人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture课件（62张ppt）

(共62张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1.　　　　 n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
2.　　　　 adj.先前的;优先的
3.　　　　 n.烹饪法;食谱
4.　　　　 n.厨师;主厨
5.　　　　 vt.填满;把……塞进 n.东西;物品
6.　　　　 n.(切下的食物)薄片 vt.把……切成薄片
7.　　　　 n.最小值;最少量 adj.最低(限度)的;最小的
8.　　　　 n.脾气;火气
9.　　　　 n.品牌
10.　　　　 n.(尤指烹饪)材料;成分
cuisine
prior
recipe
chef
stuff
slice
minimum
temper
brand
ingredient
11.　　　　 n.(饭后)甜点
12.　　　　 n.食堂;餐厅
13.　　　　 n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
14.　　　　 adv.有点;稍微
15.　　　　 n.夫人;女士
16.　　　　 n.卡路里(热量单位)
17.　　　　 adv.不顾;不加理会
18.　　　　 n.类别;种类
19.　　　　 n.纤维;纤维制品
20.　　　　 n.数量;数额
21.　　　　 vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎 n.咀嚼
22.　　　　 adj.一致的;连续的
dessert
canteen
cafeteria
somewhat
madam
calorie
regardless
category
fibre
quantity
chew
consistent
23.　　　　 n.诀窍;计谋;把戏
24.　　　　 adv.总体上;大致上 adj.全面的;综合的
trick
overall
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.pepper n.　　　　
2.bold adj.　　　　
3.peppercorn n.　　　　
4.vinegar n.　　　　
5.onion n.　　　　
6.lamb n.　　　　
7.dim sum n.　　　　
8.vegetarian n.　　　　
9.junk n.　　　　
10.garlic n.　　　　
11.bacon n.　　　　
甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
大胆自信的；敢于冒险的
胡椒粒
醋
洋葱；葱头
羊羔肉；羔羊
点心（中国食品）
素食者
无用的东西
蒜
熏猪肉；咸肉
12.ham n.　　　　
13.sausage n.　　　　
14.cabbage n.　　　　
15.bean curd n.　　　　
16.olive n.　　　　
17.fig n.　　　　
18.dough n.　　　　
19.haggis n.　　　　
20.bun n.　　　　
21.chilli n.　　　　
22.pork n.　　　　
23.pearl n.　　　　
火腿
香肠；腊肠
甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
豆腐
油橄榄；橄榄树
无花果
生面团
（苏格兰）羊杂碎肚
圆面包；小圆甜饼
辣椒
猪肉
珍珠
24.vitamin n.　　　　
25.dairy adj.　　　　 n.　　 　　
26.moderation n.　　　　
27.modest adj.　　　　
维生素
奶制的；乳品（业）的
乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂
适度；合理
些许的；谦虚的；朴素的
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1.　　　　 adj.精美的;讲究的;文雅的→　　　　 n.高雅;典雅;优雅
2.　　　　 adj.特别的;罕见的→　　　　 n.例外;一般情况以外的人(或事
物)→　　　　 conj.除了;只是 prep.除……之外
3.　　　　 vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗→　　　　 n.消费者;顾客;用户→　　 　　 n.
消费;消耗;消耗量
4.　　　　 adj.稳定的;稳重的→　　　　 n.稳定(性);稳固(性)
5.　　　　 n.协会;关联→　　　　 v.联系;联想
6.　　　　 adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)→　　　　
n.想法;构思;主意
7.　　　　 adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则→　 　　　
adv.根本上;完全地;从根本上说
elegant
elegance
exceptional
exception
except
consume
consumer
consumption
stable
stability
association
associate
ideal
idea
fundamental
fundamentally
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　 把……与……联系起来
2.　　　　　　　　 描述,涉及,与……相关;参考,查阅;提到,谈及
3.　　　　　　　　 在……之前的
4.　　　　　　　　 由……组成(或构成)
5.　　　　　　　　 另一方面
6.　　　　　　　　 结果;因此
7.　　　　　　　　 至少
8.　　　　　　　　 垃圾食品
9.　　　　　　　　 切下
10.　　　　　　　　 有助于;捐献;导致;促成
11.　　　　　　　　 出发;动身;引发;使爆炸
relate...to...
