人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 单元达标检测（word版含答案解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 单元达标检测（word版含答案解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-03 17:46:32 | ||
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单元达标检测
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The best London hotels near Oxford Street
An expert guide to the top London hotels near Oxford Street—eight minutes' walk or less—including the best hotels for their family-friendly services and budget accommodation.
The London EDITION
Soho, London, England
This place is just off Oxford Street in leafy Fitzrovia. It will suit those who want more than a bed for the night. The multifunctional lobby makes a great entrance, though it's the restored ceiling, old not new, that really grabs the attention. The picture-lined restaurant is an equally successful space. The rooms are a bit like being inside a luxurious cigar box, with their wood-panelled walls and artful fur sofa covers adding a feeling of warmth.
The Langham, London
Marylebone, London, England
An advert from the late 19th century declares that the Langham is situated in the “most healthy, convenient and fashionable position in London”. Today this still holds true;the hotel is right in the centre of London. This is one of London's oldest splendid hotels. Everything feels as if it has been running the way it should for a long time. Expect enormous vases of fresh flowers in public areas, oriental furnishings and marble baths are in the rooms. This is also home to Michel Roux Jr's Roux, which offers tasty French cuisine.
The Grazing Goat
Marylebone, London, England
The hotel is located on New Quebec Street, a quiet road lined with clothing shops and beauty salons about three minutes' walk from Oxford Street. There's something of a village feel to this area of London that is difficult to correspond with the tourist groups moments away—but it's most welcome. Rooms have Egyptian cotton beds, Aesop toilets and walls in the color of moss green and steel blue. The food menu offers seasonal British foods with the latest trendy ingredients.
1.In The London EDITION, customers are most likely to be attracted by its .
A.multifunctional lobby
B.restored ceiling
C.luxurious cigar box
D.wood-panelled walls
2.What do The Langham, London and The Grazing Goat have in common
A.They are old grand hotels.
B.They serve delicious French cuisine.
C.They offer fresh flowers in their bedrooms.
D.They are both located in Marylebone, London.
3.Which hotel gives customers the feeling of being in the rural area
A.The London EDITION.
B.The Langham, London.
C.The Grazing Goat.
D.All the above.
B
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds(嗑瓜子)as a snack so much. “I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth. I believe that's from cracking the seeds,” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realize that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be cooking in the kitchen. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it's a delicacy(美味佳肴), and it's connected with their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.
4.Why can't the British friend understand when he found the Chinese love eating sunflower seeds
A.Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B.Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth.
C.Because he doesn't think the seeds are good.
D.Because he doesn't think the seeds are worth eating.
5.What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A.The family members get together for it.
B.Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C.The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D.Children can eat delicious food on that day.
6.What's the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread
A.Indifferent. B.Critical.
C.Understandable. D.Doubtful.
7.What idea does the writer want to express in this passage
A.It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B.Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C.Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D.One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
C
While you are studying or working abroad, sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning. This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt. Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture, values and attitudes. Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behavior in the wrong way. To avoid this, seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don't know you. You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient. Now that you know that people are all different, be understanding when you get to know them. Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot. This will promote communication with them. To get to know each other better, plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time. You can cook meals together, go out to the town, listen to music, take a weekend trip and plan some board games. Moreover, the other person might be from a place where people do not usually do these activities. The opportunities to learn from each other are endless, but sometimes it can take some initiative(主动性) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time. We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe, but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds. So be kind. You don't know where people come from and what their story is.
8.Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture
A.To learn to behave well.
B.To build the sense of independence.
C.To prevent yourself being misunderstood.
D.To gain an insight into other cultures.
9.What can you do for a better understanding of each other
A.Mind your own business in spare time.
B.Suggest some activities to do together.
C.Involve your roommate in what you like.
D.Team up with your roommate in video games.
10.What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph
A.The world is so large and people are different.
B.Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication.
C.People from different cultures should learn from each other.
D.Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures.
11.What can be the best title for the text
A.How to Study or Work Abroad
B.How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates
C.How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners
D.How to Live with People from Different Cultures
D
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing(区分) facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack from the University of Glasgow said that rather than scanning evenly(平均地;均等地) a face as Westerners do, Easterners fixed their attention on the eyes.
“We find that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” said Jack. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, while Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that the communication of human emotions is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that have been considered universally recognizable cannot be used reliably to convey emotions in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the facial movements of 13 Western people and 13 Eastern people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors(错误)than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” said Jack. “Our data suggests that while Westerners use the whole face to convey emotions, Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less.”
In short, the data shows that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotions. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotions. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
12.The discovery shows that Westerners .
A.pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B.consider facial expressions universally reliable
C.observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D.have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
13.What were the 26 participants asked to do in the study
A.Make a face at each other.
B.Get their faces impressive.
C.Classify some face pictures.
D.Observe the researchers' faces.
14.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A.The participants in the study.
B.The researchers of the study.
C.The errors made in the study.
D.The data collected from the study.
15.In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .
A.do translation more successfully
B.study the mouth frequently
C.examine the eyes more attentively
D.read facial expressions more correctly
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here's an imaginary question for you:Would you rather leave your home country and never be allowed to return,or never leave your home country ever again
It's a difficult one! Let's consider the beauty of being at home and the thrill of travelling. I left my home country,Germany,when I was seven to move to England with my family. Now at the age of 21,I've left my second home country,England,to work as an English language assistant in Switzerland. 16
●New friends.
I don't know about you,but I love getting to know new people. Moving abroad is the perfect opportunity to extend your friendship circle and make it global. 17 They'll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own! Time to open your mind and see the world.
● 18
You may learn a language in the classroom environment and learn it well,but nothing compares with fully burying yourself into a foreign language,participating in real-life conversations and picking up authentic slang and sayings from the locals. 19
●Food,glorious food!
The world has so much to offer when it comes to food,so make the most of this new cultural experience and let your stomach guide you. Why not try something completely new Stimulate those taste buds.
20 Perhaps you can surprise your friends with your new-found cooking skills when you see them next time.
A.The opportunity to master a new language.
B.The advantage of mastering a new language.
C.Is it always an exciting experience moving abroad
D.Even better still,let the locals teach you how to make it.
E.You also fully experience the culture tied to the language.
F.These new friends will show you the most fun things to do in your new home.
G.What are the benefits of leaving the home country for a new adventure abroad
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jane Sun, CEO of Group, Asia's largest online travel agency, connects people with the best 21 the world has to offer—China's Great Wall, Australia's remote outback and Italy's ancient ruins. She believes cultural experiences can 22 divides and conflicts, strengthen industries and create peace.
While 23 Peking University, Sun was invited to a program in the University of Florida, where she 24 managed to further her study, majoring in accounting. 25 her fellow students, Sun's life pace was rapid (快速的). She bicycled 6 miles to campus each morning, taking the 26 classes available so she could spend the rest of the day, and Saturdays, working to pay her education fees.
