42. A. destroyed B. stained C. changed D. redesigned
43. A. because B. however C. but D. so
44. A. adapting B. reducing C. tailoring D. shaping
45. A. soft B. hard C. rough D. flat
46. A. nature B. speed C. degree D. troops
47.A. intelligence B. health C. fund D. future
48.A. moment B. situation C. course D. program
49.A. installed B. lost C. found D. maintained
50. A. coats B. affects C. protects D. crusts
51. A. frequently B. violently C. gently D. rarely
52. A. strange B. similar C. common D. different
53. A. sketched B. described C. received D. copied
54.A. out B. in C. off D. down
55. A. Although B. Wherever C. Unless D. Since
（8）
A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although this is a rather shocking statistics, it should not 41 anyone who has seen the beautiful doggy bedroom or the quiet shady groves where loved pets rest. It is possible that Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are 42 to their pets.
This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or, at least, are 43 less nutritious. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, 44 veterinary (兽医的) bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel 45 with this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is 46 for me to get hot under the collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog home.
There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 47 . They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies---a disease with no known cure---that has made the English government impose strict 48 on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently 49 a number of homeless dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourist immediately wrote letters to the newspapers 50 about mass murder.
Another problem is the 51 of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually pester their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just 52 it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not 53 at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.
54 , I would only suggest that we have got our 55 wrong and that something should be done about it.
41. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest
42. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available
43. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally
44. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather than
45. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned D. unsatisfied
46. A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous D. essential
47. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common
48. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D. restrictions
49. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed D. drove
50. A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D. complaining
51. A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation C. expectation D. kindness
52. A. isolate B. scold C. desert D. bind
53. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving
54. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
55. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. priority
（9）
The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business. Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: __41__ at their job and delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the __42___. Anyway, who likes those who ___43___ or hurt other people We might insist that competence matters more, but our __44__ shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.
What companies should __45__ do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and __46__ displeasure.
__47__, more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The __48__ is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a __49__ cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely __50__. I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so __51__ bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it
By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that __52__ is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. I think this is a pretty good ides, but no one __53__ recommend this anymore without offending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.
Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to __54__ more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The __55__ is that this needs to be done with some skill.
A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded
A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority
A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy
A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance
A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead
A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out
A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence
A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom
A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity
A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless
A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully
A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity
A. need B. dare C. must D. should
A. create B. discover C. promote D. place
A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. trouble
（10）
“Achievement Gap” Closing Slightly for Young Students in U.S.
Within many education systems, wealthier students often test better than poorer ones, which, to education experts, is often called the “achievement gap.”
Sean Reardon is a professor of poverty and 41 in education at Stanford. He studied children and how they prepare for kindergarten classes. He also looked at how their preparation has changed since the 1990s. He found 42 that from 1998 to 2010 the achievement gap closed a little.
One way to reduce the gap is to offer pre-kindergarten 43 to very young children.
Education experts and some politicians have long 44 for pre-kindergarten classes for all young children. In fact, it has been a 45 heard on the political campaign trail —universal pre-kindergarten classes for all 3- and 4-year-olds.
Such classes are already being offered in some areas around the United States, including the U.S. capital, Washington, D.C. 46 , education reformers may want to look to Washington as a role model.
Vincent Gray, former mayor of the District of Columbia, wrote the legislation for universal pre-K when he was chairman of the D.C. Council. His 47 gave parents of all children in Washington the choice to begin school at either age 3 or 4. The pre-K programs are not a 48 in the city. Parents can still choose what is best for their family. But many parents are choosing education.
However, there are theories that say a child does not need schooling at the age of 3 and 4. If we are looking at test results, Finland 49 the United States and most other countries in mathematics, reading and science. Yet Finnish children do not start school until age 7.
Perhaps there is not a one-size-fits-all answer. Perhaps different children need school at different times. Generally, wealthier parents have more 50 resources to help their children. Educated parents — wealthy or not — may know how to use the resources that are available to them. For example, they may take their children to free events at a public library or recreation center. Washington, D.C. also has many museums with free 51 .
Perhaps children who grow up with these types of activities don’t need to start attending school at age 3. However, children who are growing up in what Vincent Gray calls socio-economically 52 situations may not have access to such activities. For some families, he says, starting school at age 3 can be a game changer.
Pre-kindergarten classes do more than 53 the child. They also bring parents and caregivers into the schools. This point of contact, explains Gray, is a valuable time to educate families.