refer to
prior to
consist of
on the other hand
as a result
at a minimum/at least
junk food
slice...off
contribute to
set off
12.　　　　　　　　 不管;不顾
13.　　　　　　　　 换句话说
14.　　　　　　　　 以做某事而结束
15.　　　　　　　　 此外
16.　　　　　　　　 思路正确;做法对路
17.hand in hand 　　　　　　　　
18.earn one's living　　　　　　　　
19.switch off　　　　
20.as to　　　　　　　　
21.make up　　　　 　　　　
22.cut down on　　　　　　 　　
23.cut out 　　　　　　　　
regardless of
in other words
end up doing sth.
in addition
on the right track
密切关联;手拉手
谋生
关上
关于
组成；弥补；化妆；编造
削减，缩小（尺寸、数量或数目）
停止做（或使用、食用）
24.quantities of　　　　　　　　
25.as with　　　　　　　　
大量的；许多
正如
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.人如其食。
You are 　　　　　　 .
2.另一方面,它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。
On the other hand, it 　　　　　 us a lot about Americans.
3.后来,通过来中国我有机会体验真正的中国食物。
Later, I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food 　　　　　　　　　 .
4.又累又饿,而且一个汉字也不认识,我们不知道如何点餐,于是厨师就开始在我
们桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。
　　　　 ,　　　　 ,and 　　　　　　　 a word of Chinese, we had no idea
how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
what you eat
does tell
by coming to China
Tired
hungry
not knowing
5.然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非如此多的高脂肪食物,而
实际上是糖。
However, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the real driver of poor health is not
so much fatty food, 　　　　 sugar.
6.最后,健康饮食的基本要诀是慢慢吃。
Finally, a fundamental key to healthy eating is 　　　　　　　 .
7.决定想要如何生活,以及如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你。
　　　　　　　　　　　 how you want to live, and to make the right decisions
about your diet.
there is increasing evidence that
as it is
to eat slowly
It is up to you to decide
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which
consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.
分析:which引导的是　　　　　　 从句,修饰General Tso's chicken。两个过去
分词短语covered in a sweet sauce和flavoured with hot red peppers作　　　 ,
修饰fried chicken。
句意:例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡,这道菜是由裹着甜酱、配以辛辣
的红辣椒调味的炸鸡构成的。
2.It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where mak-
ing dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone—from the youngest to
the oldest—joining in to help.
分析:句中　　　　 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词North China;从句的主
非限制性定语
后置定语
where
语是　　　　　 短语making dumplings;with everyone...to help是“with+宾语+宾
语补足语”的复合结构,作定语修饰affair,此结构中from the youngest to the oldest
是everyone的同位语,现在分词短语joining in to help作宾语补足语,与宾语之间为
主动关系。
句意:它已经成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物,在华北地区,包饺子一直是一
件家庭大事,从最年幼的到最年长的,每个人都加入进来帮忙。
3.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 1
00—150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in
one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
分析:句中that引导　　　 从句,关系代词　　　　 引导非限制性定语从句,what
引导　　　 从句作than的宾语。
句意:美国心脏协会建议我们每天从糖中摄取的热量应限制在100—150卡路里以
下,这要少于一罐甜饮料或一根糖果棒通常所含的热量。
动名词
宾语
which
宾语
Ⅴ.必备语法
过去完成时及其被动语态
1.Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in Ameri-
ca, with Chinese food that 　　　　　　　　 (change) to suit American tastes.
2.When my family and I 　　 just 　　　　 (arrive) in China, we went looking
for a good place to eat in Beijing.
3.A Sichuan restaurant 　　 　　　　　　 (recommend) to us by a friend, and
finally, we found it.
4.The chef 　　　　 (set) up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was
published.
had been changed
had
arrived
had been recommended
had set
　　　　　　consist of由……组成(或构成)
For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which
consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.(教
材P26)
例如,在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡,这道菜是由裹着甜酱、配以辛辣的红
辣椒调味的炸鸡构成的。
情景导学
(Global Times, 2020年10月)He also stressed that the investors of Chinese companies
consisted of many global investors, particularly US investors.他还强调,中国企业的
投资者包括许多全球投资者,尤其是美国投资者。
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The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划妙就妙在简单。
归纳拓展
①consist　　　　 在于;存在于
②make up组成,构成
③be made up of由……组成/构成
in
单句语法填空
1-1 (2019天津,阅读理解C, )Most food webs, for instance, consist 　　　　
many weak links rather than a few strong ones.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:例如,大多数食物网都是由许多疏远的关系组成的,
而不是一些紧密的关系。consist of意为“由……组成”。
1-2 (2018北京,阅读理解C改编, )So far there is no effective way to get rid of
plastic, but a new study suggests an answer may consist 　　　　 the stomachs of
some hungry worms.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:到目前为止,还没有有效的方法摆脱塑料,但是一项
新的研究表明解决办法可能存在于一些饥饿的幼虫的胃里。consist in存在于。
故填in。
of
in
句型转换
1-3 (2019浙江,七选五, )Rock music consists of many different styles.
