2022届高考英语二轮复习：宾语从句学案
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宾语从句
The Object Clause
1. I know him . （简单句）
主语 谓语 宾语
2. I know who he is . （复合句）
主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语
主句 从句
主句从句
3. 宾语从句的概念：
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语
4. 句子结构：
主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
一、连词（引导词）
从属连词 that，if，whether
连接代词 who，whom，whose，what， which
whoever，whomever, whatever，whichever，
连接副词 when，where，how， why
1.作动词的宾语
I heard (that) be joined the army.
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
She told me (that) she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another
Did she say anything about how we should do the work
※it 可以作形式宾语
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
I thought it strange that he failed to call me．
3. 作形容词的宾语
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
二、宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
Mary says thatTom isn’t lazy.
Mary says that Tom is doing well in his lesson.
Mary says that She will ask Tom some questions.
Mary says that Tom may fall behind the others.
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）如：
She said that she missed us very much.
She said that she was writing a letter.
She said that she would visit the Great Wall.
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：
(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
练习：
1.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. had left D. had been away
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
那个错
1. His brother asks when he will go to the library .
His brother asks when will he go to the library .
2. I don’t know what he wants to buy .
I don’t know what does he want to buy .
3. Can you tell me who we are going to meet
Can you tell me who are we going to meet
4. We want to know if/whether he knows French .
We want to know if/whether does he know French.
5. They’ re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer .
They’ re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .
6.Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterday’s class .
注意事项
1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
Could you please tell me where we show ourtickets
Could you tell us which gate we have to go to
Would you like to know when he will come back
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .
He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .
He asks if I like playing the piano .
You may ask the man over there how youcan get to the bus station .
3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if
Could you tell me whether that’s a fast train or not
Do you know whether he is right or not
I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not .
练习：
1. No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was B. what’s the matter
C. what was the matter D. what the matter is
四、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
连词+宾语从句连词+to do
I don’t know what I shall do next .
I don’t know what to do next .
She didn’t decide which one she would choose .
She didn’t decide which one to choose .
Please tell me whom you’ll give the letter to .
Please tell me whom to give the letter to .
练习：
1. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
2. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
3. The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
五. 否定的转移
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
六. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they
七. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
1.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省.
动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
2.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省.
He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.
八．whether或if区别
用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍
保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时; f.做discuss的宾语。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。
（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
Whether he will come is unknown.
The question is whether you should accept it.
The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided.
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
宾语从句练习题
类型一：引导词的运用
（1） I don’t know ___________or not．
A． whether he is at home B． if he is at home
C． that he is at home D． whether is he at home
（2） This depends on _________ the weather is fine．
A． which B． whether C．if D． that
（3） The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．
A． which B． where C． if D． that
（4） I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us． He’ll help us with our English．
A． why B． when C．how D． where
（5） －－Be careful！ Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I said David
－－ Yes， Mum
A． what B． that C． why D． if
（6） －－－ Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is
－－－ He may live at NO．18 or No．19 of Bridge Street．I’m not sure of ______．
A． where， which B． where， what
C． what， which D． what， where
（7） There is not much difference between the two． I really don’t know _____．
A． what should I choose B． which I should choose
C． which should I choose D． what I should choose
类型二：宾语从句的语序
（1） Did you find out ______
A． she was looking for whose child
B． whose child was she looking for
C． whose child she is looking for
D． whose child she was looking for
（2） Are you interested in _____
A． how did he do it B． he did it how
C． how he did it D． he how did it
（3） I don’t know _____． Can you tell me
A． how the two players are old B． how old are the two players
C． the two players are how old D． how old the two players are
（4） －－－ What did the scientist say
－－－ He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．
A． he had to fly B． he could fly C． can he fly D． could he fly
（5） Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____
A． Where the bank nearest B． where is the nearest bank
C． where the nearest bank is D． the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car
A． what the matter was B． what the matter is
C． what was the matter D． what is the matter
类型三：时态
（ ）1 It’s 7：30． I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．
A．haven’t started B．didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started
（ ）2 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．
A． is B．was C. has been D．will be
（ ）3 The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
A． goes B． go C． went D． will go
（ ）4 We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
A． have passed B． had passed C. pass D．will pass
（ ）5 “Could you tell me______ ” “ Yes． They ____ to the library．”
A． where are the twins， have been
B． where were the twins， have been
C． where the twins are， have gone
D. where the twins were， have gone
（ ）6 Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week．
A． will buy B． have bought C． would buy D． buys
（ ）7 I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．
A． goes B． will go C． went D． have gone
类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语
（ ）1．I don’t think he is right，__________
A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I
（ ）2． He believes she is right， __________
A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she
（ ）3．I thought that he disliked playing football，__________
A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I
（ ）4． I find _____ important that we practice English every day．
A． it B． this C． that D． what
（ ）5． You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift．
A． how they were excited B． how excited they were
C． how excited were they D． they were how excited
高考题
1．—What did you parents think about your decision
—They always let me do ________ I think I should．
A． when B． that C． how D． what
2． Please remind me _________ he said he was going． I may be in time to see him off．
A． where B． when C． how D． what
3．Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game．
A．why B．what C．who D．that
4．Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see________．
A ．who is he B． who he is C． who is it D． who it is
5． ——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
——What do you consider _______to her
A．was happening B．to happen C .has happened D． happening
选择题。
1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter.
