2022届高考英语二轮复习：情态动词重点讲解学案（无答案）
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高考情态动词重点讲解
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。
一、其考点主要包括：
1．考查情态动词的基本用法。如：can和could的用法及区别；will和would的用法及区别；must的用法；shall用于不同人称时的用法；should的用法；need的用法等。
2．考查情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；
3. 情态动词＋have done
二、情态动词主要有
1、can / could/ be able to 2、may / might 3、must 4、shall / should
5、will/would 6、need 7、dare(敢于) 8、ought to(应该) 9、 Used to
三、情态动词主要特征：
1）不能单独作谓语，只能和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语；
2）没有人称和数的变化，
3）后面接动词原形，即不带to的不定式；
四、情态动词基本用法
一）、can / could
（1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能等）。此时可用be able to代替
Can you lift this heavy box （体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
I can swim. Can you skate （技能）
can /could和be able to 区别。
*be able to 能用于各种时态。(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用)，
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。一般指自身具有的能力
*was / were able to : “过去设法成功地做成了某事时”。相当于managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。
注：在否定句中 was (were) able to可用 couldn’t代替。如：
He worked very hard but wasn’t able to [couldn’t] pass his examinations. 他学习很努力，但考试却未能及格。
用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：
①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.
②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.
（2）表示客观（理论）上的可能性，can用于肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，用于肯定句中，译为 “可能会”“有时会”；。
e.g. You can hurt yourself if you play in the street.
e.g. Anybody can make mistakes.
e.g. This hall can hold 500 people at least.
e.g. An experienced driver can have an accident at times.
（3）表示请求和允许，怀疑多用于否定与疑问结构中，此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于答语中。
e.g. -Can/Could I go now -Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
You can go out when you finish your homework.
表示许可: may / might, can / could
* might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句.
* 在以could, might表示请求时，回答应使用can, may.
(4)表示猜测、惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
How could you do such a silly thing
Can the news be true 这消息是真的吗？
练习
1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
3. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
4. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to
5. — Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
重点短语：
1) can’t ( help /choose ) but do sth.表示“不得不、只好” can not help doing “禁不住”：
Eg. I cannot but choose to go with them.
2)cannot/ can never...enough/too表示“再......也不为过” “越……越好”。
Eg. You can’t be too careful while driving.
You can’t be careful enough while driving.
Eg. You cannot be too careful to cross the road.
You can never do the work too well. 这项工作你做的越出色越好
二)、may/might:
（1） 表示请求、允许、许可。意为“可以”否定回答时，一般要用mustn't，表示“禁止，不准”。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，may not “不可以”。
— Might/May I use your computer
— Yes, you may. /No, you mustn’t/ can’t. /No, you may not./No, you had better not.
（2）用于祈使句中表示祝愿。(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋…。
May you be happy all your life.
May you succeed.
May you have a good trip.
（3）表示推测、可能，意为“或许，也许，大概” 用于肯定句或否定句中，疑问句不能用于此意。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。用might 比 may语气更加不肯定，疑问句则要用can或could。may not 意为“可能不”
He may be very busy now.
She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.
(4)用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：
No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
重点短语：
may/might well do 很可能做
may/ might as well do sth. “最好、倒不如、不妨做……”：
Eg. It's too late. You might as well not go.
You may as well do it at once.
练习
6. — Might I watch TV after supper — Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
7. — I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _______ I have a look
—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
三)、must（1）“必须，一定，得”，表示的是命令性的语气。
must 作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn’t”，或don't have to表示“不必”。
Eg. You must hand in your composition today.
eg. —Must I work out the problem tonight
—Yes, you must —No，you needn’t.
注: mustn’t 表示“禁止，不准”
You mustn’t play with the knife; you may hurt yourself.
(2) (表示推测) 意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中，不能用于否定句或疑问句。
This must be your pen.
He must be doing his homework now.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
(3)（表示固执,不满）偏要“偏要，硬要，”之意，
If you must smoke, please go out.
Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying
(4) (表必然性)必定。
Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。
must 与have to区别：
1、must更强调说话者的主观意愿；have to则强调客观上的必要性，常译为“不得不”。
2、have to可以有多种时态变化，must 只有现在时一种形式。
3、must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。
1、I really must go now.
2． I had to work when I was your age.
