(共72张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. n.航空公司
2. n.(海或湖的)湾
3. n.古物;古董 adj.古老的;古董的
4. vi.(arose,arisen)起身;出现;由……引起
5. adj.巨大的;非常严重的
6. adj.准备前往(某地);一定会
7. adj.令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
8. n.顶峰;山峰;尖形
9. n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目
10. n.山羊
airline
bay
antique
arise
massive
bound
awesome
peak
highlight
goat
11. vi.& vt.钻(孔);打(眼)n.钻(头);训练;演习
12. n.束;串;捆
13. n.霜;严寒天气;霜冻 vt.使蒙上霜 vi.结霜
14. n.窗帘
15. n.国界;边界(地区)
16. n.持续时间;期间
17. vi.& vt.(使)加入;注册;登记
18. n.习语;成语
19. adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)
20. adv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过;反正
21. prep.在……旁边;与……一起 adv.在旁边
22. vi.行进;继续做
drill
bunch
frost
curtain
border
duration
enrol/enroll
idiom
contrary
anyhow
alongside
proceed
23. n.岸;滨
24. n.钢;钢铁工业
25. n.黄昏;傍晚
26. n.口音
27. vt.欠(账、债、情等)
28. n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯 vt.为……干杯 vi.烤(尤指面包)
shore
steel
dusk
accent
owe
toast
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.craft n.
2.scenery n.
3.spectacular adj. n.
4.grizzly bear n.
5.mall n.
6.prairie n.
7.harbour n.
8.quarry n.
9.cobblestone adj.
10.coherent adj.
手艺;工艺;技艺
风景;景色
壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的
壮丽的场面;精彩的表演
灰熊
购物商场;购物广场
北美草原
(海)港;港口
采石场
铺有鹅卵石的
有条理的;清楚易懂的
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. adj.令人愉快的;友好的→ v.使高兴;使满意;使愉快 →
adj.高兴的,开心的,乐意的→ n.愉快;高兴
2. adv.字面上;真正地→ adj.按字面意思的;字面上的
3. n.呼吸的空气→ vi.& vt.呼吸
4. vi.& vt.结冰;(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的;冰冻的
5. vt.预料;预见;期望→ n.预期,预料;期待
6. vi.打雷;轰隆隆地响;轰隆隆地快速移动 n.雷声;轰隆声→
adj.声音很大的,雷鸣般的;怒气冲冲的
7. vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊→ adj.感到吃惊的 →
adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的→ n.惊讶
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
literally
literal
breath
breathe
freeze
freezing
anticipate
anticipation
thunder
thunderous
astonish
astonished
astonishing
astonishment
8. n.薄雾;水汽→ adj.多雾的;模糊的
9. n.广告;启事→ v.登广告;宣传;做广告→ n.
广告商;广告客户
10. n.摄影师;拍照者→ n.摄影;摄影术→ n.
相片vt.拍照
mist
misty
advertisement
advertise
advertiser
photographer
photography
photograph
Ⅱ.重点短语
1. 一路上;一直
2. 令人惊叹
3. 一束;一串;一群;大量
4. 覆盖着……
5. 准备前往(某地)
6. 获利;得益
7. 打发时间
8. 根据;以……为基础
9. 相反的;相对立的
10. 进而做(参加)
all the way
take sb.’s breath away
a bunch of
be covered with
be bound for
make a profit
kill time
be based on
contrary to
proceed to sth.
11. 在远处
12. 和……对比;与……截然不同
13. 欠(某人情);把……归功于某人
14. 利用
15.by rail
16.in addition to
17.be home to...
18.all in all
19.be unique to...
20.be fascinated by...
21.later on
in the distance
in contrast to
owe sth. to sb.
make use of
乘火车
除……之外(还)
是……的产地/栖息地
总的来说;总之
是……特有的
被……迷住
后来;稍后
22.note down
23.dress up
24.be suitable for...
记下;记录
装扮
适合……
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华,然后再坐火车,而不是全程乘坐商务航班。
travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vanco-
uver and then take the train.
2. 在她们(在温哥华)的第一天,就像温哥华的典型情况一样,下雨了。
During their first day, is typical of Vancouver, it rained.
3.尽管天气不好,她们还是乘船进入了海湾,接着游览了一座岛,岛上有精致的店
铺,出售手工艺品和古董。
Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit
an island that had wonderful shops crafts and antiques.
Rather than
as
selling
4.埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, -10℃.