→Rock music 　　　　　　　 many different styles.
is made up of
　　　　　　consume vt.吃;喝;饮;消耗
At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their
region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.(教材P27)
至少,当地人所吃的食物的种类告诉我们,他们在自己的地区种植什么、他们过
着什么样的生活,以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。
情景导学
The company said imported products from the United States, Japan and Germany
were the most popular with consumers shopping via JD Worldwide.
该公司称来自美国、日本和德国的进口产品最受通过京东全球购来购物的消费
者的欢迎。
The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the U.S.
这些法律已导致美国的燃料消耗降低。
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归纳拓展
①　　　　 n.消费者;顾客;用户
②　　　　 n.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗,消耗量;消费
consumer
consumption
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D改编, )What we can expect of the glowing plants
in the future is that they might help reduce energy 　 　　　 (consume).
解析　考查名词。句意:我们可以期待的是这些发光的植物在未来有可能会有助
于降低能源消耗。设空处作宾语,意为“消耗”,故用名词consumption。
2-2 (2019江苏,任务型阅读, )In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2%~
3%of total body weight, but it 　　　　 (consume) 25% of the body's energy when
the body is at rest.
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:在现代人类中,大脑约占总体重的2%
~3%,但当身体休息时,它会消耗身体25%的能量。该空为but后的分句的谓语动
词,根据语境及前一分句的时态可知此处应该用一般现在时,由分句的主语it可知
此处应用单数形式。
consumption
consumes
2-3 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, )Chinese models are the faces of beauty and
fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chi-
nese women are not just 　　　　 (consume) of fashion—they are central to its
movement.
解析　考查词性转换及名词单复数。句意:中国模特是美和时尚活动的代言人,
这些活动向世界各地的女性推销梦想,这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者
——她们是时尚运动的核心。根据句意可知此处指消费者,再由空前面的Chi-
nese women可知此处应填名词复数consumers。
consumers
　　　　　　association n.协会;关联
And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through
sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 1
0% a day(Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014).(教材P32)并且在美
国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是那些日摄取
量低于10%的人的两倍(《美国医学会杂志》,2014)。
情景导学
This trains your mind to associate that type of persistent negativity with something
unpleasant.这会训练你的大脑将那类持续的消极情绪与一些不开心的事联系起
来。
You might not expect such a frightening dream to be associated with something joy-
ful.你大概不会想到这么可怕的梦会与快乐的事有关。
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归纳拓展
①in association with...与……联合
②associated adj.有关联的;相关的
③be 　　　　 with...与……有关;与……相关联的
④associate vt.联想;联系 vi.交往
⑤associate...　　　　 ...把……和……联系在一起
associated
with
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )Bamboo plants are associated 　　　　 health,
abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great presents.
解析　考查介词。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。它们
很容易被打理,也很适合作为礼物。be associated with与……相关联的。
3-2 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )As a result, she says, some of the injuries
　 　　 (associate)with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among
race walkers.
解析 考查形容词短语作后置定语。句意:她说,因此,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比
如跑步者的膝盖(损伤),在竞走者中并不常见。associated作形容词,意为“有关联
的”,此处应填形容词,构成形容词短语(associated with running)作后置定语,修饰
injuries。
with
associated
3-3 (2019北京,阅读理解A改编, )You can do all the three things with the help
of Global Development 　　 　　 (associate)(GDA).
解析　考查词性转换。句意:你可以在全球发展协会(GDA)的帮助下做所有这三
件事。由句意可知此处应用名词,再由Global Development的形式可知此处应填
Association。
3-4 (2017 北京,阅读理解D, )A machine with a specific purpose has another
quality, one that we usually associate 　　　　 living things: a wish to preserve
its own existence.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:一台有特定目标的机器有另一种特征,我们通常把
这种特征与生物联系在一起:希望保护自身的存在。associate...with...意为“把…
…与……联系在一起”。句中that引导定语从句,且在从句中作associate的宾语。
Association
with
　　　　　　regardless of 不管;不顾
This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.(教材P32)
这是真的,不管他们其余的饮食可能是多么健康。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年11月)It's fortunate that some precious heritage, such as Hutong
and Siheyuan, is being preserved, regardless of the modern development.