四)、shall / should
Shall用法
1）.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。
1. Shall we begin our lesson
2. When shall he be allowed to leave hospital
3. Shall I carry this bag for you 4. Shall he go now
2）.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁、决心，或用于法律、规定等。
You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. 警告
He shall be punished according to the rule. 威胁 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。
You shall get my book on Sunday.允诺
He shall leave the house at once.
The sign reads: No person shall smoke here!
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
should用法
(1) ( 表义务，责任) 应该，ought to比should语气重。
You should apologize to him.
You shouldn't drink and drive. 你不该酒后驾车。
（2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window
(3) 用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。
I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.
I can never imagine an honest boy like him should cheat in the exam.
注意Why/ How should表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、等意为“竟会”。
Eg. Why should you be so late today 你今天怎么来得这么晚？
(4)（if引导的条件状语从句）一 旦, 万一，从句谓语用should+动词原形构成。
Should you change your mind, let me know.
If it should rain tomorrow , we would stay at home.
(5) 表示推测.表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。
He ought to/should be home by now.
It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Jack should be here at the moment.
练习
---When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .
A. can B. should C. might D. need
ought to . 表示应该、推测，相当于should。 如：You ought to take care of him.
否定形式：ought not to/ oughtn't to
一般疑问句形式：将ought置于主语前
Ought I to make an apology to Joan 我应该向琼道歉吗？
练习
（1） — What’s the name
— Khulaifi . ________ I spell that for you
A. Shall B. Would C. Will D. Might
（2） — What does the sign over there read
—“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette．”
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
五）、will/would
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
Would you like… Would you please…
Would/ Will you kindly tell me the way to the station 请问到火车站怎么走？
Would you teach us how to drive a car
Will you please give him a message when you see him
2. will, would 用于表示意志或意愿（will指现在，would指过去）
I will never do that again.
I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.
3.表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作或某种倾向，翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。will指现在，would是指过去，
(1) The door won’t open.
(2) He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.
(3) Fish will die without water. 鱼离开水就会死。
used to 表示“过去常常，过去是”，现在并不如此了，没有人称和数的变化,表示过去的习惯动作或状态.
其否定形式为usedn't to或didn't use to
其一般疑问句是将used提到主语前或用“Did...use to... ”形式
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是以前的他了。
He didn't use to go to work by bike. 他以前不经常骑自行车去上班。
Used you to/ Did you use to be friends 你们以前是朋友吗？
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。
疑问句 ·Did you use to go to the same school as your brother ·Used you to go to the same school as your brother？
否定句 ·I usedn't to go there. ·I didn't use to go there.
否定疑问句 ·Usen't you to be interested in the theatre ·Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre？
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she (口语)
—Used you to get up early in the morning
—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)
would\used to 区别
used to do“过去常常，强调现在不了” would表示“过去常常”；
would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词; 所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”
used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.
I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.
will，would，used to
用will，would和used to填空：
①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.
②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.
六）、need和dare的用法
1. need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句或条件句，且只有现在时。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。needn’t = don’t have to 不必
(1) You needn't water the tomato plants now.
(2)— Need I go there right now — Yes, you must.
(3) You needn’t worry = You don’t need to worry.
(4) If you need go there, please let me know.
2 dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句.过去式dared.
a. How dare you say I’m unfair
b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she
c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.
惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我想，大概”。
3、dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
need作实义动词时，注意：need to do：需要做某事，主动
need doing= need to be done需要被做，被动
The house needs repairing.＝The house needs to be repaired.
The elderly man needs / wants /requires looking after every day .
= The elderly man needs / wants / requires to be looked after every day .
1、I dare to swim across this river. 2、He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3、He needs to finish his homework today.
练习
— What sort of house do you want to have Something big （’陕西高考）
— Well, it ________ be big — that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：
Can you sing Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
May I come in Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.
Must I hand in the book now Yes, you must. No, you needn’t /don’t have to.
Need I finish it now Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答 情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。
完成下列句子：
①—Need I go there now
—Yes，you________． —No，you ________．
②—Must I do my homework
—Yes，you________． —No，you________．
③—May/Might I use your bike
—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.
—No，you ________．
④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag
—Yes，I ________．
⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight
—Yes，I________． —Sorry，but I________．
⑥—Shall I tell him about it
—No，you ________. I told him just now.