27 , Sun recalls her UF days fondly. “I learned a lot from my experience in the USA,” says Sun.
“Many discussions I had at UF still influence(影响) my style of leadership today. 28 , I have developed appreciation of 29 other persons' different arguments over a certain 30 .”
“I try to put myself in other people's shoes,” says Sun. “In a global market, you have to have a very good understanding of different people and 31 different cultures.”
Now as a mother of two daughters, she shoulders the 32 as the CEO of what is now a $25 billion company and puts tremendous effort into her work.
“Some people ask me why I work so hard, but I feel that mothers are the best role 33 for children,” Sun says. “I show them that to work is actually to 34 yourselves, but if you double your efforts at work and being a 35 , it is doubly rewarding.”
21.A.universities B.firms
C.destinations D.agencies
22.A.bridge B.separate
C.surround D.track
23.A.representing B.guiding
C.exploring D.attending
24.A.finally B.currently
C.especially D.typically
25.A.Instead of B.As well as
C.In comparison with D.In addition to
26.A.most B.fullest
C.busiest D.earliest
27.A.Therefore B.However
C.Besides D.Moreover
28.A.At ease B.By chance
C.In particular D.In general
29.A.denying B.praising
C.hearing D.accepting
30.A.lecture B.culture C.outcome D.issue
31.A.preserve B.respect C.develop D.create
32.A.credit B.blame
C.responsibility D.failure
33.A.models B.performers
C.supporters D.participants
34.A.expose B.adapt
C.challenge D.award
35.A.foreigner B.traveler
C.leader D.mother
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those 36 are not interested in sports, what would be 37 (nice) than having relaxing afternoon tea with a few good friends and taking 38 break
But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea—its origins, what 39 (include), and the proper etiquette(礼仪) We sum up a few things you need to know about this traditional English custom so that you can enjoy it more.
While the tradition of 40 (drink) tea dates back to about 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the concept of “afternoon tea” first 41 (appear) in the UK.
In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, started to ask for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, because she found she was 42 (hunger) at that time every day and the evening meal in her house was served late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult 43 (break) and soon invited other ladies to join her.
This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. 44 the 1880s, the upper class would put on gowns, 45 (glove) and hats for their afternoon tea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,你收到英国笔友Tom发来的一封邮件,得知他最近转入了一所新学校,在新的学校里他没有朋友,感到很孤单。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
1.帮他分析原因;
2.给他提出建议(至少两条);
3.美好祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you feel lonely in your new school.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling(标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule—wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers(障碍); school uniforms tear those barriers down.
As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol(象征) of law and order. The uniform means special duties to the wearer and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.
Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children's “creativity”. Actually, as is noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality. They just copy their classmates. Students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they're in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and mathematics; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B
8.C 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A
15.C 16.G 17.F 18.A 19.E 20.D 21.C
22.A 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.C
29.C 30.D 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了牛津大街附近三家伦敦最好的旅馆的情况,包括地址和特色等。
1.B 细节理解题。根据The London EDITION部分中的The multifunctional lobby makes a great entrance, though it's the restored ceiling, old not new, that really grabs the attention.可知多功能大厅是一个很好的入口,不过,真正吸引人们注意的是修复后的天花板,旧的而不是新的。由此可知,在The London EDITION,顾客最有可能被修复的天花板吸引。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据The Langham, London部分中的Marylebone, London, England以及The Grazing Goat部分中的Marylebone, London, England可知,The Langham,London 和The Grazing Goat的共同之处是它们都位于伦敦的马里波恩。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的There's something of a village feel to this area of London that is difficult to correspond with the tourist groups moments away—but it's most welcome.可知伦敦的这个地区有一种乡村的感觉,由此可知,The Grazing Goat酒店能给客人一种置身于乡村的感觉。故选C。
【高频词汇】1.expert adj.内行的;经验(或知识)丰富的 n.专家
2.accommodation n.住宿 3.equally adv.平等地;同等地
4.luxurious adj.奢侈的;豪华的 5.convenient adj.便利的;方便的 6.enormous adj.巨大的 7.be home to...是……的产地/生息地/栖息地 8.correspond v.相一致,符合
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国人喜欢嗑瓜子而丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼。文章用对比的方式说明饮食习惯与特定的文化有关。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.可知,作者的英国朋友认为瓜子不值得吃,所以当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃瓜子时,他并不理解。故选D。A项“因为瓜子很难嗑”;B项“因为他认为瓜子对牙齿有害”;C项“因为他认为瓜子不好”。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知,春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食, 其中就有瓜子, 邻居和孩子可以在年夜饭前吃, 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子, 由此可知,作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关,故选B。A项“家人们为此聚在一起”;C项“庆祝它的传统消失了”;D项“孩子能够在那天吃美味的食物”。解答本题要联想到上文提到的嗑瓜子这一事情。
6.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话I think it's a wonderful tradition.可知,作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统,由此可知,作者接受这种吃法。A项“冷淡的,漠不关心的”;B项“批判性的”;C项“可理解的”;D项“怀疑的”。故选C。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的They think it's a delicacy, and it's connected with their certain culture. 可知,丹麦人认为这是一种美味佳肴, 这和他们的特定的文化有关。正如中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和春节有关。由此可知,作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点是,饮食习惯来自特定的文化。故选B。A项“养成健康的饮食习惯是很好的”;C项“改变你的饮食习惯会改变你的生活”;D项“一种食物不一定适合每个人”。
