中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
姓名： 班级
Unit 6 Earth first
6.1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、基础巩固
I．单词拼写
He ________(潜水) from the bridge and saved the child.
I would like to set a new ________(目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.
I was late for getting to the station. But ________(幸运地) for me, the train was late, too.
Tom has a good ________(态度) towards his schoolwork and always finishes his homework on time.
The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from ________(灭绝)．
I was ________(惊恐的) at the thought of making a speech.
________（损害）caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
Soon the ________ （收养）child became very fond of her adoptive parents.
The school has e________(确立)a successful relationship with the local community.
I don’t think we should ________(奉献)any more time to persuading such a stubborn man to change his mind.
dived 2,target 3.fortunately 4.attitude 5.extinction
6.scared 7.Damage 8.adopted 9.established 10.devote
II.单句语法填空
1．We contributed a lot of money______the earthquake fund last year.
2．John was studying in his room _______ he heard someone screaming.
3．We were all scared_____ death when we found the ground was shaking.
4．______average，American firms remain the most productive in the world.
5．The girl ______(refer) to in his speech was an excellent soccer player.
6．The advertisement _______(target) at the old and it is a great success.
7．One must take the route _____ account when travelling in a remote place.
8．I persuaded the shopkeeper to reduce the price of the dress______ 300 yuan.
9．Large amounts of money _______(spend) on the bridge beyond the budget last year.
10．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to ________(play) computer games.
1. to 2 when 3 to 4 On 5 referred 6 is targeted 7 into 8 to 9 were spent 10 playing
III. 词组填空（可变换形式）
due to; come across; by mistake; attitude to/towards; dive into; cut off; be scared to death; protect...from....; the other way round;have an effect on;
It was reported that all the flights were delayed ________ the terrible weather.
The gas had been ________. As a result, we had to eat out.
The agreements _______ both the buyers and the sellers.
He tried to escape by ________a river.
What's her ________ going for a picnic on Sunday
Rock climbing was a fun thing but I ________ from the start.
I've never ________ such an experience in my time.
Countries may be corrupt because they are poor, and not________ .
Today，as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to _____them _____ extinction.
After a long and tiring flight, Mr Rick was frustrated at the news that his luggage had been sent to Hong Kong _______.
1.due to 2.cut off 3.have an effect on 4.diving into 5.attitude to/towards
6.was scared to death 7.come across 8.the other way round 9.protect from 10.by mistake
IV. 课文语法填空
The film Jaws tells us a story of a white shark __1__ attacks and kills swimmers.It was __2__ great success, __3__ (attract) huge audience. People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things __4__ (bad). Many people started to believe that sharks were bad animals.Some people stopped swimming in the sea, and others started fishing for sharks.Nobody cared __5__ sharks were killed or how many were killed. People just wanted them __6__ (kill). __7__ number of large sharks fell quickly.This was not only due to fear of sharks, __8__ also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks __9__ (catch)and their fins cut off.
Peter Benchley thinks sharks attack people __10__ mistake. We should protect them from extinction.
1．that/which 2.a 3.attracting 4.worse 5.if/whether
6．killed 7.The 8.but 9.are caught 10.by
V. 翻译完成句子
1．众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.
2．因为暴雨电力供应被中断了。
The electricity supply was cut_off because of the rain storm.
3．毫无疑问，空气污染对我们的健康有不良影响。
There is no doubt that air pollution has a bad effect on our health.
4．我们应该有更加灵活多变的生活态度。
We should have a more flexible attitude to/towards life.
5．他最终安然无恙地回了家。
He went home at last, safe_and_sound.
二、拓展提升
I.阅读理解
A
Located in northern Manitoba on the west side of Hudson Bay, Churchill is out in the middle of nowhere. But polar bears like it that way. They spend summers on the tundra (苔原) around Churchill. In the fall, they wait anxiously along the shore of Hudson Bay for the ice to form. Then they go out onto the frozen sea to hunt ringed seals, their favorite food. October and November are the best polar bear viewing times. From tundra vehicles, visitors to Churchill observe the bears. Some enjoy day trips or stay overnight on large tundra vehicles that have private cabins and eating facilities. Others stay at a wilderness lodge on the bears' migration route to view the vigorous creatures. These lodges can be reached only by air and feature luxury food and living arrangements.