五、考查情态动词表示推测的功能。
1）can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：注意语气。语气较强时用must，cannot，couldn't；语气较弱时用may，might
可能性的强弱层次
must ＞ should/ought to＞ can/could ＞may/might
表示“推测”的情态动词
肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；
否定句中用can，may，might，could；
疑问句中用can，could。
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
注意时态。
表示对现在或将来情况的推测通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行式”结构；
表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。
情态动词 适用形式 适用时态 意义 语气轻重
must 只用于肯定句 must +do/be must+be doing must+have done 一定，肯定 语气最重
can/ could 常用于疑问句和否定句 cann’t/couldn’t+do/be cann’t /couldn’t+be doing cann’t /couldn’t +have done 可能，能够 语气次之
may/ might 可用于肯定句、否定句 may/ might +do/be may/ might +be doing may/ might +have done 也许，可能 语气最轻
(1) He is in hospital. He can't be at school. (2) Can he be free now
(3) He has a car. He may come by car, but I am not sure.
(4) It is raining so hard. My friend may not come.
(5) The baby doesn't want anything. She must be full.
(6)He may/might be listening to the radio now.
(7)What can they be doing
(8)he must be lying.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
2）. “情态动词+have done”的用法
构成 用法 举例
must + have done 表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must表示推测时，不能用于否定句和疑问句。 The man must have stayed up.
should/ ought to + have done 用于肯定句，表示 “本来应该......的（但实际上却没有......）”，含有责备的意思；用于否定句意思为“本来不该......的（但实际上却已经......了）”。 Perhaps we should have taken the other road. It might have been quicker. You shouldn't/ ought not to have let him do that; he might have got lost.
may/ might + have done 用于肯定句和否定句，表示对过去发生某事的可能性推测，意思为“或许（已经）......” 本来可能……(但实际上没有发生)， He said that she might have missed the plane. 3) He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
cann’t / couldn’t + have done 多用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去某事发生的推测，意思为“不可能（已经）......了 He can't / couldn't have seen her there.
could+have done 用于肯定句，表示本能做某事却没做 You could have helped him.
needn't + have done 表示对过去已经做了某事而后悔，意思为“本来可以不必......的（可实际上却已经......了）”。 We needn't have worried. 我们本不必担心。
will + have done 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。 He will have arrived by now.
should have done
A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：
They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home by now.
B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如： I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.
②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.
③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.
与情态动词有关的固定短语
①may/might well do 很可能做
may/might (just) as well do 不妨做
②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough 越……越好
③would rather do和had better do
④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)
⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.
练习
1、— I’m sorry. I________ at you the other day. — Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
2、As you worked late yesterday, you________ have come this morning.
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3、The teacher ________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
4、— I can’t find my purse anywhere. — You _______ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
5． She _______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．—Nowadays children have more freedom.
—I agree.They ________ do what they like.
2．—Please don't tell anybody.
—I ________.I promise.
3．When I lived with my roommates in the university，we________ often talk into the night.
4．—Where did you get The Frog written by Mo Yan
—I picked it up from a bookshop online if you ________ know.
5．Students ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6．I know that it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd，but if you ________ happen to see him，give him this packet.
7．—Why does Thomas speak through every discussion but never listen to the others
—That's what he ________ do.We used to hate that，but are used to it now.
8．We can't use it to tie the goods because it ________ be broken at the weakest position.
9．—May I smoke here
—If you ________，choose a seat in the smoking section.
10．—Can you keep a secret
—You ________ worry—I'm not going to mention it to anyone.
Ⅱ.完成句子(利用情态动词完成句子)
1．Judging from the bright smile on his face，he ________(一定已经成功了) in passing the job interview.
2．I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence ________(竟然没有通过) such an easy test.
3．You ________(本不必来) in person；a telephone would have been enough.
4．________(如果我收到) your email，I would have set off two days ago.
5．We all know that we ________(本应该减少) our carbon footprint，but I suspect that many people wouldn't be prepared to go as far as Joan Pick，a retired scientist living in south London.
6．The sleeping baby would be scared ________(如果有) a sudden loud noise.
7．There was something wrong with the network，or the e mail ________(本可以被发出) earlier.
8．For those of you who ________(也许已经错过了) a few very popular articles that came out last week，check out this mail.