5.由于天气太冷,不能出门,埃德蒙顿是许多购物广场的所在地。
Since it can be cold go outdoors, Edmonton is home to
many shopping malls.
6.直到上午9点半,她们才终于到达安大略省的省会多伦多。(对not...until...的强
调)
It was 9:30 a.m. they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.
7.她们站在远处,看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震
撼。
in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds
from the great Niagara Falls, is on the south side of the lake.
with daily temperatures averaging
too
to
not until
that
Standing
rising
which
8.一百多年来,不断有中国人来到这里。
Chinese people here for more than a hundred years.
have been coming
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the
blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.
分析:When引导时间状语从句;where引导 ,修饰先行词Lake
Louise,关系词在从句中作 。
句意:在火车到站以后,她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,
真的令她们惊叹不已。
2.The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and
there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada.
分析:该句中第三个and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中,介词短语outside their
windows作 ;第二个分句是一个主从复合句,confirming...是现在分词短
语作结果状语,后接 引导的 从句。
非限制性定语从句
地点状语
后置定语
that
宾语
句意:她们窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橙色,地面盖着一层霜,证明秋
天已经来到了加拿大。
3.After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in
Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg
of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city.
分析:该句中so连接了两个并列的分句。在第一个分句中,After引导时间状语从
句,the largest...in Canada是Toronto的 ,hours后接不定式作 ,
before引导时间状语从句。
句意:李黛予和表妹来到多伦多这个加拿大最大、最富有的城市后,离出发到下
一站蒙特利尔之前只有几个小时的时间,因此她们就在多伦多逛了逛。
同位语
后置定语
Ⅴ.必备语法
过去分词作表语和状语(与动词-ing形式的比较)
1.The next day was clear and mild, and they were (please) to see the
beautiful mountains looking out over the city.
2. (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada
looked massive.
3. (look) at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most
awesome journey they had ever taken.
4.Sadly, the TV programmes that day were really (bore).
pleased
Seen
Looking
boring
pleasant adj.令人愉快的;友好的
Later, they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away. (教材P38)随后,
她们在不远处的森林里愉快地徒步旅行。
情景导学
It is a great pleasure to know that Chang'e 5 lands on the lunar surface successfully.
很高兴得知嫦娥五号成功在月球表面着陆。
—Can you give me a glass of water
—With pleasure.
——你能给我一杯水吗
——当然可以。
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The finished bridge has a pleasing appearance.
这座竣工的桥梁拥有令人赏心悦目的外观。
Pet dogs do this to please their owners and ask for food.
宠物狗这样做就是为了让主人满意然后讨要食物。
归纳拓展
① adj.令人满意的;令人高兴的
②pleased adj.高兴的,开心的;满意的
displeased adj.不高兴的,不开心的;不满意的
be (dis)pleased with...对……(不)高兴/(不)满意
③ n.愉快;高兴;乐事
④ pleasure(客气地接受或同意)当然了,很愿意
pleasing
pleasure
with
⑤My/Our/A pleasure. 或 It is my/our/a pleasure. 不用客气(对别人表示感谢的一种
礼貌回答)。
⑥unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的
⑦ v.使满意;使愉快
please
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )She was displeased absolutely everything,
nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular(常客)”.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:她对一切都不满意,没有一件事是对的,我很惊讶她居
然成了“常客”。be displeased with...“对……不满意”,是固定搭配,故填with。
1-2 (2020全国Ⅲ,完形填空, )If you do, you won't be able to handle it and the
whole thing develops into an (pleasant) scene and that ruins everyone's
day.
解析 考查反义词。句意:如果你这样做了,你将无法处理这件事,整件事情会发
展成令人不愉快的场面,那会毁掉每个人的一天。设空处作定语,需用形容词形
式,且后句中的“ruins”暗示此处是“不愉快的”,所以用unpleasant。
with
unpleasant
1-3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B改编, )The author seems to like cherries, for
they have a (please) taste.
解析 考查形容词。句意:作者似乎喜欢樱桃,因为它们有一种令人愉快的味
道。根据前面的“like”可知,此处应该表示樱桃的味道是“令人愉快的”。设
空处作定语,故用形容词形式。pleasant和pleasing都意为“令人愉快的”,故填
pleasant或pleasing。
1-4 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, )Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim
figure in a simple gray dress, looked (please) with this explanation.
