(共77张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
2. vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
3. n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
4. vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
5. vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
6. n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
7. n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
8. adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
9. n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
severe
subscribe
household
suspect
blame
handle
link
raw
decrease
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
10. n.思想;思维;见解
11. n.病毒
12. n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决
13. n.疫苗
14. n.框架;结构
15. adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体
16. vt.(cast, cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
17. n.阴影;影子;背光处
18. n.彩虹
19. vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
20. n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
thinking
virus
finding
vaccine
framework
solid
cast
shadow
rainbow
pour
concrete
21. adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
22. adj.抽象的;理性的 n.(文献等的)摘要
23. n.概念;观念
24. prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外
25. adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
26. adv.此外;再者
27. n.弱点;过错
28. n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
outstanding
abstract
concept
besides
brilliant
furthermore
fault
shift
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.cholera n.
2.diarrhoea n.
3.dehydration n.
4.germ n.
5.pump n.
6.substantial adj.
7.statistic n.[pl.]
8.epidemiology n.
9.microscope n.
10.protein n.
11.cell n.
霍乱
腹泻
脱水
微生物;细菌;病菌
泵;抽水机;打气筒
大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
统计数字;统计资料;统计学
流行病学
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞;小房间;单间牢房
12.plasma n.
13.aerospace n. +
14.patriotic adj.
15.aviation n.
16.jet n.
17.missile n.
18.trace vt. n.
19.telescope n.
血浆
航空航天工业
爱国的
航空制造业;航空;飞行
喷气式飞机
导弹
追溯;追踪; 查出
痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
望远镜
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→ v.挫败;使沮丧→
adj.令人沮丧的
2. adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的→ v.反驳;相抵触,
相矛盾
3. vt.使感染;传染→ n.感染;传染→ adj.传染性
的
4. n.证据;证明;检验→ v.证明
5. adj.数量多的;多种多样的→ v.成倍增加;乘
6. n.介入;出面;干涉→ v.干预;干扰;打断(别人的话)
7. adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→ n.纯洁;纯净;纯粹
frustrated
frustrate
frustrating
contradictory
contradict
infect
infection
infectious
proof
prove
multiple
multiply
intervention
intervene
pure
purity
8. vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ n.变化,改观,转变
9. adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→ adv.最初;开始
10. adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→ n.机械师;机械修理工
11. vt.保卫;防守;辩解→ n.保卫,防守;辩解
12. n.助理;助手→ v.帮助→ n.帮助;援助
13. n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→ n.领导者;最佳的人(或物)
14. adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→ n.天赋,才能;礼物
15. adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→ adv.稳定地;平稳地;稳固地
16. n.天文学家→ n.天文学
17. adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→ adv.生动地;鲜明地
transform
transformation
initial
initially
mechanical
mechanic
defend
defence/defense
assistant
assist
assistance
leadership
leader
gifted
gift
steady
steadily
astronomer
astronomy
vivid
vividly
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 最终;及时
2. 照料
3. 最终地;彻底地
4. 总的来说
5. 同意;赞同
6. 决定做某事
7. 幸亏;由于
8. 而不是
9. 有意义,讲得通
10. 执行,实施
11. 首先
in time
attend to
once and for all
in general
subscribe to
be determined to do sth.
thanks to
rather than
make sense
carry out
in the first place
12. 着手处理
13. 对……施加压力
14. 对……有影响
15. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
16. 主管;掌管
17. 承担(责任)
18. 患(病);染上(小病)
19.be linked to
20.be ready to do sth.
21.care about
22.discourage sb. from doing sth.
get down to
put pressure on...
have an impact on...
break out
in charge of
take on
come down
与……有关
准备好做某事;马上要做某事
关心;在意
使某人丧失信心而不做某事
23.be traced back to
24.point out
25.be willing to do sth.
26.above all
27.apart from
28.draw a conclusion
29.benefit from...
追溯到
指出
愿意做某事
最重要的是;尤其是
除……以外
得出结论
从……中受益
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.这个女人似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,以至于她每天都让人把水送到她的
家里。
the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had
it to her house every day.