9．We ________(本来能够到达) here on time but we were caught in a traffic jam.
10．If you ________(没有离开) home without a word，your parents wouldn't be so worried now.
用适当的情态动词填空
A
W: Adam，how is your knee today Is it still giving you trouble
M: No，it feels a lot better today.If I had not run too fast，I __1__ not have been injured.I went to the doctor and he told me it was not serious，but I __2__ not take any strong activity in a few days.
W: Great! But I advise you __3__ take it easy today.Maybe just practice throwing.You __4__ not do any running any more.
M: OK.__5__ I have any news about Michigan and what __6__ we expect in Saturday's game
W: Yes，I have some films，showing Michigan in the last three games.They are in my office，if you __7__ see them after practice，you can.
M: Oh，that __8__ be great.I'd like to see what we are against.They are one of the top basketball teams in the country now since they beat Iowa last e to think of it，why don't you go ahead and check out the game films right now And just rest that knee this afternoon.I wish you __9__ recover soon.
W: Michigan has a strong team.We are in for a tough one.
M: All right，I __10__ be back tomorrow for full practice.
B
Miss Fang __1__ (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she __2__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You __3__ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You __4__ need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor __5__ see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she __6__ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor __7__ take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“__8__ I put you down for ten to four，or __9__ you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she __10__ (not) waste any more time.The teacher __11__ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I __12__ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“__13__ I leave at 3：45 today？I __14__ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you __15__.”
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。
一、其考点主要包括：
1．考查情态动词的基本用法。如：can和could的用法及区别；will和would的用法及区别；must的用法；shall用于不同人称时的用法；should的用法；need的用法等。
2．考查情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；
3. 情态动词＋have done
二、情态动词主要有
1、can / could/ be able to 2、may / might 3、must 4、shall / should
5、will/would 6、need 7、dare(敢于) 8、ought to(应该) 9、 Used to
三、情态动词主要特征：
1）不能单独作谓语，只能和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语；
2）没有人称和数的变化，
3）后面接动词原形，即不带to的不定式；
四、情态动词基本用法
一）、can / could
（1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能等）。此时可用be able to代替
Can you lift this heavy box （体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
I can swim. Can you skate （技能）
can /could和be able to 区别。
*be able to 能用于各种时态。(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用)，
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。一般指自身具有的能力
*was / were able to : “过去设法成功地做成了某事时”。相当于managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。
注：在否定句中 was (were) able to可用 couldn’t代替。如：
He worked very hard but wasn’t able to [couldn’t] pass his examinations. 他学习很努力，但考试却未能及格。
用can，could和be able to的适当形式填空：
①Although the fire was big，everyone________ escape.
②Only in this way will you ________ finish the work in time.
（2）表示客观（理论）上的可能性，can用于肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，用于肯定句中，译为 “可能会”“有时会”；。
e.g. You can hurt yourself if you play in the street.
e.g. Anybody can make mistakes.
e.g. This hall can hold 500 people at least.
e.g. An experienced driver can have an accident at times.
（3）表示请求和允许，怀疑多用于否定与疑问结构中，此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于答语中。
e.g. -Can/Could I go now -Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
You can go out when you finish your homework.
表示许可: may / might, can / could
* might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句.
* 在以could, might表示请求时，回答应使用can, may.
(4)表示猜测、惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
How could you do such a silly thing
Can the news be true 这消息是真的吗？
练习
1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
3. They will ______ run this machine on their own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
4. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to
5. — Could I borrow your dictionary
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
重点短语：
1) can’t ( help /choose ) but do sth.表示“不得不、只好” can not help doing “禁不住”：
Eg. I cannot but choose to go with them.
2)cannot/ can never...enough/too表示“再......也不为过” “越……越好”。
Eg. You can’t be too careful while driving.
You can’t be careful enough while driving.
Eg. You cannot be too careful to cross the road.
You can never do the work too well. 这项工作你做的越出色越好
二)、may/might:
（1） 表示请求、允许、许可。意为“可以”否定回答时，一般要用mustn't，表示“禁止，不准”。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，may not “不可以”。
— Might/May I use your computer
— Yes, you may. /No, you mustn’t/ can’t. /No, you may not./No, you had better not.
（2）用于祈使句中表示祝愿。(不用might)。采用部分倒装语序：may＋主语＋动词原形＋…。
May you be happy all your life.
