Unit 21
状语从句
Adverbial Clause
21一1
话说状语从句
状语从句是指在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,用来修饰
主句中的动词、形容词或副词。如果位于句首,其后常加逗号;放在句末时,其前通
常不加逗号。如:
The sun was out again when I rode up to the farm.当我骑马到达农场时,
太阳又落山了。(从属连词when引导)
He distrusted me because I was new.他不信任我,因为我是新来的。(从
属连词because引导)
I met him as I was coming home.在回家的时候我遇见了他。(从属连词as
引导)
He orders me about as if I were his wife.他指使我干这干那,好像我是他
妻子似的。(从属连词asif引导)
When it rains,I usually go to the office by bus.逄雨天,我通常乘公共汽
车上班。(从句置于句首)
Stay where you are!就地停着!(从句置于句末)
→21—2
状语从句的种类
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从
句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和
程度状语从句等9种。
1时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的关联词有:when(当…时),as(当…时,一边…
一边…),while(当…时,在…期间),before(在…以前),after(在…之
后),since(自从),ti圳l(直到),until(直到),once(一旦),whenever(任何时候),
every/each time(每当),as soon as(一…就…),the moment(一…
就…),directly(一…就…),immediately(一…就…),hardly/
scarcely...when(一…就…)和no sooner..than(一…就…)等。如:
General Englis GrammarAdverbiaClause
349
350
薄冰通用英语语法·状语从句
While she sang,she danced.她一边唱歌,一边跳舞.
When the telephone rang,I was taking a bath.电话响时我正在洗澡。
I didn't leave till she came back.直到她回来了我才离开。
We've never met since we graduated from the college.自从大学毕业后
我们就再没见过面。
Every time Vera came,she brought us a lot of candies.薇拉每次来都会
带来许多糖果。
品品品[注]
when,while,as虽都有“当…时”的含义,但是有区别的:
①while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,不可用瞬间动词;when表时间,从句既可以用延续性
动词,又可以用瞬间动词:as表时间,与when相似,但侧重强调主、从句动作在点或段时间进
行。如:
Why do you want a new job when you've got such a good one already 你已经找到如
此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?(gt为短暂性动词)
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态。)
She dropped the glass as she stood up.她站起来的时候掉了眼镜,(stand up为非延续
性动词。)
②如果when从句的主语与主句的主语相同,谓语又是be动词,从句主语和be可以省略;当
when从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,用when加分词可以替代状语从句。如:
When(you are)in trouble,ask her for help.当你遇到麻烦时,找她帮忙。
When(Iwas)sleeping,I never heard a thing.我睡若的时候,什么也听不到
③when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while和as从句的谓语
动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。如:
When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest..当他完成作业后,他休息了
会儿。(finished his homework先发生)
When I got to the airport,.the guests had left..当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。
got to the airport后发生)
I can learn while I work.我可以边工作边学习。(动作同时发生)
As he was eating his breakfst,he heard the door bell ring.当他正用早餐时,听到门铃
响了。(动作同时发生)
④从句动作和主句动作同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as都可以
使用。如:
When/While/As we were dancing,a stranger came in.当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走
了进来。
When/Vhile/As she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.当她在打电话
时,我正在写信。
⑤当主句、从句动作同时进行,从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或
条件时,只能用as,这时,as常表示“随着…”;“一边…,一边…"之意。如:
The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases..随着高度的增加,大
气越来越稀薄
The little girls sang as they went..小姑娘们一边走,一边唱
2地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的关联词有:where(在…地方),wherever(无论哪里,
在任何地方),everywhere(每一…地方;到处),anywhere(任何地方)等。如:
Vherever you go,I can find you.无论你到哪里我都可以找到你。