【高频词汇】1.crack n.缝隙,裂缝 v.(使)破裂,裂开 2.get together聚会;开会 3.lay out摆开,布置 4.criticize v.批评;批判 5.indifferent adj.漠不关心的 6.critical adj.批判性的
长难句分析
原句 Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
分析 本句是and连接的并列复合句。在第二个并列分句中to check out...为动词不定式短语作目的状语,其中what引导宾语从句。
句意 那时,我们都住得离彼此很近,通常是在一个小城市,并且有时候邻居甚至会在除夕挨家挨户地察看每个家庭在做什么。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要就出国学习或工作时如何与来自不同文化的室友交往提出了几点建议。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behavior in the wrong way.可知别人可能会误解你。根据第二段第三句中的To avoid this和find out more about what type of person you are可知为了避免这种情况的发生,作者建议要了解你是什么样的人,即从了解自己的文化开始,所以C项正确。A项“为了学会表现得体”;B项“为了建立独立感”;D项“为了了解其他文化”。
9.B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句To get to know each other better, plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time.可知可以计划在空闲时间做一些彼此都喜欢的事以增进了解,所以B项正确。A项“在空闲时间管好你自己的事情”和C项“使你的室友加入你喜欢的事”与作者所述观点相反;D项“在电子游戏中和室友合作”,文中并未提及与电子游戏相关的事情。
10.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的最后两句So be kind. You don't know where people come from and what their story is.可知B项正确。A项“世界很大,人们都是不同的”;C项“来自不同文化的人们应该互相学习”;D项“去网上得到有关不同文化的更多信息”。
11.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句中的sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning点明语篇主旨,下文具体介绍了与不同文化背景的人同住时该如何适应,故D项正确。A项“如何在国外学习或工作”,文中提到的“在国外学习或工作”只是为了引出话题,作为标题范围太大;B项“如何了解你室友的文化”;C项“如何和外国人度过愉快的时间”。
【高频词汇】 1.be aware of意识到 2.translate v.理解;翻译 3.seek advice寻求建议;征求意见 4.come across偶然遇见 5.conduct v.实施;执行 6.understanding adj.善解人意的
7.promote v.促进;推动;提升 8.independence n.独立;自立
长难句分析
原句 To avoid this, seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don't know you.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。To avoid this为动词不定式短语作目的状语;to find out more...为动词不定式短语作目的状语,其中what type of person you are和what you might come across...均为what引导的宾语从句,when引导时间状语从句,其中又含有who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people。
句意 为了避免这种情况,从你的朋友和家人那里寻求建议以弄清楚更多关于你是什么类型的人,以及当涉及不认识你的人时,你可能会遇到什么的信息。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。格拉斯哥大学研究显示,东西方人在面部表情识别方面存在差异,该发现被刊登在Current Biology上。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure可知西方人对眼睛和嘴同等重视,故A项正确,C项错误。文中并没有明确的信息指出西方人认为面部表情普遍是可靠的,故B项错误;文中第一段指出People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions ,故D项错误。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry可知参加人员被要求观察带有表情的面部图片并将其分类,故C项正确。A项“对彼此做鬼脸”;B项“让他们的脸给人留下深刻的印象”;D项“观察研究者的脸”。
14.A 推理判断题。前文讲述由东西方各13人参加研究,研究人员将他们在辨别不同面部表情的图片时的面部活动记录了下来。再根据第六段中的Our data suggests that while Westerners...the mouth less.可知东西方人在表达情感时的面部活动有差异,这是通过观察参加人员在参与研究时的面部活动得出的结果,由此可推断出,“they”指代参加研究的人,所以A项正确。
15.C 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes可知研究显示东方人更关注眼睛,故C项正确。由文章的最后一段最后一句Otherwise, when it...Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.可知A项错误;由文章倒数第二段中的Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less可知B项错误;由文章倒数第二段第一句中的Easterners...made significantly more errors than Westerners did可知D项错误。
【高频词汇】 1.rather than而不是 2.fix...on...集中……于…… 3.in equal measure在同等程度上 4.as a result结果
5.convey v.表达;传递 6.observe v.观察;庆祝 7.in short总而言之 8.impressive adj.令人印象深刻的;令人敬佩的
长难句分析
原句 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the facial movements of 13 Western people and 13 Eastern people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。其中介词短语in the recognition of facial expressions作differences的后置定语;by recording...为介词短语作方式状语,其中while they observed pictures of...or angry是时间状语从句,while引导的从句中的they指的就是13 Western people and 13 Eastern people。
句意 研究人员通过记录13个西方人和13个东方人在观察富于表情的面部照片并把它们分为快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶或愤怒这几类时的面部活动,来研究在面部表情识别方面的文化差异。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了离家去国外冒险的益处:可以交新朋友;学习新的语言;享受及学习制作美味的食物。
16.G 本文讲述了去国外冒险的益处,设空处承上启下,故G项“离开祖国去国外进行新的冒险有什么好处 ”符合语境。故选G。
17.F 根据该段的标题New friends及设空处下文They'll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own!可知,这里讲述的是交新朋友的益处,F项“这些新朋友会向你展示你在你的新家里可以做的最有趣的事情。”也说明了交新朋友的益处,符合语境,故选F。
18.A 设空处是段落标题。根据下文You may learn a language in the classroom environment and learn it well,but nothing compares with fully burying yourself into a foreign language,participating in real-life conversations and picking up authentic slang and sayings from the locals.可知,你可以在课堂环境中学习一门语言,并学好它,但没有什么可以与置身于说外语的环境中,参与现实生活中的对话、从当地人那里学到真正的俚语和格言相比。因此推断此处说的是在国外可以让你身临其境地学习一门新语言,A项“掌握一门新语言的机会。”符合语境。故选A。
19.E 分析上文内容可知,此处应是说在国外学习语言的另外一种好处,E项“你也充分体验到与语言紧密相关的文化。”符合语境,故选E。
20.D 设空处前的内容说明了在新文化经历中可以品尝美味的食物,结合设空处下文Perhaps you can surprise your friends with your new-found cooking skills when you see them next time.可推断,D项“甚至更好的是,让当地人教你如何制作它。”符合语境。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.assistant n.助理,助手 adj.助理的 2.extend v.扩展;延长 3.participate in参加 4.make the most of充分利用
5.stimulate v.刺激;鼓励 6.master v.掌握
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍携程集团CEO孙洁在美国留学打拼的经历,以及现在的成就。
21.C 根据本句中的Asia's largest online travel agency以及China's Great Wall, Australia's remote outback and Italy's ancient ruins可知,这家亚洲最大的线上旅行社可将人们和世界各地最佳的旅游目的地联系在一起,故C项正确。
22.A 此处bridge 意为“为……架起桥梁,消除(分歧)”,根据常识可知,文化经历能够作为桥梁,消除分歧和冲突。
23.D attend有“经常去(某处)”之意,与学校连用意为“上学”,此处指她之前在北京大学上学,故D项正确。
24.A finally 最后,终于;currently现在;especially 特别,尤其;typically 通常。根据下文对她留学期间克服困难的描述可知,此处应该表达“最终设法完成了深造”,故A项正确。
25.C in comparison with意为“和……相比”,相当于compared with,依据后文她每天早上骑车六英里去赶最早的课以方便在其余的时间打工可知,与她的同学们相比,孙洁的生活节奏非常快。
26.D 根据后面的so she could spend the rest of the day...working to pay her education fees可推测,她上一天中最早的课为打工腾出时间,故D项正确。
27.B 前文讲述孙洁留学期间克服了很多困难,后文中的I learned a lot from my experience in the USA表示她在留学期间收获很大,设空处前后文之间存在转折关系,故B 项正确。
28.C 空前句讲在佛罗里达大学的讨论至今还影响着孙洁的领导风格,空后内容具体举例说明特别是在哪一方面。at ease自由自在,舒适;by chance偶然,意外;in particular 尤其,特别;in general 总的来说。所以C项正确。
29.C 根据后文的In a global market, you have to have a very good understanding of different people and 31 different cultures.可知孙洁在讨论过程中学会了倾听其他人的不同观点,故C项正确。
30.D issue在此处意为“争论的问题”,different arguments over a certain issue 意为“对于某个问题的不同论点”。
31.B 空前的have a very good understanding of different people (很好地理解不同的人)与respect different cultures(尊重不同的文化)逻辑相符,构成并列关系,故B项正确。
32.C shoulder可作动词,意为“肩负”, shoulders the responsibility as the CEO意为“肩负起首席执行官的职责”。credit学分,贷款,信誉;blame责备;failure失败。
33.A 由空后的 I show them...可知孙洁作为母亲要作孩子们的行为榜样。 role model行为榜样。故A项正确。
34.C 此处指工作实际上就是挑战自己,故C项正确。