May you succeed.
May you have a good trip.
（3）表示推测、可能，意为“或许，也许，大概” 用于肯定句或否定句中，疑问句不能用于此意。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。用might 比 may语气更加不肯定，疑问句则要用can或could。may not 意为“可能不”
He may be very busy now.
She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.
(4)用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：
No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up.
重点短语：
may/might well do 很可能做
may/ might as well do sth. “最好、倒不如、不妨做……”：
Eg. It's too late. You might as well not go.
You may as well do it at once.
练习
6. — Might I watch TV after supper — Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
7. — I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _______ I have a look
—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
三)、must（1）“必须，一定，得”，表示的是命令性的语气。
must 作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn’t”，或don't have to表示“不必”。
Eg. You must hand in your composition today.
eg. —Must I work out the problem tonight
—Yes, you must —No，you needn’t.
注: mustn’t 表示“禁止，不准”
You mustn’t play with the knife; you may hurt yourself.
(2) (表示推测) 意为“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句中，不能用于否定句或疑问句。
This must be your pen.
He must be doing his homework now.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
(3)（表示固执,不满）偏要“偏要，硬要，”之意，
If you must smoke, please go out.
Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying
(4) (表必然性)必定。
Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。
must 与have to区别：
1、must更强调说话者的主观意愿；have to则强调客观上的必要性，常译为“不得不”。
2、have to可以有多种时态变化，must 只有现在时一种形式。
3、must 表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。
1、I really must go now.
2． I had to work when I was your age.
四)、shall / should
Shall用法
1）.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。
1. Shall we begin our lesson
2. When shall he be allowed to leave hospital
3. Shall I carry this bag for you 4. Shall he go now
2）.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁、决心，或用于法律、规定等。
You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. 警告
He shall be punished according to the rule. 威胁 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。
You shall get my book on Sunday.允诺
He shall leave the house at once.
The sign reads: No person shall smoke here!
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
should用法
(1) ( 表义务，责任) 应该，ought to比should语气重。
You should apologize to him.
You shouldn't drink and drive. 你不该酒后驾车。
（2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
1. You should / ought to go to class right away.
2. Should I open the window
(3) 用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why，who，how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。
I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.
I can never imagine an honest boy like him should cheat in the exam.
注意Why/ How should表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、等意为“竟会”。
Eg. Why should you be so late today 你今天怎么来得这么晚？
(4)（if引导的条件状语从句）一 旦, 万一，从句谓语用should+动词原形构成。
Should you change your mind, let me know.
If it should rain tomorrow , we would stay at home.
(5) 表示推测.表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于 be expected to。
He ought to/should be home by now.
It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Jack should be here at the moment.
练习
---When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _____be ready by 12 : 00 .
A. can B. should C. might D. need
ought to . 表示应该、推测，相当于should。 如：You ought to take care of him.
否定形式：ought not to/ oughtn't to
一般疑问句形式：将ought置于主语前
Ought I to make an apology to Joan 我应该向琼道歉吗？
练习
（1） — What’s the name
— Khulaifi . ________ I spell that for you
A. Shall B. Would C. Will D. Might
（2） — What does the sign over there read
—“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette．”
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
五）、will/would
1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
Would you like… Would you please…
Would/ Will you kindly tell me the way to the station 请问到火车站怎么走？
Would you teach us how to drive a car
Will you please give him a message when you see him
2. will, would 用于表示意志或意愿（will指现在，would指过去）
I will never do that again.
I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.
3.表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作或某种倾向，翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。will指现在，would是指过去，
(1) The door won’t open.
(2) He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing.
(3) Fish will die without water. 鱼离开水就会死。
used to 表示“过去常常，过去是”，现在并不如此了，没有人称和数的变化,表示过去的习惯动作或状态.
其否定形式为usedn't to或didn't use to
其一般疑问句是将used提到主语前或用“Did...use to... ”形式
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是以前的他了。
He didn't use to go to work by bike. 他以前不经常骑自行车去上班。
Used you to/ Did you use to be friends 你们以前是朋友吗？
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。
疑问句 ·Did you use to go to the same school as your brother ·Used you to go to the same school as your brother？
否定句 ·I usedn't to go there. ·I didn't use to go there.