A. either B. that C. weather D. whether
2. We don't know ______ they did it .
A. how B. who C. what D. which
3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time .
A. that B. if C. when D. what time
4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
5. I wonder _______ he is crying now .
A. that B. why C. how D. when
6. Have you found out ______ we can do on Hainan Island
A. what B. how C. if D. whether
7. Lily said _______ she had finished her composition .
A. if B. that C. when D. where
8. I don’t know ______ he still lives here .
A. where B. what C. when D. whether
9. Could you show me ________
A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station
10. Please tell me _______.
A. what does he like B. what he does like
C. what he likes D. what he like
11. My sister told him ________ .
A. what day was it B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
12. Could you tell me where we _______ next week .
A. would go B. to go C. had to go D. will go
13. Could you tell me how much ________to fly to Hainan
A. do it cost B. does it cost C. it cost D. it costs
14. The small children don't know ______.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
.15.Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
16. Could you tell me how long __________
A. you have bought the watch
B. you have kept this science book
C. have you been away from China
D. have you been a member of Greener China
17 .He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing .
A. will rain，won't go B. rained, wasn't go C. rains , won't go D. rain , will go
The Object Clause
1. I know him . （简单句）
主语 谓语 宾语
2. I know who he is . （复合句）
主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语
主句 从句
主句从句
3. 宾语从句的概念：
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语
4. 句子结构：
主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
一、连词（引导词）
从属连词 that，if，whether
连接代词 who，whom，whose，what， which
whoever，whomever, whatever，whichever，
连接副词 when，where，how， why
1.作动词的宾语
I heard (that) be joined the army.
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
She told me (that) she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another
Did she say anything about how we should do the work
※it 可以作形式宾语
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
I thought it strange that he failed to call me．
3. 作形容词的宾语
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
二、宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
I know he lives here .
I know he lived here ten years ago .
Mary says thatTom isn’t lazy.
Mary says that Tom is doing well in his lesson.
Mary says that She will ask Tom some questions.
Mary says that Tom may fall behind the others.
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）如：
She said that she missed us very much.
She said that she was writing a letter.
She said that she would visit the Great Wall.
如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时。如：
(1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
练习：
1.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of the tickets ________.
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave C. had left D. had been away
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
那个错
1. His brother asks when he will go to the library .
His brother asks when will he go to the library .
2. I don’t know what he wants to buy .
I don’t know what does he want to buy .
3. Can you tell me who we are going to meet
Can you tell me who are we going to meet
4. We want to know if/whether he knows French .
We want to know if/whether does he know French.
5. They’ re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer .
They’ re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer .
6.Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterday’s class .
注意事项
1．could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
Could you please tell me where we show ourtickets
Could you tell us which gate we have to go to
Would you like to know when he will come back
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .
He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .
He asks if I like playing the piano .
You may ask the man over there how youcan get to the bus station .
3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if
Could you tell me whether that’s a fast train or not
Do you know whether he is right or not
I don’t care whether he’ll stay here or not .
练习：
1. No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was B. what’s the matter
C. what was the matter D. what the matter is
四、宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
连词+宾语从句连词+to do
I don’t know what I shall do next .
I don’t know what to do next .
She didn’t decide which one she would choose .
She didn’t decide which one to choose .
Please tell me whom you’ll give the letter to .
Please tell me whom to give the letter to .
练习：
1. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
2. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
3. The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what
五. 否定的转移
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
六. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he
当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect / suspect / feel等时，疑问部分的主语和谓语往往与从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实质上是将对主句的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they
七. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
1.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省.