35.D 前文提到孙洁既是两个孩子的母亲,也是CEO,此处指如果你在工作和为人母亲方面都加倍努力,得到的回报也会加倍。故D项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.strengthen v.加强;增强 2.major in主修
3.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的 4.shoulder v.肩负 n.肩膀 5.rewarding adj.令人有所收获的;令人满意的
6.bridge v.为……架起桥梁,消除(分歧) n.桥,桥牌 7.in comparison with...与……相比较 8.in particular尤其;特别
9.model n.模范;模型;模特儿
长难句分析
原句 While attending Peking University, Sun was invited to a program in the University of Florida, where she finally managed to further her study, majoring in accounting.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While后省略了Sun was,是时间状语从句的省略形式;where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the University of Florida, majoring in accounting为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句意 在北京大学上学期间,孙洁被邀请参加佛罗里达大学的一个项目,在那里她最终设法完成了深造,主修会计专业。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式下午茶的起源。
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:但是对于那些对运动不感兴趣的人,有什么比和几个好朋友一起享受令人放松的下午茶、休息一下更好的呢 分析句子的结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。故填who。
37.nicer 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空后的than可知,此处应使用nice的比较级作表语。故填nicer。
38.a 考查冠词。take a break意为“休息一下”,是固定短语。故填a。
39.is included 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:但是你熟悉下午茶文化吗——它的起源、内容以及正确的礼仪 此空是名词性从句中的谓语动词,结合语境可知此处描述下午茶的内容,应用一般现在时,且主语是what“什么”,和动词include“包括”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is included。
40.drinking 考查动名词。句意:虽然喝茶的传统在中国可以追溯到公元前3000年左右,但是“下午茶”的概念直到17世纪中期才第一次出现在英国。分析句子的结构可知,此处要用动名词作介词of的宾语,故填drinking。
41.appeared 考查动词的时态。主句是not...until...的强调句型,分析句子结构可知此空作谓语,根据时间状语not until the mid-17th century可知,应用一般过去时,故填appeared。
42.hungry 考查形容词。句意:1840年,第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜·玛丽亚·罗素开始在每天下午四点要一个盛有黄油、面包以及蛋糕的茶盘,因为她发现自己每天那个时候都会饿,并且她家的晚餐供应得晚,是在晚上8点。此空放在was后,应该用形容词作表语,故填hungry。
43.to break 考查动词不定式。句意:她发现中断这个新的习惯很难,然后很快她就邀请另外一些女士加入她。在“be+性质形容词+to do”结构中,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,故填to break。此处difficult to break作的是宾语补足语。
44.During/In 考查介词。句意:在19世纪80年代,上等阶层的人会穿上长礼服,戴上手套和帽子享用下午茶。年代前应该用介词,during/in the 1880s意为“在19世纪80年代”,故填During或In。
45.gloves 考查名词复数。glove为可数名词,且在此处和gowns、hats并列作put on的宾语,所以要用名词复数形式,故填gloves。
【高频词汇】1.relaxing adj.令人放松的 2.origin n.起因;起源 3.sum up总结;概括 4.date back to追溯到 5.serve v.提供;端上;接待;服务
长难句分析
原句 In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, started to ask for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, because she found she was hungry at that time every day and the evening meal in her house was served late at 8 pm.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。其中Anna Maria Russell是主句的主语,the seventh Duchess of Bedford是其同位语;started是主句的谓语动词;because引导原因状语从句,在从句中and连接两个并列分句。
句意 1840年,第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜·玛丽亚·罗素开始在每天下午四点要一个盛有黄油、面包以及蛋糕的茶盘,因为她发现自己每天那个时候都会饿,并且她家的晚餐供应得晚,是在晚上8点。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you feel lonely in your new school. As a new student, it is natural for you to find it difficult to adapt to the new environment in the beginning.
Here are some suggestions that I hope can help you. First, don't worry. Although you are not familiar with the other students there, time and patience will make you feel at home. Second, perhaps you are just not used to the lifestyle there at present, so you should try to adapt yourself to the new environment. Third, go out to get actively involved in some after-school activities, where you can find some students who share the same interests with you. I believe you will make good friends soon.
Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
写作指导
A.语篇内容解读
本文是一篇议论文。文章采取总分结构,主要讨论了校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处,但也有些人对穿校服不满,作者对此提出了自己的观点进行反驳,间接说明了校服的好处。
B.文章脉络分析
C.写作建议
写作步骤:寻找关键词;确定主题句;挖掘要点,重构主题句。
1.本文中的关键词:School uniforms、benefits、are against、remind、creativity。它们是本文的基础和核心。
2理解本文的结构,确定主题句:
(1)文章主题句:
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A.
(2)段落主旨:
①第一段引出话题:校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处。(School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A, because they offer many benefits.)
②第二段指出,有些人反对严格的校服规定,但校服满足了学生想穿得和同学一样的愿望,这可以消除社会障碍。(Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students want to look just like their friends. School uniforms satisfy this wish of students and can tear social barriers down.)
③第三段指出,校服是对目标和责任的提醒,而学校的校服提醒学生接受教育是他们的主要任务。(Uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties, and school uniforms remind students that their task is to get an education.)
④第四段指出,一些家长认为让孩子穿校服会影响他们的创造力,但真正的创造力是建立在他们通过学校教育掌握知识和技能的基础上的。(Some parents think uniforms will discourage students' creativity. But the real creativity is based on students' knowledge and skills through education.)
3.书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点,使上下句之间具有连贯性。
One possible version:
School uniforms prevail throughout the U.S.A. as they benefit students a lot.(要点1)While some people are opposed to them, school uniforms satisfy students' desire to dress similarly like their classmates, which can end social barriers. (要点2)Uniforms are a reminder of purposes and responsibilities, and school uniforms remind students receiving an education is their major task. (要点3)Some parents blame kids' being less creative on wearing uniforms, but real creativity is based on their mastery of knowledge and skills through schooling.(要点4)
25
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The best London hotels near Oxford Street
An expert guide to the top London hotels near Oxford Street—eight minutes' walk or less—including the best hotels for their family-friendly services and budget accommodation.
The London EDITION
Soho, London, England
This place is just off Oxford Street in leafy Fitzrovia. It will suit those who want more than a bed for the night. The multifunctional lobby makes a great entrance, though it's the restored ceiling, old not new, that really grabs the attention. The picture-lined restaurant is an equally successful space. The rooms are a bit like being inside a luxurious cigar box, with their wood-panelled walls and artful fur sofa covers adding a feeling of warmth.