解析 句意:韦尔蒂坐在她房间的沙发上,身材苗条,穿着一件简单的灰色连衣裙,
看起来她对这个解释很满意。pleased“满意的”。look pleased with...看起来对
……感到满意。
pleasant/pleasing
pleased
完成句子
1-5 (2020天津,书面表达, )读了你的信之后,我知道你愿意了解成人礼。我很
高兴给你介绍一下它。
After reading your letter, I know that you are willing to know about the coming-of-
age ceremony.And .
It’s my pleasure to introduce it to you
arise vi.起身;出现;由……引起
The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing
through the Canadian Rockies. (教材P38)
第二天早上,两个女孩早早起床,坐火车去路易斯湖,途经加拿大的落基山脉。
情景导学
Through COVID-19, we know the protection of people's lives covers a wide range of
issues, although when and what kinds of issues will arise are unpredictable.
尽管什么时候会出现什么样的问题是不可预测的,但通过新冠肺炎,我们知道保
护人民的生命涵盖了广泛的议题。
Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause.
身体上的原因可能会引起情绪上的问题。
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They raise their glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.
他们举杯为两国人民的友谊干杯。
The sun was rising when we got to the top of the mountain.
当我们到达山顶时,太阳正在升起。
归纳拓展
①arise 由……引起,因……产生
②arise out of...由……引起,因……产生
③arise, rise, raise的区别主要在于词性和词义:arise vi.( , arisen)出现;
产生;起身。rise vi.(rose, risen) 上升;增加;增强; 。 vt.
(raised, raised)举起,提起;提高,增加;饲养;养育
from
arose
升起
raise
完成句子
2-1 (2019课标全国Ⅲ,七选五, )虽然我只列出了每种情况中的两种,但显然还
有许多其他情况可能出现。
While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that
.
单句语法填空
2-2 ( )That day another doubt (arise) in his mind whether the work
could be finished ahead of time.
解析 考查时态。句意:那天他心中产生了另一个疑问:这项工作是否能提前完
成。arise是不及物动词,无被动语态,根据That day及从句谓语动词的时态可知,此
处需要用一般过去时。
can/may arise
arose
用arise, rise, raise的适当形式填空
2-3 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )Best of all,humor your energy,and
that can have an effect on everything you do at school,at work,or in your personal life.
解析 句意:最好的是,幽默能提升你的精力,并且那会对你在学校、工作或个人
生活中所做的每件事都产生影响。raise是及物动词,意为“增加;提高”,主语为
不可数名词,且由整个句子的时态可知用一般现在时。故填raises。
2-4 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )Official reports suggest that the number of
households with three generations living together had from 325,000 in 2
001 to 419,000 in 2013.
解析 句意:官方报告显示,三代同堂的家庭数量已经从2001年的32.5万增加到2013年的41.9万。rise是不及物动词,意为“增加;增长”。根据句中的in 2001、in 2013以及设空处前的had可知此处时态为过去完成时,设空处应用过去分词形式。故填risen。
raises
risen
2-5 ( )The only problem in New York, where local readers could
not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.
解析 句意:唯一的问题出现在纽约,当地读者无法决定用哪一本书来代表庞大
而多样化的人口。arise“出现”。根据定语从句的时态可知此处应用一般过去
时。故填arose。
arose
breath n.呼吸的空气
When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue
water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.(教材P38)在火车到
站以后,她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,真的令她们惊
叹不已。
情景导学
He was not going to hold his breath waiting for her to apologize.
他不打算屏住呼吸等她道歉。
We were out of breath after only five minutes.
仅仅五分钟后我们便气喘吁吁了。
Most people don't realize that they are breathing polluted air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着被污染了的空气。
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While climbing stairs, I always lose my breath.
爬楼梯时,我总是喘不过气来。
归纳拓展
①take a deep breath 深吸一口气
② one's breath 屏住呼吸
③lose one's breath
④out of 上气不接下气
⑤catch one's breath喘口气
⑥take one's breath away令某人惊叹
⑦breathe v.
⑧breathless adj.上气不接下气的;(令人)屏息的
hold
喘不过气来
breath
呼吸
单句语法填空
3-1 (2017天津,阅读理解B, )The landscape,beautiful on its own,somehow
comes to life and (breathe) because this woman is engaging with it.
解析 考查时态。句意:风景本身是美丽的,因为这个女人正融入其中,不知怎么
地它变得有了生命,有了呼吸。设空处的主语是The landscape,由and前面的comes
可知用一般现在时。故填breathes。
3-2 ( )They listened bug-eyed(瞪大眼睛的) and (breath). I must
have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so
keen an audience.
