高考英语完形填空方法与技巧讲解及练习（共30张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语完形填空方法与技巧讲解及练习（共30张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 4.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-03 10:04:53 | ||
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文档简介
(共30张PPT)
完型填空
Leading-in
Guess the missing words in the song I'm a New Soul.
Brain storming
I'm a New Soul
I'm a _______ soul I came to this strange world
hoping I could learn a bit about how to give and_________.
But since I came here
felt the joy and the _________
finding myself making every possible ___________
la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...
I'm a ________ soul in this very strange world
hoping I could learn a bit about what is true and ________.
But why all this hate try to communicate
finding trust and love is not always easy to make.
la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...
___
New
______
__
_____
___
_____
new
take
fear
mistake
young
fake
Cloze test
Methods & Skills
命题特点
1．完形填空主要是在语篇语境中考查
知识。
2．完形填空的体裁多以 为主，偶有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。
记叙文
词汇
3．要求选择填空的词常为实词（如名词、动词、形容词 、副词等）着重词义辨析能力的考查；代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括从句的连接词）考得较少。
4.首句不设空。
5.逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词提示）。
6.选项设计：同一词类、同一语法形式。
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
再读全文，反复检查
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 各个击破
完形填空的解题步骤
三种主要解题技巧：
词汇运用
推理判断
紧抓主旨
利用所学词汇，根据文章大意辨析词义，选出最佳选项，如：
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.
A. bring up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on
【思路点拨】 B。此题考查短语动词的区别，这四个短语的基本意义为：bring up"养育，提出，吐出"， refer to"论及，谈到，参考"，look for"寻找"， try on"试穿"，根据题义："经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿"。应选B。
一、词汇运用
二、推理判断
我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息",即语境
2、运用复现词语
3、运用同义词或近义词
4、运用反义词
5、运用上下义词
6、运用逻辑关系
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如：
Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived ____
for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.
A. alone B. next door
C. at home D. abroad
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息"
2、利用复现词语
有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。
All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _2_ . I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied
C. hopeless D. pleased
2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help
在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性的语言来连接上下文。
I remember as a child I said something _______ about somebody, and my father said, "Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you."
A. unkind B. unnecessary
C. unimportant D. unusual
【思路点拨】 A。近义词复现，从后暗示unpleasant得知答案。
3、利用同义词或近义词
语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
Some parts of the water are very shallow(浅的). But in some places it is very ＿＿.
A. high B. deep
C. cold D. dangerous
4、利用反义词
5、利用上下义词
上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体。它们是包含与被包含的关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…
A. feeling B. organs
C. skills D. senses
2. I…dropped all the coins into… "It proved to be a waste of _____," I thought …
A. words B. effort
C. space D. money
如表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, finally等；
如表示并列关系的and, or, besides, as well (as)等；
表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等，
表示改变话题的by the way；
表示递进关系的besides, what's more, further 等，
表示转折关系的however, but, while, on the other hand等 等。
做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
6、利用逻辑关系
【小试闯关】
1. We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England before____home.
A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting
【思路点拨】此题考查行文逻辑中的因果关系、时间先后顺序。从第一句的arrived可知题2选A（leaving）。
2. She was small in figure but strong in __. Through determination, she had learned to read and write.
A. brain B. wish C. will D. health
根据连词确定选项。
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
了解生活常识，确定相关知识
1. It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their____. This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City.
A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices
2. Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ___ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest
C. plant D. nearest
三、紧抓主旨
作者往往通过首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁。在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，把握作者的态度或思想情感，这对做好一篇完形有着非常重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。
Bedtime stories are one of the delights
of early childhood. According to Dr. Julie
Spreadbury from Queensland University,
Parents should not __1___ reading to
their children after they enter primary
school.
A. speed up B. keep up
C. give up D. hold up
解题误区
做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。
1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。
2、时间安排不当，做完形填空的时间应控制在12分钟左右。正确的做法是由易到难。
1. In a cloze, a clue word can be found either before or after a blank.
2. In an article, there are lots of
clue words.
Summary
Task:
Use the methods you have learned to analyse your homework.
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that are designed for the 3 children.
There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification
2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living
3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average
4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative
5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs
Practice makes perfect !
argued
children
classes
intellectual
____
children
_____
____
____
these
However
gifted
同词（同源词）暗示
同一话题暗示
同一话题（场景）暗示
反义暗示
反义暗示
因果暗示
______
___________________________________
_____________________________
However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers' directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
5. A. children B. programs C. graduateD. designs
6. A. intelligent B. competent
C. ordinary D. independent
7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring
8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily
9. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly
_________________
_________
_______
反义暗示
与 gifted 近义暗示
gifted children
_________________________________
因果暗示
反义暗示
因果暗示
Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.
10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired
11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest
12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers
13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested
14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel
15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary
_____________________
this
_________
these
_____________________
___
____
so
_______
近义暗示
同词（同源词）暗示
上下义词暗示
______
近义暗示
同词（同源词）暗示
近义暗示
______
_____
_____
同词（同源词）暗示
同词（同源词）暗示
完型填空
Leading-in
Guess the missing words in the song I'm a New Soul.
Brain storming
I'm a New Soul
I'm a _______ soul I came to this strange world
hoping I could learn a bit about how to give and_________.
But since I came here
felt the joy and the _________
finding myself making every possible ___________
la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...
I'm a ________ soul in this very strange world
hoping I could learn a bit about what is true and ________.
