Unit 20
定语从句
Attributive Clauses
20—1
话说定语从句
用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从
句通常跟在先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引出。
关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose等。
关系副词:when,where,why等。
关系词除引导从句外,还代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分,如主语、
宾语、定语和状语等。如:
The man who wrote this book is our English teacher.写这本书的人是我
们的英语老师。(the man是先行词,关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行
词在从句中担任主语)
This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。
(the room是先行词,关系副词where引导一个定语从句并在从句中担任地点状
语)
+20—2
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词可以代替先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中起主语、宾语、
定语等作用。现将关系代词的代替功能及它们在从句所起的作用列表如下:
代替功能
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
句中的作用
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom who
which
that
定语
whose
whose
The railway which was built last year is destroyed by flood.去年修建的
那条铁路被洪水冲毁了。
I shall never talk anyone who gossips.我再也不理睬那些爱散布流言蜚语
的人。
①whom在从句中用作宾语,现仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中
作宾语,主要用于口语。如:
GeneralEnish Grammar-Abie Clauses
341
342
薄水通用英语语法,定语从句
The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy.
罗斯相遇的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(正式文体)
The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(非正式
英语)
②在口语中,who,whom,which在从句中作动词宾语时,常常省去。如:
The boy(whom)I mentioned is his son.我刚才提到的那个男孩是他的儿
子。
③当关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时,只能用whom或which,但是当介词
位于定语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词则仍可用tht,也可省去。关系代
词whom和which作介词的宾语时,介词可以放在关系代词之前,也可以放在定
语从句中的动词之后,如果介词放在whom或which之前,则whom和which不
可省,如果介词放在定语从句的动词之后,则whom和which可以省去;在含有
介词的动词固定词组中,其介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。如:
This is the town in which I grew up.(=This is the town which that I grew
upin.)我是在这座小镇长大的。
This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人o
④用that引导定语从句
※先行词是不定代词a,few,little,much,everything,nothing,anything,none
等。如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东
西要买吗?
※先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词或形容词
最高级。如:
This is the best movie that I've ever seen,这是我看到过的最好的一
部电影。
※先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。如:
Vernon is the only person that I want to talk to.弗农就是我要谈话的那个
人。
※当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。如:
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们在
谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。
※在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。如:
Who is that woman that is reading in the corner 坐在角落读书的那位妇
女是谁?
Vhich of the books that borrowed from the library is yours 从图书馆借
的哪一本书是你的?