Unit 11 虚拟语气 讲解+练习 学案【中学通用英语语法】

Unit 11
虚拟语气
The Subjuntive Mood
→11一1
话说语气
语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。语气可
分为下列三种：
①陈述语气：表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。如：
I think your approach is correct.我认为你的方法是正确的。
The situation could stil训I be remedied.事情还有挽回的余地。
There are two sides to every question..每个问题都有两个方面。
②祈使语气：表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
Be quiet！请安静！
Remember to e-mail me.记得给我发电子邮件。
Please read through the instruction in advance.请预先读完说明书。
③虚拟语气：是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而只
是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。如：
I wish I could have slept longer this morning,but I had to get up and
come to class.我希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，但我得起来去上课。
His doctor suggested that Arlene (should)take short leave of absence.
医生建议阿琳休几天假。
If I were not so busy,I would go with you.假如我不太忙，我会和你一起
去。
→11—2
虚拟语气的形式
①动词原形，用于一切人称和数。如：
God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。
It was necessary that Tom take measures immediately,汤姆立即采取措
施是必要的。
②动词的过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were.如：
Henry looked as if he knew about it.亨利看起来好像知道那件事。
Genera Enish Grammar-The Subnive
193
194
薄冰通用英语语法·虚拟语气
I wish I were ten years younger.我希望我要是年轻10岁就好了。
③had+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。如：
If you had left a little earlier,you would have caught the train.你要是早点
儿动身就能赶上火车了。
I wouldn't have caught cold if I had put on more clothes.我要是多穿点
儿衣服就不会着凉了。
④should+动词原形，用于一切人称和数。如：
I'm sorry that you should think so.你这样想，我感到很遗憾。
It is desired that everything should be ready by ten o'clock,希望一切在
10点前准备就绪。
If Jack should call on tonight,I shall show him this letter..如果杰克今晚来
访，我将给他看这封信。
⑤should have+过去分词，用于一切人称和数。如：
You should have taken his advice.你真该接受他的忠告。
It is strange that Emma should have done it.真奇怪，爱玛竞会做出这种事
来。
They should have come by this time.他们现在该到了。
⑥should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)+动词原形。如：
If I were you,I should reconsider his proposal,如果我是你，我要重新考虑
他的建议。（美国英语常用would代替should)
He wouldn't feel so cold if he were indoors.要是在室内他就不会觉得冷
了。
You would laugh if I told you.如果我告诉你，你会笑话的。
⑦should(第一人称)would(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词。如：
If I had taken your advice,I should have finished my assignment now.
果当时听了你的话，我现在该完成任务了。（美国英语常用woud代替should)
If they hadn't helped you,you would have done nothing.要不是当时他
们帮了你，你现在肯定是一事无成。
Julia would have come if she hadn't been so busy.要不是忙朱莉娅就来
了。
品品品注]
上述某些动词形式和陈述语气的某些动词形式相同，但它们的用法及其所表示的时间概
念则完全两样，二者切不可混淆
11—3
条件句的种类
条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能
发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。如：