The Langham, London
Marylebone, London, England
An advert from the late 19th century declares that the Langham is situated in the “most healthy, convenient and fashionable position in London”. Today this still holds true;the hotel is right in the centre of London. This is one of London's oldest splendid hotels. Everything feels as if it has been running the way it should for a long time. Expect enormous vases of fresh flowers in public areas, oriental furnishings and marble baths are in the rooms. This is also home to Michel Roux Jr's Roux, which offers tasty French cuisine.
The Grazing Goat
Marylebone, London, England
The hotel is located on New Quebec Street, a quiet road lined with clothing shops and beauty salons about three minutes' walk from Oxford Street. There's something of a village feel to this area of London that is difficult to correspond with the tourist groups moments away—but it's most welcome. Rooms have Egyptian cotton beds, Aesop toilets and walls in the color of moss green and steel blue. The food menu offers seasonal British foods with the latest trendy ingredients.
1.In The London EDITION, customers are most likely to be attracted by its .
A.multifunctional lobby
B.restored ceiling
C.luxurious cigar box
D.wood-panelled walls
2.What do The Langham, London and The Grazing Goat have in common
A.They are old grand hotels.
B.They serve delicious French cuisine.
C.They offer fresh flowers in their bedrooms.
D.They are both located in Marylebone, London.
3.Which hotel gives customers the feeling of being in the rural area
A.The London EDITION.
B.The Langham, London.
C.The Grazing Goat.
D.All the above.
B
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds(嗑瓜子)as a snack so much. “I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth. I believe that's from cracking the seeds,” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware. I realize that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be cooking in the kitchen. Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, ready-made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China. When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath. They think it's a delicacy(美味佳肴), and it's connected with their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.
4.Why can't the British friend understand when he found the Chinese love eating sunflower seeds
A.Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B.Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth.
C.Because he doesn't think the seeds are good.
D.Because he doesn't think the seeds are worth eating.
5.What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A.The family members get together for it.
B.Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C.The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D.Children can eat delicious food on that day.
6.What's the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread
A.Indifferent. B.Critical.
C.Understandable. D.Doubtful.
7.What idea does the writer want to express in this passage
A.It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B.Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C.Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D.One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
C
While you are studying or working abroad, sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning. This is a situation to which it will take some time to adapt. Here are some tips to make the process go smoother.
Start by being aware of your own culture, values and attitudes. Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behavior in the wrong way. To avoid this, seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don't know you. You might also consider conducting a little research about what type of stereotypes (成见) other cultures might hold about the people of your own country.
Be understanding and patient. Now that you know that people are all different, be understanding when you get to know them. Try to be open-minded so that you can start off on the right foot. This will promote communication with them. To get to know each other better, plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time. You can cook meals together, go out to the town, listen to music, take a weekend trip and plan some board games. Moreover, the other person might be from a place where people do not usually do these activities. The opportunities to learn from each other are endless, but sometimes it can take some initiative(主动性) to actually make it happen.
People are more similar than you think most of the time. We grow up in such a large world with so much information everywhere and sometimes we can be misled into thinking something that we should not believe, but we have the opportunity to make up our own minds. So be kind. You don't know where people come from and what their story is.
8.Why does the author suggest being aware of your own culture
A.To learn to behave well.
B.To build the sense of independence.
C.To prevent yourself being misunderstood.
D.To gain an insight into other cultures.
9.What can you do for a better understanding of each other
A.Mind your own business in spare time.
B.Suggest some activities to do together.
C.Involve your roommate in what you like.
D.Team up with your roommate in video games.
10.What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph
A.The world is so large and people are different.
B.Being friendly is good for cross-cultural communication.
C.People from different cultures should learn from each other.
D.Go to the Internet to get more information about different cultures.
11.What can be the best title for the text
A.How to Study or Work Abroad
B.How to Learn Cultures of Your Roommates
C.How to Have a Good Time with Foreigners
D.How to Live with People from Different Cultures
D
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing(区分) facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack from the University of Glasgow said that rather than scanning evenly(平均地;均等地) a face as Westerners do, Easterners fixed their attention on the eyes.
“We find that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” said Jack. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, while Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that the communication of human emotions is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that have been considered universally recognizable cannot be used reliably to convey emotions in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the facial movements of 13 Western people and 13 Eastern people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors(错误)than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” said Jack. “Our data suggests that while Westerners use the whole face to convey emotions, Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less.”
In short, the data shows that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotions. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotions. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
12.The discovery shows that Westerners .
A.pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B.consider facial expressions universally reliable
C.observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D.have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
13.What were the 26 participants asked to do in the study
A.Make a face at each other.
B.Get their faces impressive.
C.Classify some face pictures.
D.Observe the researchers' faces.
14.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A.The participants in the study.
B.The researchers of the study.
C.The errors made in the study.
D.The data collected from the study.
15.In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .
A.do translation more successfully
B.study the mouth frequently
C.examine the eyes more attentively
D.read facial expressions more correctly
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here's an imaginary question for you:Would you rather leave your home country and never be allowed to return,or never leave your home country ever again
It's a difficult one! Let's consider the beauty of being at home and the thrill of travelling. I left my home country,Germany,when I was seven to move to England with my family. Now at the age of 21,I've left my second home country,England,to work as an English language assistant in Switzerland. 16
●New friends.
I don't know about you,but I love getting to know new people. Moving abroad is the perfect opportunity to extend your friendship circle and make it global. 17 They'll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own! Time to open your mind and see the world.
● 18
You may learn a language in the classroom environment and learn it well,but nothing compares with fully burying yourself into a foreign language,participating in real-life conversations and picking up authentic slang and sayings from the locals. 19
●Food,glorious food!
The world has so much to offer when it comes to food,so make the most of this new cultural experience and let your stomach guide you. Why not try something completely new Stimulate those taste buds.
20 Perhaps you can surprise your friends with your new-found cooking skills when you see them next time.
A.The opportunity to master a new language.
B.The advantage of mastering a new language.
C.Is it always an exciting experience moving abroad
D.Even better still,let the locals teach you how to make it.
E.You also fully experience the culture tied to the language.
F.These new friends will show you the most fun things to do in your new home.
G.What are the benefits of leaving the home country for a new adventure abroad
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jane Sun, CEO of Group, Asia's largest online travel agency, connects people with the best 21 the world has to offer—China's Great Wall, Australia's remote outback and Italy's ancient ruins. She believes cultural experiences can 22 divides and conflicts, strengthen industries and create peace.
While 23 Peking University, Sun was invited to a program in the University of Florida, where she 24 managed to further her study, majoring in accounting. 25 her fellow students, Sun's life pace was rapid (快速的). She bicycled 6 miles to campus each morning, taking the 26 classes available so she could spend the rest of the day, and Saturdays, working to pay her education fees.
27 , Sun recalls her UF days fondly. “I learned a lot from my experience in the USA,” says Sun.
“Many discussions I had at UF still influence(影响) my style of leadership today. 28 , I have developed appreciation of 29 other persons' different arguments over a certain 30 .”