A federal study found that, 54, parent involvement increased with such contacts. But it increased even more among 55 parents. It shows schools offer a place where conversations with these parents can happen.
41. A. efficiency B. inequality C. convenience D. independence
42. A. critically B. terribly C. firmly D. surprisingly
43. A. projects B. actions C. programs D. materials
44. A. desired B. pushed C. demanded D. promoted
45. A. promise B. potential C. possibility D. proportion
46. A. In fact B. For example C. As a result D. On the contrary
47. A. figure B. measure C. feature D. portrait
48. A. freedom B. option C. requirement D. need
49. A. beats B. wins C. conquers D. overcomes
50. A. economical B. political C. natural D. financial
51. A. permission B. admission C. expression D. impression
52. A. rich B. secure C. challenging D. dangerous
53. A. support B. entertain C. excite D. educate
54. A. generally B. especially C. definitely D. rarely
55. A. well-paid B. highly-cultivated C. well-educated D. low-income
（11）
Is Email Stressing You Out
Few people would disagree that email makes our lives easier. But ___41___ email can cause problems. Answering all those emails and processing all that information can ___42___ the brain, causing stress.
So says the Future Work Centre, a business based in London. This company carries out ___43___ research on people's experiences in their workplaces.
Dr. Richard MacKinnon at the center was the lead author of a report on messaging habits. He calls email a double-edged sword: Emails provide a useful way to communicate, but they could add to ___44___ in the mind, causing stress.
Come rain or shine, some office workers are under pressure to read and answer emails all day long. Psychologists are concerned about the pressure that workers bring on themselves.
Dr. Richard MacKinnon says that ___45___ email can be a valuable, time-saving communication tool, it can also be a source of stress and even ___46___ for many of us. He adds that the stress ___47___ come from the number of emails you get but result from when and how you deal with them.
According to the study, leaving email on all day and never signing off, ___48___ reading and answering emails early in the day and late at night, are what makes email ___49___.
Dr. MacKinnon says both bad email habits are ___50___ to higher levels of stress in office workers. The report gives several suggestions on ___51___ email stress.
※ Use email with a plan. Do not just react to endless email ___52___. If you use an email application, or app, on your device, close it down when you want to be left alone.
※ If you need to communicate with a co-worker, call or better still walk to their office and talk about it.
※ Be careful with the "reply all" option. ___53___, if you are accepting an invitation to attend training, just write back to those who need to know. Trust me. Other workers on that mailing list will thank you instead of being angry with you.
※ And accept the fact that if a matter is ___54___ employers will call you about it.
Email is certainly not going anywhere. So, it is important to take ___55___ of your emails and not the other way around.
A. cancelling B. misunderstanding C. misusing D. reusing
A. overload B. overlook C. relax D. slower
A. psychological B. physical C. practical D. logical
A. imagination B. confusion C. tension D. hesitation
A. if B. while C. since D. because
A. disease B. anger C. sadness D. tiredness
A. almost B. partly C. hardly D. absolutely
A. apart from B. instead of C. other than D. along with
A. stressful B. painful C. forgetful D. helpful
A. compared B. linked C. opposed D. added
A. building B. protecting C. changing D. avoiding
A. information B. addresses C. alerts D. tips
A. However B. For example C. In fact D. Therefore
A. urgent B. interesting C. attractive D. significant
A. notice B. care C. control D. Place
（12）
The most obvious benefit of a single currency is that it will no longer be necessary to incur(引起)the costs of exchange from one currency to another. Travelers know that these costs are not negligible. First of all, there is a commission (41) (usually a fixed amount); secondly, the price (42) which the traveler purchases foreign currency for domestic currency (43) from the price of exchanging back surplus (过剩)foreign currency. The removal of these transaction costs constitutes a gain from monetary union.
Another benefit is that removal of exchange rate (44) between the countries of the EU would provide much more assurance to (45) location decisions. At present, a company takes (46) of the risk of exchange rate variation in its location decision, and this may lead it to scatter its plants across the various economies to hedge against(防范)the risk of exchange rate variation. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to (47) according to economies of scale and may lead to more plants of (48) size, a reduction in unit cost of production, and increase in (49) .
A single currency provides the (50) for counter-inflationary(反通胀)policies. A single currency could lead to a (51) in the market discrimination that currently exists in the EU(for example, prices of motor cars of the (52) specification(规格) stand higher in the UK than they do in France) as the quotation(报价) of prices in common currency discourages arbitrage(套利)activity and reduces the market division(53) which such discrimination relies.(54) , firms in one country cannot continue to (55) their prices higher than their European competitors and still remain competitive.