Despite the large number of polar bears that visit Churchill each year, there is growing concern about the animals' future. Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals. Polar bears can also find smaller animals, bird eggs and berries on land, but this kind of food is not sufficient to support the animals.
Polar bears are also affected by plastic and chemicals that get into the ocean. A research project carried out in northern Europe has found high concentrations of both plastic and chemicals in the tissue of polar bears. These materials and substances can damage the animals' internal organs, especially when the animals are not yet mature. Many people are researching polar bear health. Their goal is to gather the information that is needed to help save these animals.
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了北极熊的生存环境，全球变暖对北极熊捕食的影响以及人类排入海洋的塑料和化学制品危及到了他们的生存。
1．What does this article imply about Churchill
A．It's located in a very remote area.
B．It's attracting fewer tourists now.
C．It's surrounded by smaller towns.
D．It's dependent on the oil industry.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由第一段Churchill is out in the middle of nowhere.可知，Churchill在一个位置很偏远的地方。故A选项正确。
2．What does this article explain about polar bears
A．The ways in which they threaten people.
B．The most important elements of their diets.
C．The mating behavior that they exhibit.
D．The time of year when they give birth.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由第一段 Then they go out onto the frozen sea to hunt ringed seals, their favorite food.(然后他们走到冰冻的海面去猎取环斑海豹，这是它们最喜欢的食物。)以及第二段Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals.(地球正在变暖，冰形成得晚，但在春天融化得快。因此，北极熊捕食海豹的时间更少了。)可知，文章解释了北极熊饮食中最重要的元素。故B选项正确。
3．How is the polar bears' seal winter hunting season changing
A．It's starting earlier.
B．It's becoming colder.
C．It's finishing later.
D．It's getting shorter.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第二段Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals.可知，因为地球正在变暖，冰形成得晚，但在春天融化得快，因此北极熊捕食海豹的时间更少了。故D选项正确。
4．What can we learn about polar bears from this article
A．How they avoid traffic accidents.
B．How they learn good habits from one another.
C．How they're endangered by pollution.
D．How they find a hiding place during bad weather.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段可知，人类排入海洋的塑料和化学制品危及到了他们的生存 。故C选项正确。
B
People asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions.
Many people view climate change as a distant threat. But having them imagine the tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage pro environmental behavior, a new study suggests.
Researchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies (异常)，floods and other climate change related events that have affected the island. The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives. Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail. The remaining 31 students did not complete either the writing or imagining steps, acting as a control group.
All the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as “How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world？” They used a scale from 1 (“very unlikely”) to 7 (“very likely”). The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not. The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participants.
Participants in the first experiment who had imagined the effects of climate change were more likely to say they would use air conditioning in an energy saving manner. In the second experiment, nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing (想象) group signed up to help clean a beach, compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one. And when offered a choice of a vegetarian (素食主义的)or nonvegetarian lunch box, nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choice—compared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizers.
The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day to day lives—something further studies should examine, says study co author Wen Bin Chiou. Moreover, the research “should be done again in other places with other populations，” says Robert Gifford, a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the work.
The findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on people's lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts. Having virtual reality demonstrations (展示)in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.
这是一篇说明文。作者在文中向我们描述了一项新的研究：如果让人们想象干旱或洪水的后果可能有助于他们改变“气候变化是一个遥远的威胁”这个观念，并鼓励有利于环境的行为。
5．Which of the following statements about the study is true
A．Only one experiment was carried out for the study.
B．Professor Robert Gifford played a key role in the study.
C．The control group only completed the writing step in the experiment.
D．Participants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who weren't.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第四段“The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not”可知，被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分高于未被要求设想详细情景的受试者的平均得分。故D选项正确。
6．Future studies will probably be about whether ________.
