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薄冰通用英语语法·连词
Unit 16
连词
Conjunction
16—1
话说连词
连词是连接词、短语、从句或句子的词,是虚词,它在句子中一般不重读,也不
能在句子中单独作成分
根据不同的分类标准,连词根据其构成形式可分为:
简单连词一由单个词充当的连词,如and,f,or等。
短语连词一由一个短语来充当的连词,如asf,as well as,in order that,
as soon as等。
关联连词一由两个或两个以上互相关连的词构成的连词,关联连词一般都
成对出现,如not only.but also..,both..and.,either.or.等。
分词连词一由动词的分词形式转变而来的连词,如assuming,provided,
supposing,given等。
根据本身的含义及其所连接的成分的性质,连词可以分为:
等立连词一用来连接彼此是并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子的词,如
and,or,but,for,because,therefore,not only...but also...,neither...nor...
从属连词一用来引导分句(名词性从句和状语从句)的连词。从属连词又可
分为引导名词性从句(即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)的从属连词和引导状语
从句的从属连词。前者如that,whether等,后者如when,although,because等。
→16—2
连词的用法
1等立连词的用法
等立连词主要起连接作用,用于连接并列成分,可表示并列、顺序、增添、结
果、目的、转折、重复、选择、对比、因果等不同意义。如:
They came into the office and began to discuss how to solve the prob-
lem.他们走进办公室,开始讨论如何解决那个问题。(and表示顺序)
Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。(and表示并列)
Believe it or not,I not only heard it,but also saw it.信不信由你,我不仅
听到了,而且看到了。(not only.but als0表示添加)
The car is very old but in good condition.这辆车旧了,但性能还不错。
(but表示转折)
John must be tired or angry.约翰不是累了,就是恼了。(or表示选择)
Ming is fond of playing baseball while I am fond of playing badminton.
明喜欢玩棒球,而我喜欢打羽毛球。(while表示对比)
Vould you go and fetch some water' 你去打些水来好吗?(and表示目的)
The baby didn't feel very well and kept crying.这个娶儿感觉不舒服,哭
个不停。(and表示重复)
It began to rain,so the sports meet was cancelled,天开始下雨了,所以
运动会被取消了。($0表示结果)
She has to stay up tonight,.for there is a lot of homework to do.她今晚
不得不熬夜,因为有许多作业要做。(fo”表示原因)
2从属连词的用法
①引导从句。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从
句)和状语从句(时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原
因状语从句、比较状语从句、程度状语从句、结果状语从句和目的状语从句)。如:
It is obvious that Hank needs to ask a psychiatrist for help.汉克需要求
助于一名心理医生。(that引导主语从句)
Alan insisted that they should have a face-to-face talk.艾伦坚持他们要
面对面谈谈。(that引导宾语从句)
The reason was that Brenda has a strong personality,原因是布伦达个性
太强。(that引导表语从句)
The news that Benson was awarded Nobel Prize excited him.本森被授
予诺贝尔奖的消息使他很兴奋。(that引导同位语从句)
Sit wherever you like.想坐哪儿就坐哪儿吧。(wherever引导地点状语从句)
If you are not satisfied with his performance,just tell him.如果你对他的
表现不满意就告诉他。(f引导条件状语从句)
I shall correct my mistake as soon as I realize it..我一认识到错误就要改
正。(as soon as引导时间状语从句)
②引导不定式。如:
I decide to send a short message rather than(to)telephone.我决定发短
信而不是打电话。(rather than引导不定式,to可省略)
③引导-ing结构。如:
After fulfilling the task,he went for trip.完成任务之后,他做了短途旅行。
④引导-ed结构。如:
Unless told otherwise,come here at8 tomorrow.如不另外通知,就明天8