Unit12
非限定动词
Non-finite Verb
→121
话说非限定动词
在句子中,不能作谓语而是担任其他语法功能的动词,叫做非限定动词。非
限定动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。
1非限定动词的双重性
非限定动词有双重性质,即它既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。
①非限定动词有语态和时态的变化。如:
Having finished his work,.George went to play football..做完功课以后,乔
治去踢足球了。(现在分词的完成式)
The building being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那个大
楼将于下月竣工。(现在分词的被动语态)
②非限定动词可由状语来修饰。如果是及物动词,须有宾语。如:
Alice wanted to buy a computer.爱丽丝想买一台电脑。(不定式接宾语a
computer)
Shining brightly in the sky,the sun gives us light and heat..太阳在天空闪
耀,给了我们光和热。(现在分词被状语brightly所修饰)
③非限制动词(不定式和动名词)可以起名词作用,在句子中作主语、宾语和表
语等。如
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(to see与to believe分别作主语和表
语)
Jack is fond of playing games.,杰克喜欢玩游戏。(playing games作介词
宾语)
④非限定动词(不定式和分词)可以起形容词作用,在句中作定语、表语或宾语
补语等。如:
The man sitting by the window is our English teacher..坐在窗户边的那个
人是我们的英语老师。(sitting by the window作定语)
The young man seems to be a college student..那个年轻人好像是个大学
生。(tobe作表语)
Susan got John to turn off the light.苏珊让约翰把灯关掉。(to turn off the
General Enlish Gramma-No-finte Verb
207
208
薄水通用英语语法,非限定动词
light作宾语补语)
⑤非限定动词(不定式和分词)可以起副词作用,在句中作状语。如:
My mother was surprised to hear the news.
听到这个消息,我母亲感到很吃惊。(to hear作原因状语)
Looking up at me with a weak smile,the boy left the store.这个男孩望着
我淡淡一笑,就离开了商店。(looking up at me with a weak smile作伴随状语)
2非限定动词的语法功用(见表)
担任成分
主语
表语
宾语
介宾
宾补
定语
状语
种类
不定式
分词
动名词
3非限定动词短语
带有宾语或状语的非限定动词词组,称为非限定动词短语。如:
I have no time to finish that long novel this week.我本周设有时间读完那
本小说。(不定式短语)
Forgetting the past means betrayal.忘记过去就意味背叛。(动名词短语)
The boy having a hair cut in the room is my cousin.在房间里理发的那个
男孩是我的表弟。(过去分词短语)
It's a mixture consisting of oil and vinegar..那是一种油和醋的混合物。(现
在分词短语)
4非限定动词短语可转化为从句
非限定动词往往可以转化成各种从句。如:
The foreign guests hope to join the National Day celebration of Beijing.
The foreign guests hope that they can join the National Day celebration of
Beijing.外宾希望参加北京的国庆庆祝会。(不定式短语转化为宾语从句)
The man standing there is our English teacher.=The man who is
standing there is our English teacher..站在那儿的那个人是我们的英语教师。
(现在分词短语转化为定语从句)
I regret being unable to help.=I regret that I cannot help.我感到抱款,不
能帮助你。(动名词短语转化为宾语从句)