A．it is true of other populations in other places
B．more money will be donated to the people affected by climate change related events
C．people choose vegetarian lunch boxes in their daily lives
D．climate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“The findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on people's lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts.”可知，这些发现可以用来引起公众对气候变化的关注。例如，他建议关于这一现象的新闻报道可以包括其对人们生活影响的生动描述，并要求读者想象经历这样的影响。所以判断出未来的研究可能是关于气候变化是否将使人们考虑加入一个控制组。故选D。
7．To put the research into practice, Wen Bin Chiou suggests that ________.
A．the government call on people to live a low carbon life
B．people use air conditioning in an energy saving manner
C．people experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilities
D．news reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples lives
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“Having virtual reality demonstrations (展示)in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.”可知，Chiou 补充说，在当地的科学博物馆里进行虚拟现实演示，展示气候变化的后果，是将这项研究付诸实践的另一种方式。故C选项正确。
8．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．different people may have different reactions to climate change
B．different forms of climate change may affect people's ideas in different ways
C．people may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate change
D．college students show great concern for the people affected by climate change
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。由短文第二段“But having them imagine the tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage pro environmental behavior, a new study suggests.”可知，但一项新的研究表明，让他们想象由此产生的干旱或洪水的后果可能有助于改变“气候变化是一个遥远的威胁”这一观念，并鼓励有利于环境的行为。并结合下文可知短文主要告诉我们，人们在考虑到气候变化的生动的影响后，可能会改变他们的行为。故C选项正确。
C
Jet airplanes are one of the largest causes of human pollution. About 3% of the world's carbon emissions（碳排放）are believed to come from airline travel. That number is likely to go up-the number of people traveling by plane has been growing for years, and is expected to keep increasing.
To help fight climate change, Dutch airline KLM has started a program asking people to "Fly Responsibly". The company is asking its customers to think about their choices before they buy a plane ticket. In a video, the airline suggests that travelers ask themselves questions, such as whether they could lake a train instead.
However, some people have suggested that instead of asking the public to think carefully about their actions, KLM，and other airlines, need to be considering solutions that lie with the industry itself . "Voluntary（主动的）actions by customers are not enough；the cost of flying must increase." said Justin Francis, founder of Responsible Travel.
Anna Hughes, who runs Flight Free UK， Sees much of the "greening" in aviation（航空）as problematic. She said, "The simple fact is that climate change, worsened by our use of fossil fuels（化石燃料），will make it difficult for our children to live on this planet. While we welcome action, to make aviation friendlier to the environment, airlines must be honest about their influence on climate change."
But the International Air Transport Association（IATA）is backing the KLM program. Rafael Schwartzman, IATA's vice-president for Europe, said, "We support it in the sense that you do have a choice. In certain cases you could have another choice. " But, he added, "the UK is an island. If you want to trade internationally, you will have to count on aviation."
What does KLM suggest travelers do？ ______
A. Spend less on traveling. B. Think twice before they fly.
C. Act responsibly on a plane. D. Travel by train whenever possible.
What's Francis's solution for greening aviation？ ______
A. To turn to cleaner fuels. B. To raise the price of tickets.
C. To encourage customers to volunteer. D. To tell the public how to cut air pollution.
What's the IATA's attitude towards "Fly Responsibly"？ ______
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Unclear.
What's the main purpose of this text？ ______
A. To introduce a Dutch airline. B. To list the harms of airline travel.
C. To discuss a program of an airline. D. To call on people to fight climate change.
BBAC
【解析】
1.细节理解题。根据第二段The company is asking its customers to think about their choices before they buy a plane ticket.（该公司要求其客户在购买机票之前考虑他们的选择）可知，KLM建议游客在飞行前多多考虑；
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Voluntary （主动的）actions by customers are not enough；the cost of flying must increase.（只有顾客自愿的行动是不够的；飞行的费用必须增加）可知，弗朗西斯的绿色航空解决方案是增加机票的价格；
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段We support it in the sense that you do have a choice. （我们支持它是因为你有选择的权利）可知，国际航空运输协会对"负责任飞行"的态度是支持的，A. Supportive支持的；B. Doubtful怀疑的；C. Uninterested不感兴趣的；D. Unclear不清楚的；
4.写作目的题。根据第一段Jet airplanes are one of the largest causes of human pollution. About 3% of the world's carbon emissions（碳排放）are believed to come from airline travel. That number is likely to go up-the number of people traveling by plane has been growing for years, and is expected to keep increasing.（喷气式飞机是造成人类污染的最大原因之一。据信，全球约3%的碳排放来自航空旅行。这一数字可能会上升，因为乘飞机旅行的人数多年来一直在增长，预计还会继续增加）可知，本文对荷兰航空公司KLM启动的要求人们"负责任地飞行"的项目进行了讨论，即讨了论一家航空公司的项目。这是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章对荷兰航空公司KLM启动的要求人们"负责任地飞行"的项目进行了讨论。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
II.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle deep in plastic waste—a total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage. __1__.
