Unit221语
speech
+22—1
话说引语
一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复述出来,叫直接引语;用自己的话转述
别人的话,叫间接引语。通常情况下,直接引语要放在引号内,而间接引语则不需
要,而是用宾语从句的方式表达出来。如:
Robin said,“I'm40 this year..”罗宾说:“我今年40岁了。”(直接引语)
Robin said that he was40 that year.罗宾说那年他40岁。(that引导的宾
语从句是间接引语)
+22—2
直接引语是陈述句
直接引语是陈述句,转述为间接引语时,则变成一个由连词tht(在口语中可
省去)引导的宾语从句。that从句之前用tel,say等动词,但通常会发生下列变
化:
1人称的变化
Judy said,“My father is a businessman.”朱迪说:“我爸是生意人。"(直
接引语)
Judy said that her father was a businessman.朱迪说她父亲是生意人。
(间接引语)
Sammy said to me,“You have to improve your working method.”萨米
对我说:“你必须改进工作方法。”(直接引语)
Sammy told me that I had to improve my working method.萨米告诉我
必须改进工作方法。(间接引语)
有时为了避免指代不清而引起误解,需要用具体名词来代替人称代词。如:
Joshua said,“He is very clever..”不可变成Joshua said that he was
very clever..(直接引语中的“he”不是“主句”的主语“Joshua”,根据实际情况在
间接引语中可作如下变换:He said that Peter was very clever.)
2时态的变化
主句中的谓语动词是过去时,间接引语中的时态或情态动词要视具体情况相
应改变。如下表:
General Endlish Grammar-Speech
359
360
薄冰通用英语语法·引语
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
将来进行时
过去将来进行时
将来完成时
过去将来完成时
can,may,must,ought to,need
could,might,must(had to),ought to,need
shall,will
should,would
①一般现在时→一般过去时
Larry said,“I like it very much.”拉里说:“我非常喜欢它。”(直接引语)
Larry said that he liked it very much,拉里说他很喜欢它。(间接引语)
品品品注]
直接引语如果是客观真理或是反复出现或习惯性的动作,改为间接引语时,其一般现在时
不变。如:
The old man said,“Every coin has two sides.”那位老人说:“每块硬币都有两面,任何
事情都有利弊。”(直接引语)
The old man said that every coin has two sides.那位老人说每块硬币都有两面,任何
事情都有利弊。(间接引语)
Tom said,“I go to work in my car every day.”汤姆说:“我每天坐我的车上班。"(直接
引语)
Tom said that he goes to work in his car every day.汤姆说他每天坐他的车上班。
(间接引语)
②现在进行时→过去进行时
June said,“I am listening to the weather prediction now.”琼说:“我在
听天气预报。”(直接引语)
June said that she was listening to the weather prediction then..琼说她
那时在听天气预报。(间接引语)
③现在完成时→过去完成时
Leo said,“I have finished the reading material..”利奥说:“我已读完阅
读材料了。”(直接引语)
Leo said that he had finished the reading material,.利奥说他已读完了
阅读材料。(间接引语)
④
一般将来时→过去将来时
Tom told me,“'I do it after class.”汤姆对我说:“这件事我下课后做。”
(直接引语)
Tom told me that he would do it after class.汤姆告诉我说那件事他下课
以后做。(间接引语)