2.于是,他让人把水泵的把手拆掉了,这样水泵就用不成了。
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed it could not be
used.
3.幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
Fortunately, we now know cholera, thanks to the work of
John Snow.
It seemed that
delivered
so that
how to prevent
4.许多科学家赞同这样的观点:是人类活动导致了全球变暖。(强调句型)
Many scientists subscribe to the view that human activity has
caused global warming.
5.……钱学森意识到中国需要自己的强大的空军来保护和保卫国家,因此他决定
改学航空专业。
...Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that
China needed its own powerful air force the country.
6.他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,被安排不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且
负责中国的航天和导弹项目。
He received a hero‘s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of
developing China's rocket science its space and missile programme.
it is
that
to protect and defend
not only
but also
7.当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗 ”时,他的回答十分坚定:“为什
么不能呢 ……”
“Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply
was a determined “Why not ...”
8.霍金最早成名于1964年,当时他身体还足够健康,行动自如,是剑桥大学物理学
研究生。
Hawking first achieved fame when he still to
walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.
When asked
was
healthy enough
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doc-
tor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
分析:本句为主从复合句。until引导时间状语从句,其中John Snow是a British doc-
tor的 , how it could be overcome是一个 从句。
句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一,直到一位英国医生约翰·斯诺(向
人们)展示了如何战胜它。
2.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scien-
tific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with
effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
分析:本句为主从复合句。Described by...devotion是过去分词短语作状语,其中的
with“great scientific thought and scientific spirit ”是with短语作 ,修饰
同位语
宾语
后置定语
前面的a man,其中的who引导的是 ,修饰先行词 。
句意:钱学森备受人们的尊敬,《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有
“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人,并且他热爱祖国、勤勉努力、成就斐然、甘
于奉献。
3.However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to
switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful
air force to protect and defend the country.
分析:本句为主从复合句。after引导的是 ,后面是该从句对应的主句,
在这个主句中,又包含一个because引导的 ;realised 后面接的是that引
导的宾语从句,to protect and defend the country作的是 。
句意:不过,1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森意识到中国需要自己的强大的空军来
保护和保卫国家,因此他决定改学航空专业。
定语从句
a man
时间状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语
Ⅴ.必备语法
名词性从句:表语从句
1.One theory was bad air caused the disease.
2.You may not believe it, but that was happened at the initial stage of
our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
that
what
| suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
情景导学
I don't trust her—I suspect that she's a bit two-faced.
我不信任她——我觉得她有点两面派。
One of his roommates was suspected of stealing his money last night.
他其中一个舍友被怀疑昨天晚上偷了他的钱。
归纳拓展
①suspect sb. (doing) sth.怀疑某人做某事
②suspect+ 从句 怀疑/觉得……
③suspect sb. to be...怀疑某人是……
of
that
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )While on his way to Bukhara he gets a
taste of police methods when suspected drug dealing.
解析 考查介词。句意:在去布哈拉的路上,他被警察怀疑贩毒。suspect sb. of
sth.是固定短语,意为“怀疑某人做某事”。故填of。
1-2 (2017浙江,语法填空, )She suspected one of her three daugh-
ters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up.
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:她怀疑是她的三个女儿中的一个捡到了它,她们当
时分别是10岁、8岁和6岁。suspected后面跟的从句意思完整通顺,不缺少成分,
故填that。
of
that
完成句子
1-3 (2020天津,阅读理解C, )这样就很容易辨认出嫌疑犯。
It makes it easy .
to identify a suspect
blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
情景导学
Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,
you are a loser.一旦养成把不好的情况归咎于其他人或事的习惯,你就是一个失败
者。
The headmaster wanted to find out who was to blame for the fire.校长想要弄清楚谁
应该对这场火灾负责。
The researchers say that if you are not satisfied with the shape of your nose, blame it
on climate, not your parents.研究人员说,如果你对自己鼻子的形状不满意,不要怪
父母,要怪气候。
|
归纳拓展
①blame sb./sth. sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物
②blame sth. sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某物
③be to blame ( sth.) (对某事)负有责任
④take/bear the blame承担责任
⑤lay/put the blame on... 把责任推到……上
for
on
for
单句语法填空
2-1 (2019北京,阅读理解C改编, )Who is (blame) for the problem
of robocalls
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:谁应该对自动语音电话问题负责 be to blame意
为“应负责任;应受责备”,为固定搭配,不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
2-2 (2018江苏,阅读理解D, )Some social app companies were
(blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:一些社交应用程序公司应该受到责备,因为它们
没有充分检查它们的用户的注册情况。be to blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,
为固定搭配。
to blame
to blame
2-3 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,七选五, )Lots of people find it hard to get up in the
morning, and put the blame the alarm clock.