“We're being overwhelmed(淹没)by our waste，”said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this astonishing number. __2__， unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.
Plastic—a widely used material—has in many ways been a benefit to humans but it has also caused a growing problem. Today, plastics are the No.1 type of garbage found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual coastal cleanup event worldwide, said plastic waste makes up around 85 percent of the garbage collected from beaches and oceans.
Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to threaten(威胁)at least 600 different wildlife species(物种). __3__； a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. A research suggests some plastics could be poisonous to humans, and could potentially increase the risk of health problems.
__4__. At the Economist World Ocean Summit this week, ten nations announced to reduce plastic sea litter as part of UN Environment's CleanSeas campaign. __5__. Corporations also have a role, as do individuals. We can start by thinking twice before using single use plastic products—and when we do use them, we should take care to properly throw them off or recycle.
A．The following is what we should do
B．And it's not just wildlife that's threatened
C．And this figure is likely to double by 2025
D．But it's not just countries that need to do their part
E．By 2050，that figure is expected to rise to 1,000 pieces
F．That's how much plastic waste ends up in our oceans every year
G．All of us have an important role to play in dealing with the problems
本文属于议论文，介绍塑料垃圾问题越发严重，不但威胁野生动物，还影响人类自己，需要全世界通力合作。
1．F 解析：根据前一句Now imagine it covered ankle deep in plastic waste—a total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage.(想象一下它被深及脚踝的190亿磅塑料垃圾覆盖)可知，F选项“这就是每年流到海洋里面塑料垃圾的重量”与前文切题，故选F。
2．C 解析：根据后一句unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.(除非采取一些措施来减少垃圾)可知，C选项“预计到2025年，这个数字可能翻倍”与后文形成条件关系，切题，故选C。
3．B 解析：根据后一句a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat.可知，越来越多的证据显示人类通过食用海产品也吸收了塑料。故B选项“不仅动物受到威胁”与下文形成递进关系，切题，故选B。
4．G 解析：根据本段后文ten nations 以及Corporations 可知，这个问题需要全世界共同合作，G选项“所有人在处理这个问题上都能够起作用”切题，故选G。
5．D 解析：根据下一句Corporations also have a role, as do individuals.可知，企业和个人也有作用，D选项“不仅仅是国家可以采取措施”切题，故选D。
III.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Polar bears are suffering in a __1__ (warm) world than ever before. Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals. During much of the year, they live and hunt on the __2__ (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that __3__ (threat) the only home they know. The scientists have drawn a __4__ (conclude) that the polar bears' world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced __5__ 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their __6__ (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over.” As Andrew Derocher, a scientist who studies North American polar bear populations puts __7__， “Only __8__ polar ice melts quite slowly can they survive on the earth.” Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time __9__ (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, when the bears are not __10__ (active) hunting.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致北极的冰加速融化，使北极熊的生存条件受到极大的威胁，科学家说只有北极的冰融化得相当缓慢，北极熊才能在地球上生存。
1．warmer
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：北极熊正在经受一个比以往任何时候都温暖的世界。根据than判断此处应该使用形容词比较级，故填warmer。
2．frozen
解析：考查形容词。句意：在一年的大部分时间里，它们在冰冻的北冰洋冰面上生活和捕猎。修饰名词Arctic sea ice应用形容词frozen“冰封的”。
3．is_threatening/threatens
解析：考查时态。句意：大自然已经为它们准备好面对寒冷的环境，但是当危险威胁到它们唯一的家园时，没有什么能够让它们做好准备。此处为谓语，应该用threat的动词形式threaten，讲述的是客观事实，而且还可能持续下去，所以用一般现在时或现在进行时，定语从句的先行词为the danger，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数，故填is threatening/threatens。
4．conclusion