动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
2.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省.
He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.
八．whether或if区别
用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍
保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时; f.做discuss的宾语。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。
（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
Whether he will come is unknown.
The question is whether you should accept it.
The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided.
I’m not interested in whether they’ll go or not.
She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
宾语从句练习题
类型一：引导词的运用
（1） I don’t know ___________or not．
A． whether he is at home B． if he is at home
C． that he is at home D． whether is he at home
（2） This depends on _________ the weather is fine．
A． which B． whether C．if D． that
（3） The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．
A． which B． where C． if D． that
（4） I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us． He’ll help us with our English．
A． why B． when C．how D． where
（5） －－Be careful！ Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I said David
－－ Yes， Mum
A． what B． that C． why D． if
（6） －－－ Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is
－－－ He may live at NO．18 or No．19 of Bridge Street．I’m not sure of ______．
A． where， which B． where， what
C． what， which D． what， where
（7） There is not much difference between the two． I really don’t know _____．
A． what should I choose B． which I should choose
C． which should I choose D． what I should choose
类型二：宾语从句的语序
（1） Did you find out ______
A． she was looking for whose child
B． whose child was she looking for
C． whose child she is looking for
D． whose child she was looking for
（2） Are you interested in _____
A． how did he do it B． he did it how
C． how he did it D． he how did it
（3） I don’t know _____． Can you tell me
A． how the two players are old B． how old are the two players
C． the two players are how old D． how old the two players are
（4） －－－ What did the scientist say
－－－ He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．
A． he had to fly B． he could fly C． can he fly D． could he fly
（5） Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____
A． Where the bank nearest B． where is the nearest bank
C． where the nearest bank is D． the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car
A． what the matter was B． what the matter is
C． what was the matter D． what is the matter
类型三：时态
（ ）1 It’s 7：30． I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．
A．haven’t started B．didn’t C. don’t start D. hadn’t started
（ ）2 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas Day．
A． is B．was C. has been D．will be
（ ）3 The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
A． goes B． go C． went D． will go
（ ）4 We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
A． have passed B． had passed C. pass D．will pass
（ ）5 “Could you tell me______ ” “ Yes． They ____ to the library．”
A． where are the twins， have been
B． where were the twins， have been
C． where the twins are， have gone
D. where the twins were， have gone
（ ）6 Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week．
A． will buy B． have bought C． would buy D． buys
（ ）7 I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．
A． goes B． will go C． went D． have gone
类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语
（ ）1．I don’t think he is right，__________
A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I
（ ）2． He believes she is right， __________
A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she
（ ）3．I thought that he disliked playing football，__________
A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I
（ ）4． I find _____ important that we practice English every day．
A． it B． this C． that D． what
（ ）5． You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift．
A． how they were excited B． how excited they were
C． how excited were they D． they were how excited
高考题
1．—What did you parents think about your decision
—They always let me do ________ I think I should．
A． when B． that C． how D． what
2． Please remind me _________ he said he was going． I may be in time to see him off．
A． where B． when C． how D． what
3．Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game．
A．why B．what C．who D．that
4．Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see________．
A ．who is he B． who he is C． who is it D． who it is
5． ——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
——What do you consider _______to her
A．was happening B．to happen C .has happened D． happening
选择题。
1. The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter.
A. either B. that C. weather D. whether
2. We don't know ______ they did it .
A. how B. who C. what D. which
3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time .
A. that B. if C. when D. what time
4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not .
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
5. I wonder _______ he is crying now .
A. that B. why C. how D. when
6. Have you found out ______ we can do on Hainan Island
A. what B. how C. if D. whether
7. Lily said _______ she had finished her composition .
A. if B. that C. when D. where
8. I don’t know ______ he still lives here .
A. where B. what C. when D. whether
9. Could you show me ________
A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station
C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station
10. Please tell me _______.
A. what does he like B. what he does like
C. what he likes D. what he like
11. My sister told him ________ .
A. what day was it B. when the train arrived
C. who she was waiting D. where did you live
12. Could you tell me where we _______ next week .
A. would go B. to go C. had to go D. will go
13. Could you tell me how much ________to fly to Hainan
A. do it cost B. does it cost C. it cost D. it costs
14. The small children don't know ______.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
.15.Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
16. Could you tell me how long __________
A. you have bought the watch
B. you have kept this science book
C. have you been away from China
D. have you been a member of Greener China
17 .He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing .
A. will rain，won't go B. rained, wasn't go C. rains , won't go D. rain , will go