解析 考查介词。句意:很多人发现早上起床很难,并把责任推到闹钟上。put the
blame on...为固定搭配,意为“把责任推到……上”。
2-4 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )I often had crazy dreams in which I was to
blame Miller's accident.
解析 考查介词。句意:我经常做疯狂的梦,梦到我要为Miller的事故负责。be to
blame for sth.意为“对某事负有责任”,为固定搭配。
2-5 ( )While we can't change the body type we are born with, we can't blame our
genes making us fat.
解析 考查介词。句意:尽管我们无法改变与生俱来的体型,但我们也不能把使
我们肥胖(的原因)归咎于基因。blame sb./sth. for...意为“把……归咎于某人/某
物”,为固定搭配。
on
for
for
link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联;挽住
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the
different water companies in London.(教材P3)此外,斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍
乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司之间的联系。
情景导学
The study tries to explain why there is a link between engaging in the arts and living
longer.这项研究试图解释为什么从事艺术和长寿之间存在联系。
The system allows customers to scan their hands at the store and link them to/with
their credit cards.该系统允许客户在店里“刷手”,并将它们与他们的信用卡联系
起来。
|
According to the study, even going to the theater or museum once or twice a year was
linked with/to a 14% lower risk of dying early.该研究显示,即使每年去一两次剧院
或博物馆,早逝风险也能降低14%。
归纳拓展
①link... / ... 把……与……连接/联系起来
②a link between...and...
to
with
……与……之间的关系/联系
单句语法填空
3-1 (2019天津,阅读理解C改编, )When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge
numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species (link)strongly.
解析 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意:当一种掠食动物总是大量吃一
种猎物时,这两个物种是牢固相连的。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填谓语动词,
由语境可知用一般现在时,link与主句主语the two species之间是被动关系且主语
为复数,故填are linked。
3-2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,完形填空, ) (link) arms with one of the in-
structors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:挽住其中一个教练的手臂,我帮忙把这个年轻男
子抬出了水面。分析句子结构可知, arms with one of the instructors作
状语,主语I和link之间为主动关系,故填Linking。
are linked
Linking
3-3 (2018浙江,语法填空, )Researchers have found that there is a direct link
the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight prob-
lems.
解析 考查介词。句意:研究人员发现,在家外面吃食物(的次数)的增加与体重问
题的增加有直接联系。a link between...and...意为“……与……之间的联系”。
完成句子
3-4 (2020北京,阅读理解C, )她的最终目标是将艺术和科学的世界重新连接
起来。
the worlds of art science back together.
between
Her final goal is to link
and
decrease n.减少;降低;减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减
少;减小;降低
Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the
threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)通过斯诺的不
懈努力,饮用水公司开始销售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁也大幅降低。
情景导学
The greenhouse gas emissions have decreased by 4% by now.
到目前为止,温室气体排放已经减少了4%。
There has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.失业青年人数
已经有所下降。
The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs.由于更低
的燃料花费,运输费用在降低。
|
归纳拓展
①decrease 减少了……
②decrease to减少到……
③ the decrease 在降低,在减少
④(a) decrease 在……方面减少
by
on
in
单句语法填空
4-1 (2020北京,七选五, )Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and
(decrease) self-respect.
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:消极的自言自语损伤自信心并且降低自尊。
根据and连接的并列谓语动词damages可以判断此处应用一般现在时,且用单数形
式。故填decreases。
4-2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空改编, )So far this switch
(decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs(水库) and made
drinking water safer for people.
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,这种改变已经减少了中国
主要湖泊和水库的污染,并使人们的饮用水变得更加安全了。根据so far判断用
现在完成时,又因为主语是this switch,故填has decreased。
decreases
has decreased
4-3 ( )After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found
that there was a decrease classroom violence.
