Unit 10 被动语态 讲解+练习 学案【中学通用英语语法】

Unit 10
被动语态
The Passive Voice
→10—1
话说语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执
行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。本章着重讲被动语态。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者，也就
是动作的对象。通常情况下，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语里
往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
±10—2
被动语态的构成形式
英语动词的被动语态是由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be
有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则同连系动词be完全一样。主动语态的句子
结构与被动语态的句子结构如下：
动作的发出者+主动语态动词+动作的接受者（主动语态）
主语
谓语
宾语
动作的接受者+被动语态动词(+动词过去分词)+(by+动作的发出者)（被动语态）
主语
谓语
宾语
现以ask为例，将各种人称、数和时态的被动语态列表如下：
般
完
成
进
行
I am asked...
I am being asked...
have been asked...
You are asked...
You)
You are being asked.…
He
He
He
现
is asked...
has been asked...
is being asked...
She
She
She
在
We
We
We
You
are asked...
You
have been asked...
You
are being asked...
They
They
They
GeneralEis Grammar-The Passive Voice
179
180
薄冰通用英语语法·被动语态
|was asked.…
I was being asked...
You were asked...
You
You were being asked...
He
He
He
过
Shel
was asked.…
去
She
was being asked...
had been asked...
She
We
We
We
You
were asked...
You
You
were being asked...
They
They
They
I shall be asked.…
I shall have been asked...
You
You
将
He will be asked...
He
will have been asked...
She
She
来
We shall be asked...
We shall have been asked...
You
You
They)
will be asked...
They.
will have been asked...
I should be asked...
I should have been asked...
You
过
You
去
He would be asked...
He would have been asked...
将
She
She
来
We should be asked...
We should have been asked...
You
You
would be asked...
would have been asked...
They
They
注：英语主动语态的时态有16个，而被动语态的常用时态只有上表中10个。
→10—3
被动语态的一般疑问句和否定句结构
构成被动语态的一般疑问句时，须将第一个助动词移至主语之前；构成被动
语态的否定结构时，助动词后须加not.现以write为例将被动语态各个时态的陈
述、否定、一般疑问、简略答语等结构列表如下：
般
完成
进行
It is written.
It has been written.
It is being written.
It is not written.
It has not been written.
It is not being written.
现
Is it written？
Has it been written？
Is it being written
在
Yes,it is.
Yes,it has.
Yes,it is.
No,it is not.
No,it has not.
No,it is not.
It was written.
It had been written.
It was being written.
It was not written.
It had not been written.
It was not being written.
过
Was it written
Had it been written
去
Was it being written？
Yes,it was.
Yes,it had.
Yes,it was.
No,it was not.
No,it had not.
No,it was not.