“I try to put myself in other people's shoes,” says Sun. “In a global market, you have to have a very good understanding of different people and 31 different cultures.”
Now as a mother of two daughters, she shoulders the 32 as the CEO of what is now a $25 billion company and puts tremendous effort into her work.
“Some people ask me why I work so hard, but I feel that mothers are the best role 33 for children,” Sun says. “I show them that to work is actually to 34 yourselves, but if you double your efforts at work and being a 35 , it is doubly rewarding.”
21.A.universities B.firms
C.destinations D.agencies
22.A.bridge B.separate
C.surround D.track
23.A.representing B.guiding
C.exploring D.attending
24.A.finally B.currently
C.especially D.typically
25.A.Instead of B.As well as
C.In comparison with D.In addition to
26.A.most B.fullest
C.busiest D.earliest
27.A.Therefore B.However
C.Besides D.Moreover
28.A.At ease B.By chance
C.In particular D.In general
29.A.denying B.praising
C.hearing D.accepting
30.A.lecture B.culture C.outcome D.issue
31.A.preserve B.respect C.develop D.create
32.A.credit B.blame
C.responsibility D.failure
33.A.models B.performers
C.supporters D.participants
34.A.expose B.adapt
C.challenge D.award
35.A.foreigner B.traveler
C.leader D.mother
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those 36 are not interested in sports, what would be 37 (nice) than having relaxing afternoon tea with a few good friends and taking 38 break
But are you familiar with the culture of afternoon tea—its origins, what 39 (include), and the proper etiquette(礼仪) We sum up a few things you need to know about this traditional English custom so that you can enjoy it more.
While the tradition of 40 (drink) tea dates back to about 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the concept of “afternoon tea” first 41 (appear) in the UK.
In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, started to ask for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, because she found she was 42 (hunger) at that time every day and the evening meal in her house was served late at 8 pm. She found this new habit difficult 43 (break) and soon invited other ladies to join her.
This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. 44 the 1880s, the upper class would put on gowns, 45 (glove) and hats for their afternoon tea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华,你收到英国笔友Tom发来的一封邮件,得知他最近转入了一所新学校,在新的学校里他没有朋友,感到很孤单。请你给他回复邮件,内容包括:
1.帮他分析原因;
2.给他提出建议(至少两条);
3.美好祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you feel lonely in your new school.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling(标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the “wrong” clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule—wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers(障碍); school uniforms tear those barriers down.
As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol(象征) of law and order. The uniform means special duties to the wearer and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.
Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children's “creativity”. Actually, as is noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality. They just copy their classmates. Students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they're in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and mathematics; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B
8.C 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A
15.C 16.G 17.F 18.A 19.E 20.D 21.C
22.A 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.C
29.C 30.D 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了牛津大街附近三家伦敦最好的旅馆的情况,包括地址和特色等。
1.B 细节理解题。根据The London EDITION部分中的The multifunctional lobby makes a great entrance, though it's the restored ceiling, old not new, that really grabs the attention.可知多功能大厅是一个很好的入口,不过,真正吸引人们注意的是修复后的天花板,旧的而不是新的。由此可知,在The London EDITION,顾客最有可能被修复的天花板吸引。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据The Langham, London部分中的Marylebone, London, England以及The Grazing Goat部分中的Marylebone, London, England可知,The Langham,London 和The Grazing Goat的共同之处是它们都位于伦敦的马里波恩。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的There's something of a village feel to this area of London that is difficult to correspond with the tourist groups moments away—but it's most welcome.可知伦敦的这个地区有一种乡村的感觉,由此可知,The Grazing Goat酒店能给客人一种置身于乡村的感觉。故选C。
【高频词汇】1.expert adj.内行的;经验(或知识)丰富的 n.专家
2.accommodation n.住宿 3.equally adv.平等地;同等地
4.luxurious adj.奢侈的;豪华的 5.convenient adj.便利的;方便的 6.enormous adj.巨大的 7.be home to...是……的产地/生息地/栖息地 8.correspond v.相一致,符合
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国人喜欢嗑瓜子而丹麦人喜欢吃面包配咸红鱼。文章用对比的方式说明饮食习惯与特定的文化有关。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.可知,作者的英国朋友认为瓜子不值得吃,所以当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃瓜子时,他并不理解。故选D。A项“因为瓜子很难嗑”;B项“因为他认为瓜子对牙齿有害”;C项“因为他认为瓜子不好”。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知,春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食, 其中就有瓜子, 邻居和孩子可以在年夜饭前吃, 作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子, 由此可知,作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关,故选B。A项“家人们为此聚在一起”;C项“庆祝它的传统消失了”;D项“孩子能够在那天吃美味的食物”。解答本题要联想到上文提到的嗑瓜子这一事情。
6.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话I think it's a wonderful tradition.可知,作者认为丹麦人吃面包配咸红鱼是一个很好的传统,由此可知,作者接受这种吃法。A项“冷淡的,漠不关心的”;B项“批判性的”;C项“可理解的”;D项“怀疑的”。故选C。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的They think it's a delicacy, and it's connected with their certain culture. 可知,丹麦人认为这是一种美味佳肴, 这和他们的特定的文化有关。正如中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和春节有关。由此可知,作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点是,饮食习惯来自特定的文化。故选B。A项“养成健康的饮食习惯是很好的”;C项“改变你的饮食习惯会改变你的生活”;D项“一种食物不一定适合每个人”。
【高频词汇】1.crack n.缝隙,裂缝 v.(使)破裂,裂开 2.get together聚会;开会 3.lay out摆开,布置 4.criticize v.批评;批判 5.indifferent adj.漠不关心的 6.critical adj.批判性的
长难句分析