解析 考查形容词。句意:他们瞪大眼睛,屏息听着。我肯定讲得很好,但我认为还有另一个更深层的原因使他们成为如此热心的听众。设空处与并列连词and连接的bug-eyed并列作状语,形容词作状语,说明主语的状态。结合句意可知填breathless。
breathes
breathless
完成句子
3-3 (2018北京,阅读理解A, )跑到17英里时,我变得上气不接下气,曾经受伤的
那只脚踝疼得厉害。
By mile 17, I and the once injured ankle hurt badly.
3-4 (2017天津,阅读理解B, )爬上山看到全景的蓝色大海、白色建筑和绿色
橄榄树后,我停下来喘口气,然后站在合适位置以拍这个全景的最佳照片。
After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea,white build-
ings and green olive trees,I and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
became out of breath
paused to catch my breath
freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.(教材P
38)
埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
情景导学
The organizers will ensure all exhibits observe the COVID-19 epidemic prevention
rules issued by the Shanghai government, which include strict testing for imported
frozen food to ensure the safety of all participants.
主办方将确保所有展品遵守上海市政府公布的新冠肺炎疫情防控规范,其中包括
对进口冷冻食品进行严格检测,以确保所有参展人员的安全。
The pipes have frozen, so we've got no water.
水管已经冻了,所以我们没有水了。
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归纳拓展
① v.结冰;(使)冻住;(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆
②freeze to death冻死
③ adj.冷冻的
④freezer n.冷冻柜;冰柜
freeze
frozen
单句语法填空
4-1 (2020浙江,完形填空, )My heart (freeze) in my chest as I saw
the tractor(拖拉机) heading towards the motorway.
解析 考查时态。句意:当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路驶去时,我的心在胸口僵住
了。由空后时间状语从句用一般过去时可知此处用一般过去时。
4-2 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, ) (freeze) bananas will last sev-
eral weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the
(freeze).
解析 考查形容词和词性转换。句意:冷冻的香蕉可以保存几个星期,这取决于
它们的成熟度和冰柜的温度。第一个空表示“冰冻的;冷冻的”,修饰其后名词,
应用Frozen;第二个空表示“冰柜”,用名词形式,故填freezer。
froze
Frozen
freezer
4-3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )For this purpose, select ripe bananas for
(freeze) as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in
plastic bags or containers and freeze.
解析 考查动名词。句意:为此,选择成熟的香蕉冷冻,因为它们更甜。去除香蕉
皮,把它们放入塑料袋或容器中冷冻。设空处作介词for的宾语,应用动名词形
式。
4-4 ( )When faced with so many options,the lion chooses (freeze)
and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
解析 考查不定式。句意:当面对如此多的选择时,狮子选择不动和等待,而不是
攻击这个手握椅子的人。choose to do sth.选择/情愿做某事。故用不定式作宾
语。
freezing
to freeze
contrary adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)
Well, contrary to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces
in China, actually.(教材P43)
嗯,与许多人认为的恰恰相反,事实上中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。
情景导学
—It must have been terrible.
—On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.
——那一定是很糟糕的。
——恰恰相反,我从头到尾都非常开心。
Did you hear any opinion to the contrary
你有没有听到相反的意见
|
归纳拓展
① the contrary恰恰相反(用来表示后面的情况与前面的情况完全相
反)
② the contrary相反的;相反地(用来展示或证明相反的东西)
③be contrary to与……相反;与……相对立
on
to
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )And contrary existing re-
search that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions
(份), it's the beanpoles(瘦高个子) with big appetites you really need to avoid.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:现存的研究说你应该避免和点大份食物的更胖的人
在一起吃饭,与之相反,你真正需要避开的是有着大胃口的瘦高个子。contrary
to...与……相反。
to
5-2 ( )For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness,
but later clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children's be-
havior. the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the conse-
quences of their actions can do better.
解析 考查固定短语。句意:例如,那些因为孩子的不整洁而对他们大声喊叫,但
是后来又为他们打扫房间的父母有更少的机会改变他们孩子的行为。恰恰相反,
那些让青少年体验其行为后果的父母可以做得更好。on the contrary恰恰相反,表
达前后句子的观点完全相反。
On
5-3 ( )Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed(考古发掘出
的) human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years
or a further special extension, (be)contrary to basic principles of archae-
ology.