幸运的是,不管现代发展如何,胡同和四合院等一些珍贵遗产都得到了保护。
归纳拓展
regardless of后可接　　　　 、代词、动名词或　　　　 。
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名词
宾语从句
翻译句子
4-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,书面表达, )不顾感染的危险,李叔叔对工作负责,尽心尽
力。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted
to his job.
单句语法填空
4-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )Thus, the keyboard can determine people's
identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's
connected to—regardless of 　　　　 someone gets the password right.
解析　考查宾语从句。句意:因此,这种键盘可以确定人们的身份,进一步讲,就是
决定他们是否有权访问与其相连的计算机——不管这个人是否正确输入密码。
regardless of 后面可以接宾语从句,根据句意可以判断此处应用whether(是否)。
whether
　　　　　　quantity n.数量;数额
Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt,
and fat than fresh ingredients. (教材P32)
加工食品通常包含较少的营养,并且比新鲜食材含有更多的糖分、盐和脂肪。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年11月)The quantity of online goods ordered during the Singles'
Day shopping event this year touched a record high.今年双十一购物节网上商品的
订购量创了最高纪录。
Quantities of food/nuts were on the table.桌子上有大量的食物/坚果。
A large quantity of apples were sold out.大量的苹果被售出。
A quantity of cash has gone missing.一大笔现金不见了。
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归纳拓展
①in quantity 大量;大宗
②a (large) quantity of=　　　　　　 大量的;许多的
③a quantity of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。它和其后的名词构成短语作主
语时,其谓语动词的单复数通常和of后的名词的数保持一致。如果是接不可数名
词,则谓语动词用　　　 形式;如果是接可数名词复数,则谓语动词用　　 形式。
④quantities of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词都用　　　
形式。
⑤注意“数量”和“质量”的拼写分别是quantity和quality。
quantities of
单数
复数
复数
单词拼写
5-1 (2019浙江,概要写作, )Experts say that the 　　　　 (质量) of praise is
more important than the 　　　　 (数量).
单句语法填空
5-2 (2019北京,阅读理解D, )“Not only are the 　　　　 (quantity) of phy-
toplankton(浮游植物) in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phyto-
plankton is changing.”
解析　考查名词单复数。句意:她说:“不仅海洋中的浮游植物的数量在变化,而
且浮游植物的种类也在改变。”not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句且not
only置于句首时, not only所在的分句要用部分倒装,由Not only后的are可以判断
此处应该填名词复数。故填quantities。
quality
quantity
quantities
5-3 (2016北京,阅读理解C, )When condors(秃鹰) eat dead bodies of other ani-
mals containing lead, they absorb large 　　　　 (quantity) of lead.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:当秃鹰吃其他含铅动物的尸体时,它们会吸收大量
的铅。quantities of意为“大量的;许多的”,后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名
词。
5-4 ( )A large quantity of money 　　　　 (spend) on improving people's liv-
ing conditions last year.
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:去年大量的钱花在了改善人们的生活
条件上。money是不可数名词,根据a quantity of的用法可知,此处谓语动词应该用
单数形式。由last year可知此处应用一般过去时。money与spend之间是被动关
系,故填was spent。
quantities
was spent
5-5 ( )With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth 　　
(be) being washed away each year.
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:随着更多的森林正在被破坏,每年有
大量的优质土壤被冲走。主语为quantities of后接不可数名词构成的短语时,谓语
动词通常用复数形式。由时间状语each year可知填are。
are
　　　　　　consistent adj.一致的;连续的;始终如一的
In addition,studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals
a day at the same time each day, are better for our health.(教材P32)此外,研究表明,
固定的饮食习惯对我们的健康更好,例如,每天在固定时间吃三顿饭。
情景导学
The injuries are consistent with falling from a great height.
这些伤符合从很高的地方坠落的特征。
归纳拓展
①be consistent　　　　 与……一致;与……相符
②consistently adv.始终如一地;一贯地;一致地;持续地
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with
单句语法填空
6-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )Remember, even world champion athletes
practice their skills on a 　　　　 (consist)basis.