原句 Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
分析 本句是and连接的并列复合句。在第二个并列分句中to check out...为动词不定式短语作目的状语,其中what引导宾语从句。
句意 那时,我们都住得离彼此很近,通常是在一个小城市,并且有时候邻居甚至会在除夕挨家挨户地察看每个家庭在做什么。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要就出国学习或工作时如何与来自不同文化的室友交往提出了几点建议。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Understand that people who have not grown up in the same country or context as you can sometimes translate some of your behavior in the wrong way.可知别人可能会误解你。根据第二段第三句中的To avoid this和find out more about what type of person you are可知为了避免这种情况的发生,作者建议要了解你是什么样的人,即从了解自己的文化开始,所以C项正确。A项“为了学会表现得体”;B项“为了建立独立感”;D项“为了了解其他文化”。
9.B 细节理解题。由第三段第五句To get to know each other better, plan to spend some time doing what each of you likes to do in your spare time.可知可以计划在空闲时间做一些彼此都喜欢的事以增进了解,所以B项正确。A项“在空闲时间管好你自己的事情”和C项“使你的室友加入你喜欢的事”与作者所述观点相反;D项“在电子游戏中和室友合作”,文中并未提及与电子游戏相关的事情。
10.B 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的最后两句So be kind. You don't know where people come from and what their story is.可知B项正确。A项“世界很大,人们都是不同的”;C项“来自不同文化的人们应该互相学习”;D项“去网上得到有关不同文化的更多信息”。
11.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句中的sharing an apartment with people from other cultures is a great way of getting the most out of a period from the beginning点明语篇主旨,下文具体介绍了与不同文化背景的人同住时该如何适应,故D项正确。A项“如何在国外学习或工作”,文中提到的“在国外学习或工作”只是为了引出话题,作为标题范围太大;B项“如何了解你室友的文化”;C项“如何和外国人度过愉快的时间”。
【高频词汇】 1.be aware of意识到 2.translate v.理解;翻译 3.seek advice寻求建议;征求意见 4.come across偶然遇见 5.conduct v.实施;执行 6.understanding adj.善解人意的
7.promote v.促进;推动;提升 8.independence n.独立;自立
长难句分析
原句 To avoid this, seek advice from your friends and family to find out more about what type of person you are and what you might come across when it comes to people who don't know you.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。To avoid this为动词不定式短语作目的状语;to find out more...为动词不定式短语作目的状语,其中what type of person you are和what you might come across...均为what引导的宾语从句,when引导时间状语从句,其中又含有who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people。
句意 为了避免这种情况,从你的朋友和家人那里寻求建议以弄清楚更多关于你是什么类型的人,以及当涉及不认识你的人时,你可能会遇到什么的信息。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。格拉斯哥大学研究显示,东西方人在面部表情识别方面存在差异,该发现被刊登在Current Biology上。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure可知西方人对眼睛和嘴同等重视,故A项正确,C项错误。文中并没有明确的信息指出西方人认为面部表情普遍是可靠的,故B项错误;文中第一段指出People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions ,故D项错误。
13.C 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry可知参加人员被要求观察带有表情的面部图片并将其分类,故C项正确。A项“对彼此做鬼脸”;B项“让他们的脸给人留下深刻的印象”;D项“观察研究者的脸”。
14.A 推理判断题。前文讲述由东西方各13人参加研究,研究人员将他们在辨别不同面部表情的图片时的面部活动记录了下来。再根据第六段中的Our data suggests that while Westerners...the mouth less.可知东西方人在表达情感时的面部活动有差异,这是通过观察参加人员在参与研究时的面部活动得出的结果,由此可推断出,“they”指代参加研究的人,所以A项正确。
15.C 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes可知研究显示东方人更关注眼睛,故C项正确。由文章的最后一段最后一句Otherwise, when it...Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.可知A项错误;由文章倒数第二段中的Easterners use the eyes more and the mouth less可知B项错误;由文章倒数第二段第一句中的Easterners...made significantly more errors than Westerners did可知D项错误。
【高频词汇】 1.rather than而不是 2.fix...on...集中……于…… 3.in equal measure在同等程度上 4.as a result结果
5.convey v.表达;传递 6.observe v.观察;庆祝 7.in short总而言之 8.impressive adj.令人印象深刻的;令人敬佩的
长难句分析
原句 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the facial movements of 13 Western people and 13 Eastern people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, or angry.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。其中介词短语in the recognition of facial expressions作differences的后置定语;by recording...为介词短语作方式状语,其中while they observed pictures of...or angry是时间状语从句,while引导的从句中的they指的就是13 Western people and 13 Eastern people。
句意 研究人员通过记录13个西方人和13个东方人在观察富于表情的面部照片并把它们分为快乐、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶或愤怒这几类时的面部活动,来研究在面部表情识别方面的文化差异。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了离家去国外冒险的益处:可以交新朋友;学习新的语言;享受及学习制作美味的食物。
16.G 本文讲述了去国外冒险的益处,设空处承上启下,故G项“离开祖国去国外进行新的冒险有什么好处 ”符合语境。故选G。
17.F 根据该段的标题New friends及设空处下文They'll also be able to give you a new perspective on life as they share their view of the world—which is likely to be very different from your own!可知,这里讲述的是交新朋友的益处,F项“这些新朋友会向你展示你在你的新家里可以做的最有趣的事情。”也说明了交新朋友的益处,符合语境,故选F。
18.A 设空处是段落标题。根据下文You may learn a language in the classroom environment and learn it well,but nothing compares with fully burying yourself into a foreign language,participating in real-life conversations and picking up authentic slang and sayings from the locals.可知,你可以在课堂环境中学习一门语言,并学好它,但没有什么可以与置身于说外语的环境中,参与现实生活中的对话、从当地人那里学到真正的俚语和格言相比。因此推断此处说的是在国外可以让你身临其境地学习一门新语言,A项“掌握一门新语言的机会。”符合语境。故选A。
19.E 分析上文内容可知,此处应是说在国外学习语言的另外一种好处,E项“你也充分体验到与语言紧密相关的文化。”符合语境,故选E。
20.D 设空处前的内容说明了在新文化经历中可以品尝美味的食物,结合设空处下文Perhaps you can surprise your friends with your new-found cooking skills when you see them next time.可推断,D项“甚至更好的是,让当地人教你如何制作它。”符合语境。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.assistant n.助理,助手 adj.助理的 2.extend v.扩展;延长 3.participate in参加 4.make the most of充分利用
5.stimulate v.刺激;鼓励 6.master v.掌握
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍携程集团CEO孙洁在美国留学打拼的经历,以及现在的成就。
21.C 根据本句中的Asia's largest online travel agency以及China's Great Wall, Australia's remote outback and Italy's ancient ruins可知,这家亚洲最大的线上旅行社可将人们和世界各地最佳的旅游目的地联系在一起,故C项正确。
22.A 此处bridge 意为“为……架起桥梁,消除(分歧)”,根据常识可知,文化经历能够作为桥梁,消除分歧和冲突。
23.D attend有“经常去(某处)”之意,与学校连用意为“上学”,此处指她之前在北京大学上学,故D项正确。
24.A finally 最后,终于;currently现在;especially 特别,尤其;typically 通常。根据下文对她留学期间克服困难的描述可知,此处应该表达“最终设法完成了深造”,故A项正确。
25.C in comparison with意为“和……相比”,相当于compared with,依据后文她每天早上骑车六英里去赶最早的课以方便在其余的时间打工可知,与她的同学们相比,孙洁的生活节奏非常快。
26.D 根据后面的so she could spend the rest of the day...working to pay her education fees可推测,她上一天中最早的课为打工腾出时间,故D项正确。
27.B 前文讲述孙洁留学期间克服了很多困难,后文中的I learned a lot from my experience in the USA表示她在留学期间收获很大,设空处前后文之间存在转折关系,故B 项正确。
28.C 空前句讲在佛罗里达大学的讨论至今还影响着孙洁的领导风格,空后内容具体举例说明特别是在哪一方面。at ease自由自在,舒适;by chance偶然,意外;in particular 尤其,特别;in general 总的来说。所以C项正确。
