2022届高三英语二轮复习：简单句的基本结构之主谓宾的句型结构讲解课件（48张ppt）

(共48张PPT)
简单句的基本结构之主谓宾
01
02
7大句子成分
主谓宾表定状补
简单句之主谓宾
S+V+O（主+谓+宾）
03
火眼金睛
活学活用
精彩纷呈的7大句子成分
知识元-Lead in
句子中的大家庭成员
句子成分
主语
谓语
表语
宾语
宾语补足语
定语
状语
主语-subject
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。
Shanghai is in the east of China.
主语
主语-subject
New members will receive extra guidance on Saturday mornings from 9：00 am to 11：00 am. (名词短语作主语)
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life.
(动名词短语作主语)
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (从句作主语)
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
4. Smoking does harm to the health.
大哥在哪里？
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
4. Smoking does harm to the health.
名词
代词
不定式短语(to do)
动名词（V-ing)
大哥在哪里？
主语-subject
能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和主语从句等。
主语-subject
　
当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party.
(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句)
谓语-predicate
动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
He practices running every morning.
When he got up at 7：00 am，a big plan occurred to him.
2．复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
In this exhibition，you can see paper cutting with all kinds of patterns.
It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.
谓语-predicate
谓语-predicate
常见的助动词
Children like playing games.
2. They were talking about a new film.
二哥在哪里？
Children like playing games.
2. They were talking about a new film.
二哥在哪里？
宾语是动作的对象或承受者.
1．单宾语
I've already written the application and personal resume.
(名词短语作宾语)
I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.
(不定式作宾语)
宾语-object
2．双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
She ordered herself a new dress.
(herself为间接宾语；a new dress为直接宾语)
宾语-object
3．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)
Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets.
(us为宾语；to pay more attention to our diets 为宾语补足语)
宾语-object
1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.
2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
3. -How many dictionaries do you have
-I have five.
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
三哥在哪里？
1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.
2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
3. -How many dictionaries do you have
-I have five.
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
名词
代词
数词
名词化的形容词
三哥在哪里？
可以用作宾语的有：
名词
代词
数词
不定式
动名词
宾语从句等。
宾语-object
宾语object
5. He pretended not to see me.
6. I enjoy listening to popular music.
7. I think (that) he is fit for his office.
不定式短语(to do)
动名词（V-ing）
从句
1
2
3
4
5
基本句式一：S+ V(主＋谓)
S+ V结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，能表达完整的意思，但可以加副词、介词短语、动词不定式等作状语。
We │will learn│ from 8：00 am to 10：00 am.
In order to keep fit，we │should exercise│ regularly.
基本句式二：S V P(主＋系＋表)
该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词），它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类如下：
1．状态系动词
He │is│ a teacher.
2．持续系动词
This matter │remains│ a mystery.
3．表像系动词
He │seems│ (to be) very sad.
基本句式二：S V P(主＋系＋表)
4．感官系动词
This kind of cloth │feels│ very soft.
5．变化系动词
She │grew│ rich within a short time.
6．终止系动词
His plan │turned out│ a success.
I love you
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
该句型的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟上一个宾语，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。有些不及物动词后加介词构成及物动词短语后可以接宾语，构成主谓宾结构。
He │has refused│ to help them.
He │admitted│ that he was mistaken.
1.You can’t understand the meaning of my words.
2.His mother is taking care of the puppy.
3.I have seen the sea on a calm summer day.
4.I dreamed a horrible dream last night.
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
1.You can’t understand the meaning of my words.
主语
谓语
宾语
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
His mother is taking care of the puppy.
主语
谓语
宾语
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
I have seen the sea on a calm summer day.
主语
谓语
宾语
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
I dreamed a horrible dream last night.
主语
谓语
宾语
基本句式三：S V O(主＋谓＋宾)
活学活用
Class begins at eight every day.
He has read this book many times.
Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.
Task 1 分析句子成分
Class begins at eight every day.
He has read this book many times.
Mrs. Brown looks very healthy.
Task 1 分析句子成分
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 宾
Task 2 判断句子类型
1．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very
difficult.
2．Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
3．The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
4．They arrived here at 10：00 yesterday morning.
5．The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
Task 2 判断句子类型
1．To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very
difficult. （主＋系＋表）
2．Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. (主＋谓＋宾)
3．The days get longer and longer when summer comes. （主＋系＋表）
4．They arrived here at 10：00 yesterday morning. (主＋谓)
5．The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. (主＋谓＋宾)
Task 3 用所学过的简单句型翻译下列句子
1．在这种环境下，师生们正生活快乐，工作努力。
2．在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。
3．最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。
Task 3 用所学过的简单句型翻译下列句子
1．在这种环境下，师生们正生活快乐，工作努力。(S V)
In the environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.
2．在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。(S V P)
In my opinion，a person without friends will never be happy.
3．最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。(S V O)
Finally，we should take part in sports and outdoor activities frequently.
Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth's climate. One of the oceans' most important climate 1.________ (function) is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)，one of the gases that cause global warming.2.________ (cover) 70% of the surface of the globe，oceans store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. The oceans 3.________ (absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact，the oceans are saving us 4.________ faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.5.________ bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 6.________ (hot)．
Task 4 语法填空
Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth's climate. One of the oceans' most important climate 1.________ (function) is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide (CO2)，one of the gases that cause global warming.2._____ (cover) 70% of the surface of the globe，oceans store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. The oceans 3.________ (absorb) huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years. In fact，the oceans are saving us 4._____ faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.5.____ bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come up against a greenhouse-gas warmed earth，the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much 6.______ (hot)．
functions
Covering
have absorbed
from
The
hotter
Another important role 7._______ (play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The ocean's currents carry oxygen，nutrients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe，just 8.______ blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The ocean distributes 25% to 50% of energy 9.________ t he planet receives from the sun. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer than it would 10.________ (normal) be.
Another important role 7._______ (play) by the oceans is that of distributor. The ocean's currents carry oxygen，nutrients (营养物) and heat throughout the globe，just 8.______ blood tubes bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body. The ocean distributes 25% to 50% of energy 9.________ he planet receives from the sun. For example，the Gulf Stream (墨西哥湾流) carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current makes northwestern Europe warmer than it would 10.________ (normal) be.
played
as/like
that/which
normally
I still remember my first trip to Hainan with my parents years ago. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. We also visited the Monkey Island，a impressive attraction. The monkeys of different age there were so cute that I really wanted to touch them. But of course I can't. We were told before seeing the monkeys put everything in our bags and not to reach into our pockets or bags in case the monkeys—thinking we were getting some gifts for them—jumped to us and accidental hurt us. The people there were friendly to us and the food was delicious. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in the world！I am looking forward to visit it once more.
Task 5 短文改错
I still remember my first trip to Hainan with my parents years ago. We swam in Yalong Bay，which there were lots of people enjoying ourselves. We also visited the Monkey Island，a impressive attraction. The monkeys of different age there were so cute that I really wanted to touch them. But of course I can't. We were told before seeing the monkeys put everything in our bags and not to reach into our pockets or bags in case the monkeys—thinking we were getting some gifts for them—jumped to us and accidental hurt us. The people there were friendly to us and the food was delicious. And to believe me，the fresh coconut juice there is the better juice in the world！I am looking forward to visit it once more.
where
themselves
an
ages
couldn’t
∧
to
accidentally
best
visiting