解析　考查形容词。句意:记住,即使是世界冠军运动员也要始终如一地练习他
们的技能。设空处作定语修饰其后的名词basis,故用形容词consistent,意为“始
终如一的”。
6-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )Modern methods of tracking polar bear popu-
lations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform
　　　 　 (consistent) over a large area.
解析　考查副词。句意:现代化的追踪北极熊数量的方法从20世纪80年代中期才
开始被采用,而且大面积持续执行起来费用很高。perform是动词,因此此处应该
用副词修饰。
consistent
consistently
　　　　　　trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈 adj.骗人的
There is no one trick to healthy eating.(教材P32)
健康饮食没有诀窍。
情景导学
We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me.
我们正捉弄一个一直打扰我的人。
His family tricked him into going to Pakistan, and once he was there, they took away
his passport.他的家人骗他去了巴基斯坦,他一到那里,他们就拿走了他的护照。
归纳拓展
①trick sb. 　　　　　　 sth.骗某人做某事
②play a trick/tricks 　　　　 sb.捉弄某人
|
into doing
on
单句语法填空
7-1 (2020江苏,32, )This actor often has the first two 　　　　 (trick) planned
before performing, and then goes for whatever.
解析　考查名词单复数。句意:这位演员经常在表演之前就计划好了前两招,然
后就选择任意发挥。trick作名词,意为“把戏”,在此处由the first two修饰,故用
复数形式。
7-2 (2019北京,阅读理解C, )This means, for example, that a scammer(骗子)
could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice
that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you 　　　　 “confirming”
your address, mother's name, and card number.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:例如,这意味着一个骗子可以用一个看起来很熟悉的
号码给你打电话,并用听起来完全像你的银行出纳员的声音跟你说话,骗你“确认”你的地址、母亲姓名和卡号。trick sb. into doing sth.骗某人做某事。故填into。
tricks
into
　　　　　　what引导名词性从句
You are what you eat.(教材P26)
人如其食。
情景导学
It turned out that the technology could not provide enough experience for customers,
so I'm looking forward to what those technologies can do for this puzzle game indus-
try.
结果发现,这项技术无法为客户提供足够的体验,所以我很期待那些技术能为这
个益智游戏行业做些什么。
What troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news.
最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息。
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归纳拓展
what用作连接代词,用来引导　　　　 从句、　　　　 从句和　　　　 从
句,同时也在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。根据不同的语境,what可以表
示不同的意思,例如“……的东西或事情”“……的样子”等。
主语
宾语
表语
单句语法填空
1-1(2020浙江,语法填空, )Over thousands of years, they began to depend less
on　　　　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they
had raised and crops they had sown.
解析　考查宾语从句。句意:几千年来,他们开始较少地依赖狩猎或从野外采集
食物,更多地依靠自己饲养的动物和播种的庄稼为生。　　　　 could be hunt-
ed or gathered from the wild作depend on的宾语,且设空处表示“……的东西”,故
用连接词what,what在从句中作主语。
1-2 (2019北京,语法填空C, )　　　　 students do at college seems to matter
much more than where they go.
解析　考查主语从句。句意:学生们在大学里做的事似乎比他们去哪里(上大学)
重要得多。设空处引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语,指的是做的事,故填What。
what
What
1-3 (2019江苏,阅读理解B, )It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone
was volcanic in nature — that's 　　　　 accounted for all its hot springs and oth-
er steamy features.
解析　考查表语从句。句意:人们早就知道黄石公园在本质上是火山——那就是
它所有温泉和其他蒸汽特征的原因。分析句子可知,设空处引导表语从句,且在
从句中作主语,故用连接词what。
what
　　　　　　形容词(短语)和分词作状语
Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so
the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(教材P26)
又累又饿,而且一个汉字也不认识,我们不知道如何点餐,于是厨师就开始在我们
桌上摆满食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。
情景导学
Shocked and frightened, she let the glass fall from her hand.
由于受到惊吓,她手中的玻璃杯掉了下来。(形容词短语作原因状语)
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
She was lying in bed, awake.