A. money B. sum C. tip D. charge
A. on B. at C. in D. over
A. different B. infers C. differs D. variable
A. float B. contrast C. difference D. variation
A. appropriate B. cooperative C. corporate D. reasonable
A. account B. count C. mind D. range
A. decide B. locate C. choose D. invest
A. largest B. maximum C. medium D. optimum
A. effect B. effectiveness C. deficiency D. efficiency
A. shade B. firework C. framework D. door
A. rise B. reduction C. revival D. cause
A. same B. different C. similar D. excessive
A. in B. on C. over D. at
A. While B. Thus C. However D. Although
A. rise B. arise C. raise D. set
（13）
Flight simulator（飞行模拟器）refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely ___41___ for actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle concerned before they ___42___ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulation also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new modifications to ___43___ craft.
Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to ___44___ pilots to stimulate simple aircraft movements in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right ___45___, or vice versa; and yawing（偏航）to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appeared, ___46___ by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton, New York. By then, airplane instrumentation（仪器）had been developed sufficiently to permit“blind”flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved ___47___ risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit（驾驶舱）equipped with instrument panel and controls that could realistically simulate all the ___48___ of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls on the basis of instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or controlled ___49___ or descent with no visual reference to any horizon except for the ___50___ one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified as aircraft technology mercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, acquiring thousands more as World War Ⅱ ___51___.
Technological advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly ___52___. The use of efficient analog computers（模拟计算机）in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits. controls, and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a ___53___ trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything but the simplest light planes. By the 1950s, the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely replicated the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s electronic digital that precisely replicated the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s electronic digital and hybrid computers were adopted, and their speed and flexibility ___54___ simulation systems. Further advances in computer and programming technology, notably the development of virtual-reality simulation, have made it possible to ___55___ highly complex real-life conditions.
41. A. stand B. substitute C. seek D. strive
42. A. undermine B. undergo C. underlie D. undertake
43. A. existing B. developing C. flying D. learning
44. A. encourage B. inspire C. enable D. urge
45. A. high B. low C. higher D. lower
46. A. introduced B. promoted C. devised D. imagined
47. A. considerable B. long-term C. reduced D. additional
48. A. parts B. programs C. movements D. passengers
49. A. flight B. take-off C. landing D. climb
50. A. designed B. advanced C. controlled D. artificial
51. A. ended B. approached C. boomed D. declared
52. A. realistic B. popular C. valued D. expensive
53. A. conventional B. modern C. generalized D. accurate
54. A. created B. replaced C. joined D. revolutionized
55. A. reproduce B. resolve C. restore D. revise
（14）
When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a(n) ___41___ language and have their particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.
___42___, in France, business meetings begin immediately at the scheduled time and everyone is ___43___ to be there. Foreign business people who are ___44___ in acting are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the ___45___ of promptness（准时）. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to ___46___ trade relations.
A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions(货币兑换). For example, if a trade is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. ___47___, this particular type of money used in Russia is of little value to the American firm. It is, ___48___, necessary to exchange the foreign money to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars This exchange rate is determined by every market, where the money of countries are bought and sold. ___49___ there is an established rate, although it is often different from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth 0.75 on Monday and 0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. ___50___, there is the problem associated with exchange at 0.72. Some financial institutions may be ___51___ to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. ___52___, exchange may finally come at 0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.
A third unique problem is trade ___53___. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are ___54___ related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, ___55___, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas and tariffs.（配额和关税）
41. A. different B. official C. foreign D. native
42. A. In contrast B. For example
C. To sum up D. By the way
43. A. forced B. considered C. expected D. ordered
44. A. late B. quick C. early D. slow
45. A. importance B. carefulness
C. responsibility D. hopelessness
46. A. break B. establish C. improve D. restore
47. A. First of all B. After all C. Of course D. In fact
48. A. besides B. moreover C. nevertheless D. therefore
49. A. Thus B. Then C. And D. So
50. A. So far B. In addition C. By the way D. In a word
51. A. sure B. likely C. unwilling D. anxious
52. A. All in all B. For instance C. In reality D. As a result
53. A. barriers B. agreement C. balance D. dispute
54. A. generally B. directly C. mainly D. simply
55. A. somewhat B. furthermore C. however D. although
（15）
Ask anyone why there is an obesity(肥胖) epidemic and they will tell you that it’s all down to eating too much and burning too few calories. That explanation __51____ common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it __52____, many researchers now believe that some changes in our environment have contributed to such dramatic rises in ___53___ over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two”-reduced physical activity and increased availability of food –are not important contributors to the epidemic, but they can’t explain it all.
Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the ___54____ explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.
Not enough sleep.
A __55___ of shut-eye a also could be helping to make us fat.
Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night need to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more.__56____ , the US Nures Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women, found that those slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more __57____ during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who __58___ gained more than those who slept 7.
Although getting figures is difficult. It happens that we really are sleeping less, and the decline is ___59___ by the increase in obesity.
Climate control
We humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant ___60___ what’s going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic rate, shivering or ___61___. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.
3.___62___ effects
Your chances of becoming fat may be set, at least before you were even born. Children of mice fed a __63____ diet during pregnancy are much likely to become fat than the children of identical mice fed a normal diet. Interestingly, grandchildren of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally- so your fate may have been___64____ even before you were conceived.
4.Like marrying like
Just as people pair off according to looks so they do for size. Lean people are more likely to marry lean and fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like can’t __65___ any increase in obesity. But combined with others- particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children- it multiples the increase from other causes.
51.A. appeals to B. adapts to C. originates in D. results from
52.A. Therefore B. However C. Furthermore D. Otherwise
53. A. Climate B. obesity C. food D. activity
54.A. similar B. determining C. alternative D. common
55. A. degree B. series C. cycle D. shortage
56.A.Surprisingly B. Similarly C. Fortunately D. Seriously
57.A. weight B. depression C. confidence D. problem
58.A in brief B. in particular C. in turn D.in company
59.A. dominated B. caused. C. reflected D. concealed
60.A. in view of B. regardless of C. due to D. thanks for
61.A. sweating B. smiling C. sneezing D. spiting
62.A. Lasting B. Genetic C. Dietary D. Mental
63.A.low-fat B. high-fat C. dairy D. vegetarian
64 A. altered B. achieved C. sealed D. wound
65. A. account for B. call for C. make for D. allow for
（16）
Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public __51__ to base its consumption (消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ___52___ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous __53___. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others' products to __54___ their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren't a ___55___ new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and ___56___ to a few TV actresses. Today they're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ___57___. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with __58___ personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, __59___ almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there's a related __60___ tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product's ___61__ is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And __62___ the initial (最初的 ) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade , loyalty (忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.
Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to __63___a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. __64__, the ego's (自我的 ) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes ; success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as __65___ might last only a short time, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been short-lived.
51. A. aims B. returns C. tends D. means
52. A. abandoned Ｂ.delayed C. established D. assumed
53. A. films B. faces C. issues D. stories
54. A. inventing B. composing C. exploring D. developing
55. A. dramatically B. completely C. steadily D. normally
56. A. taken by B. set for C. limited to D. listed on
57. A. brands B. trends C. sales D. editions
58. A. common B. specific C. potential D. artificial
59. A. promoting B. extending C. engaging D. conversing
60. A. disappointing B. warning C. greeting D. amazing
61. A. origin B. organization C. release D. intention
62. A. while B. as C. once D. since
63. A. strike B. isolate C. promote D. reduce
64. A. Still B. Thus C. Moreover D. Indeed
65. A. stars B. models C. designers D. advertisers
（17）
A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although this is a rather shocking statistics, it should not __41__ anyone who has seen the beautiful doggy bedroom or the quiet shady groves where loved pets rest. It is possible that Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggest that the English, too, are __42__ to their pets.
This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or, at least, are __43__ less nutritious. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, __44__ veterinary（兽医的） bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel __45__ with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is __46__ for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog home.
There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets __47__. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies — a disease with no known cure—that has made the English government impose strict __48__ on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently __49__ a number of homeless dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourist immediately wrote letters to the newspapers __50__ about mass murder.
Another problem is the __51__ of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually pester their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonzo”. Then they just __52__ it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not __53__ at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone’s pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.