否定疑问句 ·Usen't you to be interested in the theatre ·Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre？
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat，didn't she？(正式)/use(d)n't she (口语)
—Used you to get up early in the morning
—Yes，I did(正式)．/Yes，I used to.(口语)
would\used to 区别
used to do“过去常常，强调现在不了” would表示“过去常常”；
would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词; 所以我们不能说：“she would be a quiet girl.”
used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可
During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.
I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.
will，would，used to
用will，would和used to填空：
①He ________ be late for school，but now he is seldom late.
②She ________ sit for hours without saying anything.
③He ________ walk by the river in the morning after he got up.
六）、need和dare的用法
1. need用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句或条件句，且只有现在时。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。needn’t = don’t have to 不必
(1) You needn't water the tomato plants now.
(2)— Need I go there right now — Yes, you must.
(3) You needn’t worry = You don’t need to worry.
(4) If you need go there, please let me know.
2 dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句.过去式dared.
a. How dare you say I’m unfair
b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she
c. If he dare break the rule, he will be punished.
惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我想，大概”。
3、dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
need作实义动词时，注意：need to do：需要做某事，主动
need doing= need to be done需要被做，被动
The house needs repairing.＝The house needs to be repaired.
The elderly man needs / wants /requires looking after every day .
= The elderly man needs / wants / requires to be looked after every day .
1、I dare to swim across this river. 2、He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
3、He needs to finish his homework today.
练习
— What sort of house do you want to have Something big （’陕西高考）
— Well, it ________ be big — that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：
Can you sing Yes, I can. No, I can’t.
May I come in Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.
Must I hand in the book now Yes, you must. No, you needn’t /don’t have to.
Need I finish it now Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答 情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。
完成下列句子：
①—Need I go there now
—Yes，you________． —No，you ________．
②—Must I do my homework
—Yes，you________． —No，you________．
③—May/Might I use your bike
—Yes，you ________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.
—No，you ________．
④—Can/Could you help me carry the bag
—Yes，I ________．
⑤—Will/Would you come to party tonight
—Yes，I________． —Sorry，but I________．
⑥—Shall I tell him about it
—No，you ________. I told him just now.
五、考查情态动词表示推测的功能。
1）can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：注意语气。语气较强时用must，cannot，couldn't；语气较弱时用may，might
可能性的强弱层次
must ＞ should/ought to＞ can/could ＞may/might
表示“推测”的情态动词
肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；
否定句中用can，may，might，could；
疑问句中用can，could。
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
注意时态。
表示对现在或将来情况的推测通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行式”结构；
表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。
情态动词 适用形式 适用时态 意义 语气轻重
must 只用于肯定句 must +do/be must+be doing must+have done 一定，肯定 语气最重
can/ could 常用于疑问句和否定句 cann’t/couldn’t+do/be cann’t /couldn’t+be doing cann’t /couldn’t +have done 可能，能够 语气次之
may/ might 可用于肯定句、否定句 may/ might +do/be may/ might +be doing may/ might +have done 也许，可能 语气最轻
(1) He is in hospital. He can't be at school. (2) Can he be free now
(3) He has a car. He may come by car, but I am not sure.
(4) It is raining so hard. My friend may not come.
(5) The baby doesn't want anything. She must be full.
(6)He may/might be listening to the radio now.
(7)What can they be doing
(8)he must be lying.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①________ he be a policeman
②He ________ be a policeman，but I am not sure.
③He ________ be a policeman，for he is so short.
④He ________ be a policeman，for he is strong and brave.
2）. “情态动词+have done”的用法
构成 用法 举例
must + have done 表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测。must表示推测时，不能用于否定句和疑问句。 The man must have stayed up.
should/ ought to + have done 用于肯定句，表示 “本来应该......的（但实际上却没有......）”，含有责备的意思；用于否定句意思为“本来不该......的（但实际上却已经......了）”。 Perhaps we should have taken the other road. It might have been quicker. You shouldn't/ ought not to have let him do that; he might have got lost.
may/ might + have done 用于肯定句和否定句，表示对过去发生某事的可能性推测，意思为“或许（已经）......” 本来可能……(但实际上没有发生)， He said that she might have missed the plane. 3) He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
cann’t / couldn’t + have done 多用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去某事发生的推测，意思为“不可能（已经）......了 He can't / couldn't have seen her there.
could+have done 用于肯定句，表示本能做某事却没做 You could have helped him.
needn't + have done 表示对过去已经做了某事而后悔，意思为“本来可以不必......的（可实际上却已经......了）”。 We needn't have worried. 我们本不必担心。
will + have done 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。 He will have arrived by now.
should have done
A. 表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：
They left at nine，so they should have arrived(＝probably have arrived) home by now.