她躺在床上,醒着。(形容词作伴随状语)
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Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听到这个消息,他们都高兴得跳了起来。
归纳拓展
①形容词(短语)作状语时可表示原因、伴随或方式等,主要说明主语的　　　 、
　　　　 等。
②过去分词作状语时,其表示的动作和其逻辑主语之间是　　　　 关系。
③现在分词作状语时,其表示的动作和其逻辑主语之间是　　　　 关系。
状态
特点
被动
主动
单句语法填空
2-1 (2019课标全国Ⅲ, 语法填空, )On the last day of our week-long stay,we
were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under
the stars,　　　　 (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们被邀请
去参加一个私人音乐会,在北岸一个美丽的农场的星空下,听音乐家(演奏)并结识
有趣的当地人。本句谓语为“were invited”,所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。
listen与we之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。
2-2 (2016北京,28, )　　　　 (order)over a week ago, the books are expected
to arrive any time now.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:(因为)那些书是一个多星期前订的,预计现在随时
会到。books和order之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,构成过去分词短语作
原因状语。
listening
Ordered
2-3 ( )　　　　 (able) to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he
knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone!
解析　考查形容词短语作状语。句意:由于不能看到远处,他意外地拐出了小
路。Nicholas还没反应过来,就迷路了,孤身一人! 设空处的逻辑主语为he,结合句
意可知,此处表示“不能够的”,故填形容词Unable,构成形容词短语作原因状
语。
完成句子
2-4 ( )积极并且乐观,她是那种通过微笑向人们传播欢乐的女性。
　　　　　　　　　　 , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people
through her smile.
Unable
Active and optimistic
　　　　　　There is evidence+that从句 有证据表明……
However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so
much fatty food, as it is sugar.(教材P32)
然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非如此多的高脂肪食物,而实
际上是糖。
情景导学
I've come from Jack with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.
我从杰克那里来,他让我告诉你,他今天下午不能来看你了。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到敌人可能已
经逃出城了。
The teacher gave us advice that we (should) make a plan.
老师给我们提出了我们应该制订一个计划的建议。
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I know about all the facts that he told me last night.
我知道他昨晚告诉我的所有事实。
归纳拓展
①在教材原句中that引导的是　　　　 从句。此时that在从句中不充当成分且
无词汇意义,只起连接作用,但不能省略。另外,whether、what、who、how、
when等也可以引导同位语从句。
②常见的可以跟同位语从句的名词有: 　　　　 、advice、 demand、sugges-
tion、information、news、idea、fact、promise、decision、 question、 doubt、
　　　 、hope、possibility等。
③在某些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词,如advice、demand、suggestion等,
后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“　　　　　　　　 ”结构,
其中　　　　 可以省略。
同位语
message
thought
(should+)动词原形
should
④同位语从句与定语从句的区别:引导同位语从句的连接词在从句中不作成分,
而引导定语从句的关系词在从句中充当成分。
单句语法填空
3-1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )While they are rare north of 88°, there is evi-
dence 　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James
Bay in Canada.
解析　考查同位语从句。句意:虽然它们在北纬88度以北很少见,但有证据表明,
它们在整个北极地区活动,而且向南远至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。分析句子结构可
知,设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的内容,且同位语从句结构和意思完
整,故填that。
3-2 (2019江苏,25, )Scientists have obtained more evidence 　　　　 plastic
is finding its way into the human body.
解析　考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得塑料正在偶然进入人体的更多证
据。设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的内容,且从句中不缺成分,意思完
整,故用that。
that
that
3-3 ( )The next day, we got a disappointing message　　　　 another buyer
had offered a much higher price.
解析　考查同位语从句。句意:第二天,我们收到一个令人失望的消息,另一个买
家报出了一个更高的价格。空后的内容就是解释说明空前message的内容,所以,
此处是同位语从句,从句不缺成分,意思完整。故用连接词that。
3-4 ( )Please send us all the information 　　　　 you have about the candi-
date for the position.
解析　考查定语从句。句意:请把你掌握的有关这个岗位人选的所有信息发给我
们。分析句子成分可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词information,从句中动
词have后缺少宾语,且information由不定代词all修饰,故用关系代词that。
that
that
完成句子
3-5 (2016天津,11, )经理提出一个建议——我们应该有个助手。有太多的工
作要做。
The manager put forward 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 an assistant. There is
too much work to do.
翻译句子
3-6 (2018江苏,书面表达, )毫无疑问,在消费中完全依赖评级是不明智的。
(评级rating [C]n.)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
a suggestion that we should have
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in
consumption.
过去完成时及其被动语态
　过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作(即“过去的过
去”)。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成,其被动形式为had been done。常用
过去完成时的几种情况有:
观察1
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
The class had begun when I got to the school.
We hadn't seen each other since he left Nanjing.
By nine o'clock he had worked for seven hours.