解析 考查介词。句意:在亚特兰大的冲突解决项目启动后,人们发现课堂暴力
有所减少。根据句意可知此处表示“在某方面减少”,故填in。
in
transform vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
...Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(教材P3)……斯诺改变了科学
家研究疾病的方式。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年2月)The airline launched the “Economy Skycouch”, allow-
ing passengers traveling together to transform their seats into a bed.这家航空公司推
出了“经济舱空中沙发”,允许一起旅行的乘客把座位变成床。
The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformation in the past decade.
在过去十年里,我们的工作方式经历了彻底的转变。
归纳拓展
① n.改观;变化;转变;改革
②transform...into...
|
transformation
把……转变为……
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020天津,阅读理解A, )They have transformed themselves
places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or
find out how to start a business.
解析 考查介词。句意:它们已经把自己变成了你可以发展对知识的热爱、遇见
有趣的人或者发现如何创业的地方。固定短语transform...into...意为“把……转
变为……”。
5-2 (2020江苏,33, )The health security systems of many countries are undergo-
ing considerable (transform).
解析 考查名词。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历相当大的转变。un-
dergo是及物动词,后面应该接名词作宾语,故填transformation。
into
transformation
5-3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B改编, )The team wants (trans-
form) the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty
recipes.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:这个团队想用不那么贵但仍然美味的食谱改变这
个家庭漫长的周末的庆祝活动。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。故填to
transform。
to transform
break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932...(教材P7)不过,1932年淞沪会
战爆发后……
情景导学
We had to walk home in the snow as the bus broke down.
因为公共汽车抛锚了,所以我们不得不冒着大雪步行回家。
American alternative rock band The Pixies broke up in 1993 after playing for seven
years.美国另类摇滚乐队Pixies乐队在演奏了7年后于1993年解散。
The soldiers quickly broke through the enemy's defences.
战士们很快突破了敌军的防御工事。
|
归纳拓展
①break away (from...)(从……中)挣脱/脱离
②break down ;(身体等)垮掉;崩溃;使分解;破坏,消除
③break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
④break through
⑤break up ;结束;拆开;粉碎;破碎
(机器、车辆等)出故障
冲破;突破
解散
单句语法填空
6-1 (2020天津,完形填空, )Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY
TO CHAT”benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps
people from saying hello.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了——“快乐聊天”长椅
有助于打破阻止人们打招呼的无形的社交障碍。break down意为“打破,消
除”。故填down。
6-2 (2018北京,阅读理解C, )Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says
the worms' ability to break their everyday food—beeswax—also allows
them to break down plastic.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:这项研究的合著者Federica Bertocchini说,这些幼虫
分解它们每日(所吃)的食物——蜂蜡——的能力也使它们能分解塑料。break
down意为“使分解”。 故填down。
down
down
6-3 (2017浙江,完形填空, )Her friends came to help her when the war broke
.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:战争爆发时,她的朋友来帮助她。break out意为“爆
发”。故填 out。
6-4 (2017江苏,阅读理解C, )Breaking firms like Google into five
small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become
great again.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:把像谷歌这样的公司拆分成五家小公司并不会阻止
它们的自我重造:最终,其中一家公司将再次变得强大。break up意为“拆分”。
故填up。
out
up
defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
...Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that
China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)
……钱学森意识到中国需要自己的强大的空军来保护和保卫国家,因此他决定改
学航空专业。
情景导学
The Sacrifice records ordinary soldiers who sacrificed their lives in defense of a
bridge. 电影《金刚川》记录的是以血肉之躯保卫一座桥的普通士兵。
The soldier defended the gate from/against sudden attack.
这名士兵保卫大门以防突然袭击。
|
归纳拓展
①defend... ... 保护……免受……;为……辩护/辩解,反驳……
②defence/defense n.保卫;辩护;防守
③in defense/defence ... 保卫……;为……辩护
④defensive adj.防御的;自卫的;戒备的
against/from
of
单句语法填空
7-1 (2020天津,阅读理解B改编, )“Small does not mean weak, sir,” she
(defend) herself when I mentioned her age.