B. 表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如： I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish.
用适当的情态动词填空：
①I was really anxious about you. You ________ not have left without a word.
②He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he ________ have scored a goal.
③You ________ not have seen him in the street yesterday，for he has been to Japan.
与情态动词有关的固定短语
①may/might well do 很可能做
may/might (just) as well do 不妨做
②cannot/can never...too＝cannot/can never...enough 越……越好
③would rather do和had better do
④A pencil will do (for sth.)＝A pencil will be suitable (for sth.)
⑤The car won't start.＝The car can't be started.
练习
1、— I’m sorry. I________ at you the other day. — Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
2、As you worked late yesterday, you________ have come this morning.
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
3、The teacher ________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
4、— I can’t find my purse anywhere. — You _______ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
5． She _______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．—Nowadays children have more freedom.
—I agree.They ________ do what they like.
2．—Please don't tell anybody.
—I ________.I promise.
3．When I lived with my roommates in the university，we________ often talk into the night.
4．—Where did you get The Frog written by Mo Yan
—I picked it up from a bookshop online if you ________ know.
5．Students ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6．I know that it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd，but if you ________ happen to see him，give him this packet.
7．—Why does Thomas speak through every discussion but never listen to the others
—That's what he ________ do.We used to hate that，but are used to it now.
8．We can't use it to tie the goods because it ________ be broken at the weakest position.
9．—May I smoke here
—If you ________，choose a seat in the smoking section.
10．—Can you keep a secret
—You ________ worry—I'm not going to mention it to anyone.
Ⅱ.完成句子(利用情态动词完成句子)
1．Judging from the bright smile on his face，he ________(一定已经成功了) in passing the job interview.
2．I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence ________(竟然没有通过) such an easy test.
3．You ________(本不必来) in person；a telephone would have been enough.
4．________(如果我收到) your email，I would have set off two days ago.
5．We all know that we ________(本应该减少) our carbon footprint，but I suspect that many people wouldn't be prepared to go as far as Joan Pick，a retired scientist living in south London.
6．The sleeping baby would be scared ________(如果有) a sudden loud noise.
7．There was something wrong with the network，or the e mail ________(本可以被发出) earlier.
8．For those of you who ________(也许已经错过了) a few very popular articles that came out last week，check out this mail.
9．We ________(本来能够到达) here on time but we were caught in a traffic jam.
10．If you ________(没有离开) home without a word，your parents wouldn't be so worried now.
用适当的情态动词填空
A
W: Adam，how is your knee today Is it still giving you trouble
M: No，it feels a lot better today.If I had not run too fast，I __1__ not have been injured.I went to the doctor and he told me it was not serious，but I __2__ not take any strong activity in a few days.
W: Great! But I advise you __3__ take it easy today.Maybe just practice throwing.You __4__ not do any running any more.
M: OK.__5__ I have any news about Michigan and what __6__ we expect in Saturday's game
W: Yes，I have some films，showing Michigan in the last three games.They are in my office，if you __7__ see them after practice，you can.
M: Oh，that __8__ be great.I'd like to see what we are against.They are one of the top basketball teams in the country now since they beat Iowa last e to think of it，why don't you go ahead and check out the game films right now And just rest that knee this afternoon.I wish you __9__ recover soon.
W: Michigan has a strong team.We are in for a tough one.
M: All right，I __10__ be back tomorrow for full practice.
B
Miss Fang __1__ (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she __2__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You __3__ see a doctor as soon as possible，” she said.“You __4__ need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor __5__ see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she __6__ not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor __7__ take you at about ten to four，” the appointment clerk suggested.
“__8__ I put you down for ten to four，or __9__ you rather come tomorrow？”
Miss Fang thought she __10__ (not) waste any more time.The teacher __11__ be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I __12__ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“__13__ I leave at 3：45 today？I __14__ have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you __15__.”