29.C 根据后文的In a global market, you have to have a very good understanding of different people and 31 different cultures.可知孙洁在讨论过程中学会了倾听其他人的不同观点,故C项正确。
30.D issue在此处意为“争论的问题”,different arguments over a certain issue 意为“对于某个问题的不同论点”。
31.B 空前的have a very good understanding of different people (很好地理解不同的人)与respect different cultures(尊重不同的文化)逻辑相符,构成并列关系,故B项正确。
32.C shoulder可作动词,意为“肩负”, shoulders the responsibility as the CEO意为“肩负起首席执行官的职责”。credit学分,贷款,信誉;blame责备;failure失败。
33.A 由空后的 I show them...可知孙洁作为母亲要作孩子们的行为榜样。 role model行为榜样。故A项正确。
34.C 此处指工作实际上就是挑战自己,故C项正确。
35.D 前文提到孙洁既是两个孩子的母亲,也是CEO,此处指如果你在工作和为人母亲方面都加倍努力,得到的回报也会加倍。故D项正确。
【高频词汇】 1.strengthen v.加强;增强 2.major in主修
3.available adj.可获得的;可购得的;可找到的 4.shoulder v.肩负 n.肩膀 5.rewarding adj.令人有所收获的;令人满意的
6.bridge v.为……架起桥梁,消除(分歧) n.桥,桥牌 7.in comparison with...与……相比较 8.in particular尤其;特别
9.model n.模范;模型;模特儿
长难句分析
原句 While attending Peking University, Sun was invited to a program in the University of Florida, where she finally managed to further her study, majoring in accounting.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。While后省略了Sun was,是时间状语从句的省略形式;where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the University of Florida, majoring in accounting为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句意 在北京大学上学期间,孙洁被邀请参加佛罗里达大学的一个项目,在那里她最终设法完成了深造,主修会计专业。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式下午茶的起源。
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:但是对于那些对运动不感兴趣的人,有什么比和几个好朋友一起享受令人放松的下午茶、休息一下更好的呢 分析句子的结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。故填who。
37.nicer 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及空后的than可知,此处应使用nice的比较级作表语。故填nicer。
38.a 考查冠词。take a break意为“休息一下”,是固定短语。故填a。
39.is included 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:但是你熟悉下午茶文化吗——它的起源、内容以及正确的礼仪 此空是名词性从句中的谓语动词,结合语境可知此处描述下午茶的内容,应用一般现在时,且主语是what“什么”,和动词include“包括”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is included。
40.drinking 考查动名词。句意:虽然喝茶的传统在中国可以追溯到公元前3000年左右,但是“下午茶”的概念直到17世纪中期才第一次出现在英国。分析句子的结构可知,此处要用动名词作介词of的宾语,故填drinking。
41.appeared 考查动词的时态。主句是not...until...的强调句型,分析句子结构可知此空作谓语,根据时间状语not until the mid-17th century可知,应用一般过去时,故填appeared。
42.hungry 考查形容词。句意:1840年,第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜·玛丽亚·罗素开始在每天下午四点要一个盛有黄油、面包以及蛋糕的茶盘,因为她发现自己每天那个时候都会饿,并且她家的晚餐供应得晚,是在晚上8点。此空放在was后,应该用形容词作表语,故填hungry。
43.to break 考查动词不定式。句意:她发现中断这个新的习惯很难,然后很快她就邀请另外一些女士加入她。在“be+性质形容词+to do”结构中,用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,故填to break。此处difficult to break作的是宾语补足语。
44.During/In 考查介词。句意:在19世纪80年代,上等阶层的人会穿上长礼服,戴上手套和帽子享用下午茶。年代前应该用介词,during/in the 1880s意为“在19世纪80年代”,故填During或In。
45.gloves 考查名词复数。glove为可数名词,且在此处和gowns、hats并列作put on的宾语,所以要用名词复数形式,故填gloves。
【高频词汇】1.relaxing adj.令人放松的 2.origin n.起因;起源 3.sum up总结;概括 4.date back to追溯到 5.serve v.提供;端上;接待;服务
长难句分析
原句 In 1840, Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, started to ask for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at 4 pm every day, because she found she was hungry at that time every day and the evening meal in her house was served late at 8 pm.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。其中Anna Maria Russell是主句的主语,the seventh Duchess of Bedford是其同位语;started是主句的谓语动词;because引导原因状语从句,在从句中and连接两个并列分句。
句意 1840年,第七世贝德福德公爵夫人安娜·玛丽亚·罗素开始在每天下午四点要一个盛有黄油、面包以及蛋糕的茶盘,因为她发现自己每天那个时候都会饿,并且她家的晚餐供应得晚,是在晚上8点。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you feel lonely in your new school. As a new student, it is natural for you to find it difficult to adapt to the new environment in the beginning.
Here are some suggestions that I hope can help you. First, don't worry. Although you are not familiar with the other students there, time and patience will make you feel at home. Second, perhaps you are just not used to the lifestyle there at present, so you should try to adapt yourself to the new environment. Third, go out to get actively involved in some after-school activities, where you can find some students who share the same interests with you. I believe you will make good friends soon.
Looking forward to your good news.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
写作指导
A.语篇内容解读
本文是一篇议论文。文章采取总分结构,主要讨论了校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处,但也有些人对穿校服不满,作者对此提出了自己的观点进行反驳,间接说明了校服的好处。
B.文章脉络分析
C.写作建议
写作步骤:寻找关键词;确定主题句;挖掘要点,重构主题句。
1.本文中的关键词:School uniforms、benefits、are against、remind、creativity。它们是本文的基础和核心。
2理解本文的结构,确定主题句:
(1)文章主题句:
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A.
(2)段落主旨:
①第一段引出话题:校服在美国越来越受欢迎,因为校服有很多好处。(School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U.S.A, because they offer many benefits.)
②第二段指出,有些人反对严格的校服规定,但校服满足了学生想穿得和同学一样的愿望,这可以消除社会障碍。(Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students want to look just like their friends. School uniforms satisfy this wish of students and can tear social barriers down.)
③第三段指出,校服是对目标和责任的提醒,而学校的校服提醒学生接受教育是他们的主要任务。(Uniforms remind the wearers of their purposes and duties, and school uniforms remind students that their task is to get an education.)
④第四段指出,一些家长认为让孩子穿校服会影响他们的创造力,但真正的创造力是建立在他们通过学校教育掌握知识和技能的基础上的。(Some parents think uniforms will discourage students' creativity. But the real creativity is based on students' knowledge and skills through education.)
3.书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点,使上下句之间具有连贯性。
One possible version:
School uniforms prevail throughout the U.S.A. as they benefit students a lot.(要点1)While some people are opposed to them, school uniforms satisfy students' desire to dress similarly like their classmates, which can end social barriers. (要点2)Uniforms are a reminder of purposes and responsibilities, and school uniforms remind students receiving an education is their major task. (要点3)Some parents blame kids' being less creative on wearing uniforms, but real creativity is based on their mastery of knowledge and skills through schooling.(要点4)
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