解析 考查动词的时态。句意:当我提到她的年龄时,她为自己辩护道:“小并不
意味着弱,先生。”根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知,此处是指过去的
情况,应用一般过去时。故填defended。
7-2 (2016四川,七选五, )They help the body defend itself some
kinds of infections.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:它们帮助保护身体免受某些种类的感染。defend...
against/from...意为“保护……免受……”。故填against或from。
defended
against/from
7-3 ( )What was especially important for Tim’s successful
(defend) in the football game
解析 考查名词。句意:什么对于蒂姆在足球比赛中的成功防守尤其重要 根据
空前的名词所有格Tim's和形容词successful可知此处应用名词。defense/defence
是名词,意为“防守”。故填defense或defence。
7-4 ( )Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with
your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being (defend).
解析 考查形容词。句意:肢体语言会泄露出很多关于你的情绪(的信息),所以双
臂交叉站立可以传递出一个你正在自卫的信号。根据are being可知此处作表语
应用形容词,故填defensive。
defense/defence
defensive
assistant n.助手;助理 adj.助理的;副的
As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,
Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion...(教材P7)在20世纪3
0年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理期间,钱学森帮助开展了火箭推进方面的
重要研究工作……
情景导学
What's wrong with you Can I be of assistance
你怎么了 我能帮上忙吗
With the assistance of his brother, the scientist finished the research successfully.在
哥哥的帮助下,这位科学家成功地完成了研究。
|
China will open its FAST to assist global scientists with their research work next
year.
明年中国将开放“天眼”来协助全球的科学家的研究工作。
归纳拓展
①assistance n.帮助;支持;援助
②with the assistance of...
③be of 有帮助的;能帮上忙的
④ v.帮助;援助
⑤assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
⑥assist (sb.) in/ sth.在……方面帮助(某人)
在……的帮助下
assistance
assist
with
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C改编, )Jaclyn Norberg is an (assist)
professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
解析 考查形容词。句意:Jaclyn Norberg是马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的塞勒姆州立大
学运动科学助理教授。设空处修饰其后的名词professor,所以此处应用形容词,故
填assistant,意为“助理的;副的”。
8-2 (2019浙江,阅读理解B, )Young couples needed financial
(assist).
解析 考查词性转换。句意:年轻的夫妇需要财务援助。分析句子可知, financial
是形容词,作定语,所以设空处应填名词assistance。
assistant
assistance
8-3 (2016课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)
value of silence can use this understanding to assist the care of patients
from their own and from other cultures.
解析 考查介词。句意:理解沉默的治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照
顾来自他们自己的和其他文化(背景)的病人。assist in/with...在……方面帮助,故
填in或with。
8-4 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )His presence meant that I had an unexpect-
ed teaching (assist) in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other
students.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:他的存在意味着我在课堂上有一个意想不到的助
教,他的创造力会感染其他学生。由设空处前面的an可知,此处应填名词assistant,
意为“助手,助理”。
in/with
assistant
8-5 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )I'm sure I was the last person in the world he
wanted to accept (assist) from.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:我确信在这个世界上他最不想接受我的帮助。分析
句子可知,此处应填名词,作动词accept的宾语,故填assistance,意为“帮助;援
助”。
assistance
in charge of 主管;掌管
He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only
developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(教材P8)
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎,被安排不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且
负责中国的航天和导弹项目。
情景导学
Passengers in Beijing can call autonomous-driving cabs free of charge via the Baidu
Maps.
北京的乘客可以通过百度地图免费呼叫自动驾驶出租车。
The project which Mr. Li was in charge of is in the charge of Miss Lin at present.过
去由李先生负责的项目现在由林女士负责。
|
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the programme 你知道琳达是否
愿意接管这个项目吗
归纳拓展
①charge n.负责,掌管;收费;指控;充电量
②in charge
③in the charge of...
④take charge of...
⑤free of charge
⑥charge v.收费;指控;充电
⑦charge (sb./sth.) for sth.因某物向(某人/某物)收费
⑧charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
负责,掌管
由……负责/掌管
接管……
免费地
单句语法填空
9-1 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C改编, )At first the price of single copies was
seldom a penny, and usually two or three cents (charge).