__54__, I would only suggest that we have got out __55__ wrong and that something should be done about it.
41. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest
42. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available
43. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally
44. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather than
45. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned D. unsatisfied
46. A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous D. essential
47. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common
48. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D. restrictions
49. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed D. drove
50. A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D. complaining
51. A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation C. expectation D. kindness
52. A. isolate B. scold C. desert D. bind
53. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving
54. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
55. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. priority
（18）
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s ——___51____, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important ___52____ of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the___53____ phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be ___54____ by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to___55____ what certain types of clothes mean. Young women can easily identify with the ___56____ of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more ___57____, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are ___58____ about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. ___59____, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain ___60____when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for ___61____ success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should ___62____ by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing ___63____ to women has also been greater than that avail able for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more ___64____ for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer ___65____, but she won’t get a job.”.
51. A. instinct B. gratitude C. background D. compliment
52. A. origin B. source C. concept D. concentration
53. A. initial B. decisive C. intentional D. informative
54. A. replaced B. influenced C. loved D. distanced
55. A. disapprove of B. agree on C. respond to D. act upon
56. A. intelligence B. lifestyles C. maturity D. images
57. A. good-looking B. diligent C. convincing D. challenging
58. A. concerned B. introduced C. focused D. doubted
59. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Nevertheless
60. A. sympathy B. confidence C. time D. success
61. A. recovering B. honoring C. celebrating D. achieving
62. A. ensure B. convey C. illustrate D. implement
63. A. prices B. choices C. colors D. materials
64. A. favorably B. formally C. patiently D. carefully
65. A. compliment B. application C. training D. interview
（19）
You already know that colors can suggests a mood or attitude, but do you know that color is a 41 that can persuade us to buy things According to some researches, color can be up to 85 percent of the reason we 42 to purchase something. Smart marketers know: Color 43 !
“Right” colors make products “better”
Colors 44 how we feel about the food we eat. For example, orange juice with 45 orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter.
In the case of 46 color also plays a role. Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of face creams That’s for a good reason. In a research study, some women were given pink and white face creams, which were 47 expect for their color. One hundred percent of the women said that the pink face creams were more effective and 48 on sensitive skin.
More colorful, more personalized
We need not only good quality products, but personalized ones. This urges manufactures to make their products more and more colorful.
Take M&M’s Milk Chocolate for example. Having a packet of M&M’s candies in 49 , choosing which ones to eat first according to their colors---many of us probably have such experience. A variety of colors is the 50 of the classic candies. Now they have come with even more custom colors that will be sure to 51 in your mouth, not in your hand! Gold, sliver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. Eating such candies must be a 52 “sweet” experience.
Another successful color marketing example is Apple’s iPod. Does Apple have 53 MP3 technology Maybe, but that’s not the point, marketing experts say. What makes the iPod so successful is “the 54 that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” The fourth generation of ipod Nano features nine colors--pink, red, orange, yellow and so on. Color, as a personal statement, adds a touch of 55 to the MP3 player.
A. sign B. therapy C. tool D. phenomenon
A. decide B. cause C. refuse D. swear
A. advertises B. sells C. claims D. exclaims
A. reflect B. recall C. influence D. stimulate
A. enhanced B. developed C. strengthened D. addicted
A. fashion B. cosmetics C. physiology D. psychology
A. ideal B. smooth C. identical D. ripe
A. efficient B. influential C. practical D. milder
A. mind B. mouth C. hand D. pocket
A. signature B. taste C. innovation D. signal
A. swallow B. digest C. chew D. melt
A. specially B. particularly C. normally D. unusually
A. inferior B. superior C. priority D. supportive
A. design B. color C. content D. system
A. humanity B. popularity C. individuality D. activity
答案
1. 48-62BDAAB DCDAB DCABA
2. 51-55BBCAD 56-60DDCCD 61-65AABAA
3. 41-45 BABAD 46-50 CBADA 51-55 CABDC
4. 41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCAC
5. 51-55 BAACA 56-60 ACDBD 61-65 ACACD
6. 41-55 DCCBB ADCDC DBBCD
7. 41-45 BACBC 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBACD
8. 41-45 BCACD 46-50 BCDBD 51-55 ACBCD
9. 41-55 BADBC DCBDA BDBAA
10. 41-45: BDCBA 46-50: ABCAD 51-55: BCDAD
11. 41-55 CAACB BCDAB DCBAC
12. DBCDC ABDDC BABBC
13. Ⅲ. 41-55 BBACB CACDD BACDA
14. 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. C
15. 51-65 Keys: ABBCD AACBB ABAAA
16. 51-65 C A B D B C A B D B A C D A C
17. 41.B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. D
18. 51-65 CBADB BCACB DBBAD
19. 41-45 CABCA 46-50 BCDCA 51-55 DBBAC