解析：考查名词。句意：科学家们得出结论——北极熊的世界正在融化。本空作动词drawn 的宾语，故应用名词conclusion“结论”，draw a conclusion意为“得出结论”。
5．by
解析：考查介词。句意：研究表明，自1978年以来，北极冰层每十年减少9.8%。表示增加或减少的幅度应用介词by。
6．survival
解析：考查名词。句意：北极熊依靠海冰生存。本空作介词for的宾语，故应用名词survival“生存”。
7．forward
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：正如研究北美北极熊种群的科学家Andrew Derocher 提出的，只有北极的冰融化得相当缓慢，北极熊才能在地球上生存。put forward意为“提出”，故本空应填forward。
8．if
解析：考查状语从句。根据句意可知，only if条件句位于句首时，主句谓语用部分倒装，only if意为“只有”。
9．to_hunt
解析：考查不定式。句意：一些北极冰融化和再结冻是正常的，但在一个温暖的世界里，这种循环会加快，北极熊的捕猎时间也会减少。本空修饰抽象名词time，故应用不定式作定语。
10．actively
解析：考查副词。句意：多余的脂肪会在以后北极熊不积极捕猎的时候使用。本空修饰动词hunting，故应用副词actively“积极地”。
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Unit 6 Earth first
6.1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
一、基础巩固
I．单词拼写
He ________(潜水) from the bridge and saved the child.
I would like to set a new ________(目标) for my studies after I enter my ideal college.
I was late for getting to the station. But ________(幸运地) for me, the train was late, too.
Tom has a good ________(态度) towards his schoolwork and always finishes his homework on time.
The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from ________(灭绝)．
I was ________(惊恐的) at the thought of making a speech.
________（损害）caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
Soon the ________ （收养）child became very fond of her adoptive parents.
The school has e________(确立)a successful relationship with the local community.
I don’t think we should ________(奉献)any more time to persuading such a stubborn man to change his mind.
II.单句语法填空
1．We contributed a lot of money______the earthquake fund last year.
2．John was studying in his room _______ he heard someone screaming.
3．We were all scared_____ death when we found the ground was shaking.
4．______average，American firms remain the most productive in the world.
5．The girl ______(refer) to in his speech was an excellent soccer player.
6．The advertisement _______(target) at the old and it is a great success.
7．One must take the route _____ account when travelling in a remote place.
8．I persuaded the shopkeeper to reduce the price of the dress______ 300 yuan.
9．Large amounts of money _______(spend) on the bridge beyond the budget last year.
10．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to ________(play) computer games.
III. 词组填空（可变换形式）
due to; come across; by mistake; attitude to/towards; dive into; cut off; be scared to death; protect...from....; the other way round;have an effect on;
It was reported that all the flights were delayed ________ the terrible weather.
The gas had been ________. As a result, we had to eat out.
The agreements _______ both the buyers and the sellers.
He tried to escape by ________a river.
What's her ________ going for a picnic on Sunday
Rock climbing was a fun thing but I ________ from the start.
I've never ________ such an experience in my time.
Countries may be corrupt because they are poor, and not________ .
Today，as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to _____them _____ extinction.
After a long and tiring flight, Mr Rick was frustrated at the news that his luggage had been sent to Hong Kong _______.
IV. 课文语法填空
The film Jaws tells us a story of a white shark __1__ attacks and kills swimmers.It was __2__ great success, __3__ (attract) huge audience. People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things __4__ (bad). Many people started to believe that sharks were bad animals.Some people stopped swimming in the sea, and others started fishing for sharks.Nobody cared __5__ sharks were killed or how many were killed. People just wanted them __6__ (kill). __7__ number of large sharks fell quickly.This was not only due to fear of sharks, __8__ also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks __9__ (catch)and their fins cut off.