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 句意:起初,一份的价格很少是一分
钱,通常要收两三分钱。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,由语境可知用一般过
去时,two or three cents作主语时通常视为一个整体,且与charge之间为被动关系,
故填 was charged。
9-2 ( )I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already
been charged the reservation.
解析 考查介词。句意:我不明白为什么会发生这样的事,我的信用卡已经被收
取了预订的费用。charge...for...意为“因为……而向……收费”,此处为其被动
语态。
was charged
for
9-3 ( )The old lady was charged murdering her husband.
解析 考查介词。句意:这位老太太被指控谋杀她丈夫。sb. be charged with do-
ing...意为“某人被指控做……”。
完成句子
9-4 ( )Thompson在父亲退休后掌管了这家公司。
Thompson was the company after his father retired.
=The company was Thompson after his father retired.
with
in charge of
in the charge of
强调句型
Many scientists subscribe to the view that it is human activity that has caused global
warming.(教材P4)许多科学家赞同这样的观点:是人类活动导致了全球变暖。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年11月)It was on November 4,2020 that the opening ceremony of
the 3rd China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai.第三届中国国际进
口博览会开幕式于2020年11月4日在上海举行。
Was it John Goodenough who/that won the Nobel Prize at 97
是约翰·古迪纳夫在97岁时获得了诺贝尔奖吗
Who was it that gave you the permission to check my e-mail
是谁允许你查看我的邮件呢
|
It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assis-
tant.
贝尔是在五天以后才给他的助手发了第一条电话留言。
归纳拓展
①强调句型的基本结构为 ,被强调的部
分通常不能是谓语、表语和补足语。强调 时,可以用连接词
或 ;否则只能用 。
②强调句型的一般疑问句式: ;特殊疑问句式:
③not...until...用于强调句型的基本结构为
。
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
人
who
that
that
Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他部分
It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+
其他部分
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )It's this strange form makes race
walking such an attractive activity.
解析 考查强调句型。句意:就是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成了一项如此有吸引力
的活动。分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句型,强调的是主语this strange form。故
填that。
1-2 (2017天津,11, )It was when I got back to my apartment I first
came across my new neighbors.
解析 考查强调句型。句意:就是在我回到我的公寓时,我第一次遇见了我的新
邻居。此处为强调句型,强调的是when引导的时间状语从句,故填that。
that
that
将下面的句子改为强调句型的一般疑问句形式
1-3 (2020江苏,完形填空, )It's not what happens to us that determines our lives.
结合not...until...用于强调句型的基本结构完成句子
1-4 ( )巴赫死于1750年,但直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到充分认可。
Bach died in 1750,
.
Is it not what happens to us that determines our lives?
but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift
was fully recognized
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语
...Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that
China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)
……钱学森意识到中国需要自己的强大的空军来保护和保卫国家,因此他决定改
学航空专业。
情景导学
Side effects might happen if you take a pill in order to cure a certain disease.
如果你服用药物来治好某种疾病,可能会产生副作用。
He pretended to be a fool so as to remove the enemy's doubts.
为了消除敌人的疑虑他假装是一个傻子。
Not to miss the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up early.
为了不错过早班机,我们提前叫了一辆出租车,并且很早就起床了。
|
In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.
=She got up very early so as to catch the early bus.
为了赶上早班公交车,她很早就起来了。
归纳拓展
①作目的状语的不定式(短语)的否定形式常用 。
②除了用“to do”作目的状语,还可以用in order to do或so as to do,但
一般不能置于句首。
not to do
so as to do
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020天津,4, ) (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher sug-
gested reading through our notes.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔
记。由句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ, 阅读理解A, )The provincial government and its partners
offer many programs (help) students find summer jobs.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:省政府及其合作伙伴提供许多项目来帮助学生找
到暑期工作。分析句子结构可知,不定式短语to help students find summer jobs作
目的状语。
To help
to help
2-3 (2019北京, 阅读理解B, )With her dad's permission, she spent the next two
years researching online and conducting trials (get) a recipe that was
both tasty and tooth-friendly.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:有了父亲的许可,为了获得一个既美味又保护牙
齿的配方,她花了接下来的两年时间在网上研究和进行试验。分析句子结构可
知,不定式短语to get a recipe...作目的状语。
2-4 (2019北京, 阅读理解B, )Moore then used her savings (get) her
business off the ground.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:Moore随后用自己的积蓄开了一家公司。to get
her business off the ground作目的状语。
to get
to get
完成句子
2-5 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )你不必为了展现你的幽默感而成为小组中讲笑
话的人。
You don't have to be the joke teller in the group
your sense of humor.