But why all this hate try to communicate
finding trust and love is not always easy to make.
la-la-la-la-la-la-la-la...
___
New
______
__
_____
___
_____
new
take
fear
mistake
young
fake
Cloze test
Methods & Skills
命题特点
1．完形填空主要是在语篇语境中考查
知识。
2．完形填空的体裁多以 为主，偶有议论文、夹叙夹议的文章或说明文。
记叙文
词汇
3．要求选择填空的词常为实词（如名词、动词、形容词 、副词等）着重词义辨析能力的考查；代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括从句的连接词）考得较少。
4.首句不设空。
5.逻辑链上挖空（原文中有线索词提示）。
6.选项设计：同一词类、同一语法形式。
跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意
再读全文，反复检查
结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案
瞻前顾后，先易后难， 各个击破
完形填空的解题步骤
三种主要解题技巧：
词汇运用
推理判断
紧抓主旨
利用所学词汇，根据文章大意辨析词义，选出最佳选项，如：
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.
A. bring up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on
【思路点拨】 B。此题考查短语动词的区别，这四个短语的基本意义为：bring up"养育，提出，吐出"， refer to"论及，谈到，参考"，look for"寻找"， try on"试穿"，根据题义："经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿"。应选B。
一、词汇运用
二、推理判断
我们可以从以下几方面进行推理判断：
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息",即语境
2、运用复现词语
3、运用同义词或近义词
4、运用反义词
5、运用上下义词
6、运用逻辑关系
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如：
Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived ____
for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.
A. alone B. next door
C. at home D. abroad
1、运用"前置信息"与"后置信息"
2、利用复现词语
有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。
All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _2_ . I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied
C. hopeless D. pleased
2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help
在英语中有时为了避免重复，常用意思相同或相近的词或解释性的语言来连接上下文。
I remember as a child I said something _______ about somebody, and my father said, "Any time you say something unpleasant about somebody else, it's a reflection of you."
A. unkind B. unnecessary
C. unimportant D. unusual
【思路点拨】 A。近义词复现，从后暗示unpleasant得知答案。
3、利用同义词或近义词
语意的连贯有时通过对比的结构采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释。应注意分析这类概念复现，从反义的角度判断正确的选项。
Some parts of the water are very shallow(浅的). But in some places it is very ＿＿.
A. high B. deep
C. cold D. dangerous
4、利用反义词
5、利用上下义词
上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体。它们是包含与被包含的关系。如：food是bread, noodle, milk, rice的上义词，反之bread, noodle, milk, rice是food的下义词。
1. He taught her how to rely on her other ____, specifically her hearing…
A. feeling B. organs
C. skills D. senses
2. I…dropped all the coins into… "It proved to be a waste of _____," I thought …
A. words B. effort
C. space D. money
如表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, finally等；
如表示并列关系的and, or, besides, as well (as)等；
表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等，
表示改变话题的by the way；
表示递进关系的besides, what's more, further 等，
表示转折关系的however, but, while, on the other hand等 等。
做题时如果能充分利用这些过渡词汇，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
6、利用逻辑关系
【小试闯关】
1. We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold the one we had in England before____home.
A. leaving B. making C. returning D. getting
【思路点拨】此题考查行文逻辑中的因果关系、时间先后顺序。从第一句的arrived可知题2选A（leaving）。
2. She was small in figure but strong in __. Through determination, she had learned to read and write.
A. brain B. wish C. will D. health
根据连词确定选项。
7、运用生活常识及文化背景知识
了解生活常识，确定相关知识
1. It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their____. This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City.
A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices
2. Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the ___ hospital.
A. animal B. biggest
C. plant D. nearest
三、紧抓主旨
作者往往通过首句或首段揭示文章的主旨大意，体现文章的题材、体裁。在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，把握作者的态度或思想情感，这对做好一篇完形有着非常重要的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。
Bedtime stories are one of the delights
of early childhood. According to Dr. Julie
Spreadbury from Queensland University,
Parents should not __1___ reading to
their children after they enter primary
school.
A. speed up B. keep up
C. give up D. hold up
解题误区
做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。
1、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。
2、时间安排不当，做完形填空的时间应控制在12分钟左右。正确的做法是由易到难。
1. In a cloze, a clue word can be found either before or after a blank.
2. In an article, there are lots of
clue words.
Summary
Task:
Use the methods you have learned to analyse your homework.
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that are designed for the 3 children.
There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.
However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification
2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living
3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average
4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative
5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs
Practice makes perfect !
argued
children
classes
intellectual
____
children
_____
____
____
these
However
gifted
同词（同源词）暗示
同一话题暗示
同一话题（场景）暗示
反义暗示
反义暗示
因果暗示
______
___________________________________
_____________________________
However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers' directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
5. A. children B. programs C. graduateD. designs
6. A. intelligent B. competent
C. ordinary D. independent
7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring
8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily
9. A. directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly
_________________
_________
_______
反义暗示
与 gifted 近义暗示
gifted children
_________________________________
因果暗示
反义暗示
因果暗示
Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.
10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired
11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest
12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers
13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested
14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel
15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary
_____________________
this
_________
these
_____________________
___
____
so
_______
近义暗示
同词（同源词）暗示
上下义词暗示
______
近义暗示
同词（同源词）暗示
近义暗示
______
_____
_____
同词（同源词）暗示
同词（同源词）暗示