Peter Benchley thinks sharks attack people __10__ mistake. We should protect them from extinction.
V. 翻译完成句子
1．众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。
It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe_____________ .
2．因为暴雨电力供应被中断了。
The electricity supply was __________ because of the rain storm.
3．毫无疑问，空气污染对我们的健康有不良影响。
There is no doubt that air pollution __________ our health.
4．我们应该有更加灵活多变的生活态度。
We should have a more flexible __________ life.
5．他最终安然无恙地回了家。
He went home at last, __________.
二、拓展提升
I.阅读理解
A
Located in northern Manitoba on the west side of Hudson Bay, Churchill is out in the middle of nowhere. But polar bears like it that way. They spend summers on the tundra (苔原) around Churchill. In the fall, they wait anxiously along the shore of Hudson Bay for the ice to form. Then they go out onto the frozen sea to hunt ringed seals, their favorite food. October and November are the best polar bear viewing times. From tundra vehicles, visitors to Churchill observe the bears. Some enjoy day trips or stay overnight on large tundra vehicles that have private cabins and eating facilities. Others stay at a wilderness lodge on the bears' migration route to view the vigorous creatures. These lodges can be reached only by air and feature luxury food and living arrangements.
Despite the large number of polar bears that visit Churchill each year, there is growing concern about the animals' future. Because the earth is getting warmer, the ice forms later in the year now and disappears sooner in the spring. As a result, polar bears have less time to hunt for seals. Polar bears can also find smaller animals, bird eggs and berries on land, but this kind of food is not sufficient to support the animals.
Polar bears are also affected by plastic and chemicals that get into the ocean. A research project carried out in northern Europe has found high concentrations of both plastic and chemicals in the tissue of polar bears. These materials and substances can damage the animals' internal organs, especially when the animals are not yet mature. Many people are researching polar bear health. Their goal is to gather the information that is needed to help save these animals.
1．What does this article imply about Churchill
A．It's located in a very remote area.
B．It's attracting fewer tourists now.
C．It's surrounded by smaller towns.
D．It's dependent on the oil industry.
2．What does this article explain about polar bears
A．The ways in which they threaten people.
B．The most important elements of their diets.
C．The mating behavior that they exhibit.
D．The time of year when they give birth.
3．How is the polar bears' seal winter hunting season changing
A．It's starting earlier.
B．It's becoming colder.
C．It's finishing later.
D．It's getting shorter.
4．What can we learn about polar bears from this article
A．How they avoid traffic accidents.
B．How they learn good habits from one another.
C．How they're endangered by pollution.
D．How they find a hiding place during bad weather.
B
People asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions.
Many people view climate change as a distant threat. But having them imagine the tangible (有形的) consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage pro environmental behavior, a new study suggests.
Researchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies (异常)，floods and other climate change related events that have affected the island. The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives. Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail. The remaining 31 students did not complete either the writing or imagining steps, acting as a control group.
All the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as “How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world？” They used a scale from 1 (“very unlikely”) to 7 (“very likely”). The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not. The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participants.
Participants in the first experiment who had imagined the effects of climate change were more likely to say they would use air conditioning in an energy saving manner. In the second experiment, nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing (想象) group signed up to help clean a beach, compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one. And when offered a choice of a vegetarian (素食主义的)or nonvegetarian lunch box, nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choice—compared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizers.
The researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day to day lives—something further studies should examine, says study co author Wen Bin Chiou. Moreover, the research “should be done again in other places with other populations，” says Robert Gifford, a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, who was not involved in the work.
The findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change, Chiou says. For example, he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on people's lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts. Having virtual reality demonstrations (展示)in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice, Chiou adds.
5．Which of the following statements about the study is true
A．Only one experiment was carried out for the study.
B．Professor Robert Gifford played a key role in the study.
C．The control group only completed the writing step in the experiment.
D．Participants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who weren't.
6．Future studies will probably be about whether ________.
A．it is true of other populations in other places
B．more money will be donated to the people affected by climate change related events
C．people choose vegetarian lunch boxes in their daily lives
D．climate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group
7．To put the research into practice, Wen Bin Chiou suggests that ________.