in order/so as to show
状语从句的省略
When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ”, his reply was a deter-
mined “Why not ...”(教材P8)当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗 ”,
他的回答十分坚定:“为什么不能呢 ……”
情景导学
The president showed that if necessary, he would do it with his own money.总统表
示如有必要,他会自己花钱做这件事。
When speaking English, he often makes mistakes.
他说英语时经常犯错误。
Unless frightened, elephants will not attack you.
除非受到惊吓,否则大象不会攻击你。
|
归纳拓展
当主句的主语和状语从句的主语一致或从句的主语是 ,且从句的谓语
部分含有be动词时,状语从句可以省略 。常见的这类状语从句的引
导词有 等。
it
主语和be动词
when、while、if、unless、although、though、once、even if/though
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020浙江,阅读理解A, )What does the author suggest readers do while
(read) the plays
解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意:作者建议读者在读剧本的同时干什么呢 分
析句子结构可知此处是状语从句的省略,在“连词+分词”结构中,逻辑主语read-
ers和read之间是主动关系,故填现在分词reading。此处省略了they are。
3-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B改编, )The researchers found children who play
with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial(空间的) skills
when (assess)at 54 months of age.
解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意:研究人员发现在26个月到46个月大的时候玩
智力游戏的孩子,在54个月大被测评时有着更好的空间技能。assess意为“测评;
评估”, 与children是被动关系,when后省略了they are。
reading
assessed
完成句子
3-3 (2020天津,阅读理解A, )自你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗 如
果是这样的话,你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library , you may be
surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
If so
表语从句
在主从复合句中,充当表语的从句叫表语从句,它位于系动词之后。可以接表
语从句的系动词有be、look、 remain、 seem等。
观察1
The fact is that COVID-19 has a great influence on our life.
事实是新冠肺炎对我们的生活有很大的影响。
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
Private jet operators are still needed. That is because the rich are continuing to travel
as much as before.私人飞机操作员仍然被需要。那是因为富人继续像以前一样
频繁地旅行。
归纳1
表语从句中连词的用法:that、whether、because这些连词在从句中不作成分,其
中① 无词义,但不能省略;② 后接表示原因的句子;whether
表示③ 。
观察2
Your mother's health is not what it used to be.
你母亲的健康状况已今非昔比。
The puzzle is who got close to the dying patient.
谜团是谁曾经接近过那个奄奄一息的病人。
归纳2
表语从句中连接代词的用法:连接代词引导表语从句时,除了起连接作用外,还可
以在从句中充当④ 、⑤ 和宾语等成分,本身具有词义。常
that
because
是否
主语
表语
见的连接代词有what、which、who、whose、whom、whoever、whatever、
whichever等。
观察3
The point is when we can find out the solution to the problem.
关键是我们何时能查明解决这个问题的方法。
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前看过那部
电影,那就是他为什么昨天晚上没有去看。
归纳3
表语从句中连接副词的用法:连接副词引导表语从句时,除了起连接作用外,还可
以在从句中充当⑥ ,本身具有词义。常见的连接副词有when、
where、why、how等。
状语
观察4
It seems as though he has a conflict with his friend.
看起来他好像与朋友发生了冲突。
She looks as if she were ten years younger.