归纳1
过去完成时常用于表示在过去的某个时间或动作之前已完成的动作,即
①　　 　 ;还可表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到这个时间为止的动作。
观察2
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
I had thought we might travel as far as Oak Valley,but we only managed the first lap
of the journey.
I had wished festival activities should attract her, but they didn't work.
归纳2
表示②　　 　　 的希望、打算、意图、诺言等常用had hoped/planned/
meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等。
过去的过去
过去未曾实现
观察3
She had hardly had time to sit and have a rest when the phone rang again.
No sooner had I arrived home than the bell rang.
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
归纳3
过去完成时的常用句型:
(1)表示“某人第几次做某事”:
在It/This/That was the first/second/third/...time that sb. had done sth.句型中,主句用
③　 　　　 ,从句用④　　 　　 。
(2)表示“一……就……”:
在had hardly/scarcely+过去分词...when...、had no sooner+过去分词...than...句型
中,主句用⑤　 　　　 ,从句用⑥　 　　　 。
当hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
观察4
He went to Wuhan last week.
The bus had already left by the time she arrived.
归纳4
一般过去时与过去完成时的区别:一般过去时表示动作在过去的某个时间发生,
也表示在过去经常性或习惯性的动作。过去完成时表示动作在过去某个时间或
动作之前已经完成,即过去的过去。使用过去完成时一定是以⑦　　　　 的某
个时间为参照点,而一般过去时是以⑧　　　　 的时间为参照点。
过去
现在
单句语法填空
1.(2020全国Ⅱ,完形填空, )He hung them above the same table he 　　　　
(move)from Turin.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:他把它们挂在了他从都灵搬来的同一张桌子的上
方。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词,其表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的
动作之前,表示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。
2.(2020天津,完形填空, )Jones got the idea after he 　　　　 (talk) with an
elderly lady who 　 　　　 (cheat) of her money.
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。 句意:琼斯在和一个被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后
想到了这个主意。根据连词after可知,两处动作发生在主句谓语动词got之前,表
示“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时,第二空是定语从句的谓语动词,动词cheat与
先行词lady之间为被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。
had moved
had talked
had been cheated
3.(2020江苏,完形填空, )When Wilson returned home from hospital two months
later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal with the catastrophe(灾难) that
　　 　 (happen)to their lives.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找
到一种方法来应对这场发生在他们生命中的灾难。设空处为定语从句的谓语,表
示的动作发生在主句谓语动词attempted表示的动作之前,属于过去的过去,故用
过去完成时。
4.(2019天津,2, )I 　　　　 (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on
his marriage,but I couldn't manage it.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:我本来希望寄给彼得一个礼物以祝贺他结婚了,
可是我没能做到。设空处表示的动作发生在couldn't manage之前,属于过去的过
去,故用过去完成时。
had happened
had hoped
5.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
　　 　　 (recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐
了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。shared与设空处由and连接,两者是并列
关系,所以设空处也应用一般过去时,故填recommended。
6.(2019江苏,29, )A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith
　　 (fall) in love with the people and culture there.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的
人和文化。设空处表示发生在had arrived之后的动作,应用一般过去时。
recommended
fell
7.(2019天津,8, )Amy, as well as her brothers,　　　　 (give) a warm wel-
come when returning to the village last week.
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:上周埃米和她的兄弟们回到村
里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用一般过去时。当并列的主语由
as well as连接时,谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致。本句主语与动
词give构成被动关系,故填was given。
8.(2018北京,9, )A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who
　　 　 (trap) in the mountains for two days.
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。句意:一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已
经在山中被困了两天的游客。根据主句的谓语动词risked可知事情发生在过去,
而“被困”发生在risked之前,故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two
tourists,与动词trap之间是被动关系,因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。
was given
8.had been trapped
单句改错
9.(2020浙江,语法填空, )By about 6000 BC, people discovered the best crops to
grow and animals to raise.
解析　考查动词的时态。句意:到了大约公元前6000年,人们就已经发现了最适
合种植的庄稼和最适合饲养的动物。根据By about 6000 BC可知,此处“发现”
这一动作是过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,故用过去完成时。
完成句子
10.(2020天津,书面表达, )在成人仪式上,校长祝贺我们步入成人阶段,并回顾
我们所经历的成长时期。
During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping in-
to the adult, 　　　　　　　 .
discovered前加上had
reviewing the growth period that we had experienced