A．the government call on people to live a low carbon life
B．people use air conditioning in an energy saving manner
C．people experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilities
D．news reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples lives
8．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．different people may have different reactions to climate change
B．different forms of climate change may affect people's ideas in different ways
C．people may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate change
D．college students show great concern for the people affected by climate change
C
Jet airplanes are one of the largest causes of human pollution. About 3% of the world's carbon emissions（碳排放）are believed to come from airline travel. That number is likely to go up-the number of people traveling by plane has been growing for years, and is expected to keep increasing.
To help fight climate change, Dutch airline KLM has started a program asking people to "Fly Responsibly". The company is asking its customers to think about their choices before they buy a plane ticket. In a video, the airline suggests that travelers ask themselves questions, such as whether they could lake a train instead.
However, some people have suggested that instead of asking the public to think carefully about their actions, KLM，and other airlines, need to be considering solutions that lie with the industry itself . "Voluntary（主动的）actions by customers are not enough；the cost of flying must increase." said Justin Francis, founder of Responsible Travel.
Anna Hughes, who runs Flight Free UK， Sees much of the "greening" in aviation（航空）as problematic. She said, "The simple fact is that climate change, worsened by our use of fossil fuels（化石燃料），will make it difficult for our children to live on this planet. While we welcome action, to make aviation friendlier to the environment, airlines must be honest about their influence on climate change."
But the International Air Transport Association（IATA）is backing the KLM program. Rafael Schwartzman, IATA's vice-president for Europe, said, "We support it in the sense that you do have a choice. In certain cases you could have another choice. " But, he added, "the UK is an island. If you want to trade internationally, you will have to count on aviation."
What does KLM suggest travelers do？ ______
A. Spend less on traveling. B. Think twice before they fly.
C. Act responsibly on a plane. D. Travel by train whenever possible.
What's Francis's solution for greening aviation？ ______
A. To turn to cleaner fuels. B. To raise the price of tickets.
C. To encourage customers to volunteer. D. To tell the public how to cut air pollution.
What's the IATA's attitude towards "Fly Responsibly"？ ______
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Unclear.
What's the main purpose of this text？ ______
A. To introduce a Dutch airline. B. To list the harms of airline travel.
C. To discuss a program of an airline. D. To call on people to fight climate change.
II.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it covered ankle deep in plastic waste—a total of about 19 billion pounds of garbage. __1__.
“We're being overwhelmed(淹没)by our waste，”said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this astonishing number. __2__， unless something is done to stop the tide of garbage.
Plastic—a widely used material—has in many ways been a benefit to humans but it has also caused a growing problem. Today, plastics are the No.1 type of garbage found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual coastal cleanup event worldwide, said plastic waste makes up around 85 percent of the garbage collected from beaches and oceans.
Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to threaten(威胁)at least 600 different wildlife species(物种). __3__； a growing body of evidence suggests humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. A research suggests some plastics could be poisonous to humans, and could potentially increase the risk of health problems.
__4__. At the Economist World Ocean Summit this week, ten nations announced to reduce plastic sea litter as part of UN Environment's CleanSeas campaign. __5__. Corporations also have a role, as do individuals. We can start by thinking twice before using single use plastic products—and when we do use them, we should take care to properly throw them off or recycle.
A．The following is what we should do
B．And it's not just wildlife that's threatened
C．And this figure is likely to double by 2025
D．But it's not just countries that need to do their part
E．By 2050，that figure is expected to rise to 1,000 pieces
F．That's how much plastic waste ends up in our oceans every year
G．All of us have an important role to play in dealing with the problems
III.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Polar bears are suffering in a __1__ (warm) world than ever before. Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals. During much of the year, they live and hunt on the __2__ (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that __3__ (threat) the only home they know. The scientists have drawn a __4__ (conclude) that the polar bears' world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced __5__ 9.8% every 10 years since 1978.Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their __6__ (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over.” As Andrew Derocher, a scientist who studies North American polar bear populations puts __7__， “Only __8__ polar ice melts quite slowly can they survive on the earth.” Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time __9__ (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, when the bears are not __10__ (active) hunting.
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