她看起来仿佛年轻了十岁。
My suggestion is that we(should)adopt a more flexible approach. 我的建议是我们应
该采用一种更灵活的方法。
归纳4
(1)当主语是advice、suggestion、order、command、request、requirement等表示
⑦ 、⑧ 或⑨ 的名词时,表语从句常用虚拟语
气,即谓语动词用“⑩ ”。
建议
命令
要求
(should+)动词原形
(2)当表语从句的连接词是 或 时,后面的表语从句如
果表示假设的情况,也需使用虚拟语气,对现在虚拟用 ;对过去虚拟
用 ;对将来虚拟用would/could/might+动词原形。如果表示事实或
很可能是事实,则不用虚拟语气。
观察5
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with
her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
Tom overslept this morning, and that is why he was late for work.汤姆今天早晨睡
过了头,那就是他上班迟到的原因。
One of the reasons why he succeeded is that he worked hard enough.他成功的原因
之一是他足够努力。
as if
as though
一般过去时
过去完成时
归纳5
当 reason 作主语时,表语从句要用 引导;that's why后面接表示
的内容;that's because 后面接表示 的内容。
that
结果
原因
单句语法填空
1.(2020天津, 阅读理解B, )Making a full-length clay(黏土) figure would not
exhaust my strength—and that is I intend to do!
解析 考查表语从句。句意:做一个全身的泥人不会耗尽我的体力——那就是我
打算做的! 设空处引导表语从句,且在表语从句中作do的宾语,指“……的事情”,
所以填what。
2.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ, 完形填空改编, )The number of snakes had declined. He
realized that it was there weren't enough trees to protect them from the heat.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树
木来保护它们免受高温的侵袭。设空处引导表语从句,结合句意可知此处意为
“因为”,故填because。
what
because
3.(2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空改编, )Chinese New Year is an important celebration.
This is decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special signifi-
cance.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:中国新年是一个重要的庆祝活动。这就是为什么用
植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义。根据句意可知这里表示“这就是为什么
……”,应是“This is why...”。故填why。
4.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )Motivation is you need most to do a
good job.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:动力是你做好工作最需要的东西。 you
need most to do a good job是表语从句,且need缺少宾语,指需要的东西,故用
what。
why
what
5.(2019北京,七选五, ) Another possibility is when there is a lot of
talent on a team, some players may make less effort.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:另一种可能是,当一个团队中有很多天才时,一些运
动员可能会付出更少的努力。空格处在句中引导表语从句,没有实际意义,在从
句中不作任何成分,故填that。
6.(2019江苏,阅读理解C, ) The question, however, is this is what
the developing countries need the most.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:然而,问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的东西。
空格处在句中引导表语从句,意为“是否”,在从句中不作任何成分,故填
whether。
that
whether
7.(2018北京, 15, )This is my father has taught me—to always face
difficulties and hope for the best.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:这就是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难并寄予最大
的希望。 my father has taught me是表语从句,该空在从句中作taught
的直接宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理”,故用what。
8.(2018江苏,21, )By boat is the only way to get here, which is we
arrived.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达
(这里)的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导表语从句。结合句意可知,这里用how
充当表语从句的方式状语,表示“如何”。
what
how
9.(2017课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )What I'm hoping to accomplish is
my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black
and white anymore.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:我希望实现的是,我这一代和更年轻的一代开始重
新思考和理解爵士乐不再是黑白的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导表语从句,
且从句中不缺成分,意思完整,故用that。
10.(2016北京,29, )The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is
one can be entirely free from dust.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土
的影响。is后是表语从句,且从句中不缺成分,意思完整,故用that。
that
that
11.(2016上海,Grammar and Vocabulary B, )The most important result for the
user is the product does what is intended.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:对用户来说最重要的结果是产品达到了预期的效
果。设空处引导表语从句,且从句中不缺成分,意思完整,故用that。
12.( )The best moment for the football star was he scored the win-
ning goal.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球
的时刻。由The best moment可知,从句中缺少时间状语,故用when。
13.( )“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my
mother used to tell me.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:“每次你吃糖果的时候,就喝点绿茶。” 这是我妈
妈过去常常告诉我的。分析句子结构可知,is后为表语从句,且tell后缺少直接宾
语,故用what。
what
when
that
14.( )From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one
percent of its surface is covered by water.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约
百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导表语从句,结合句
意可知此处应用because,This is because...表示“这是因为……”。
15.( )A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ships are built for.
解析 考查表语从句。句意:在港口的船是安全的,但是那并不是船被建造的目
的。连接代词what引导表语从句并作介词for的宾语。
what
because