解析 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:你目前的要求是,所有考古发掘出的人类遗
骸都应该被重新埋葬,无论是在两年的标准时期之后,还是进一步的特殊延期之
后,这都违背了考古学的基本原则。设空处的主语是requirement,陈述事实应用一
般现在时。故填is。be contrary to与……相对立。
is
astonish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊
Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the
great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake. (教材P44)她们站在远处,
看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。
情景导学
(China Daily, 2020年11月)Mohammed Al Hashmi, chief technology officer of the
Expo Dubai 2020, said that the world is astonished by China's lead in technologies
like 5G, IoT, AI, edge computing and rights management.
2020年迪拜世博会的首席技术官Mohammed Al Hashmi表示,世界对中国在5G、
物联网、人工智能、边缘计算和权限管理等技术方面处于领先地位感到震惊。
His achievements are astonishing, and this book is his masterpiece.
他的成就令人震惊,而这部书则是他的代表作。
|
To my astonishment, it was dark when I woke up.
让我吃惊的是,我醒来时天已经黑了。
归纳拓展
① adj.令人惊讶的
②astonishingly adv.令人惊讶地
③ adj.感到十分惊讶的
④be /at...对……感到惊讶
⑤ n.惊讶
⑥with astonishment惊讶地
⑦ one's astonishment使某人吃惊的是
astonishing
astonished
astonished by
astonishment
to
单句语法填空
6-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D改编, )The young Jubilado was astonished
the Bajau(巴瑶人) because they could stay long underwater.
解析 考查介词。句意:年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶人感到惊讶,因为他们可以在水下
待很长时间。be astonished at/by...对……感到惊讶。
6-2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,短文改错改编, )To everyone’s (astonish),
the ball went into the net.
解析 考查名词。句意:令大家惊讶的是,球进了网。to one's astonishment使某人
吃惊的是。
at/by
astonishment
6-3 (2019北京,完形填空, )Since he first started volunteering his car to the
young people, Wilson has covered an (astonish) 64,000 miles, and has
had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he trans-
ports to and from school.
解析 考查形容词。句意:自从Wilson第一次开始为这些年轻人自愿提供汽车服
务以来,他已经行驶了令人惊讶的六万四千英里,并与他接送往返学校的学生进
行了无数次令人愉快的且经常很幽默的交谈。astonishing为形容词,意为“令人
惊讶的”,作定语,修饰其后的名词短语64,000 miles。
6-4 (2016江苏,阅读理解D改编, )“Where did she come from ” asked an
(astonish) reporter.
解析 考查形容词。句意:“她从哪里来的 ”一位感到十分惊讶的记者问道。
astonished为形容词,意为“惊讶的;感到惊讶的”,作定语,修饰其后的reporter。
astonishing
astonished
6-5 ( )Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species is
(astonish).
解析 考查形容词。句意:仅在哺乳动物中,夜间活动的物种数量令人吃惊。设
空处作表语,应用形容词,结合句意可知,此处应填astonishing,意为“令人吃惊
的”。
6-6 ( ) (astonish), Sally was not driven out like the former teac-
hers;instead, she won respect from the students.
解析 考查副词。句意:令人惊讶的是,萨莉并没有像以前的老师那样被赶出去;
相反,她赢得了学生们的尊敬。根据逗号可知,设空处修饰整个句子的内容,因此
应该用副词。astonishingly令人惊讶的是。
astonishing
Astonishingly
owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)
You owe it to yourselves to stay longer.(教材P44)
你们应该多待一会儿。
情景导学
We should owe the successful establishment of the Beidou-3 Navigation Satellite
System to the efforts of all scientific researchers and the correct leadership of the
CPC.
我们应该把北斗三号卫星导航系统的成功建立归功于全体科研人员的努力和中
国共产党的正确领导。
The country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors.
这个国家欠外国债权人数十亿美元。
|
Owing to his illness, Peter couldn't keep up with the rest of the class.
由于生病,彼得没法跟上班级的其他同学。
How much do I owe you for the groceries
买这些杂货我得给你多少钱
归纳拓展
①owe ...因……欠某人某物
② to=due to=because of由于,因为
③owe sth. sb. 欠某人情;欠某人某物;把某事归功于某人
④owe it to sb. to do sth.该为某人做某事
sb. sth. for
owing
to
完成句子
7-1 (2018北京,阅读理解A, )一个人将他的成功归功于家庭的支持。
A man his family support.
单句语法填空
7-2 (2018课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D改编, )Owing our efforts, our
daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother
was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.
解析 考查固定短语。句意:由于我们的努力,我们的女儿乔治娅确实决定捐赠一
大袋玩具给一个小女孩,她的母亲因病无法支付她的假期费用。owing to由于,因为。
owes his success to
to
翻译句子
7-3 (2020浙江,书面表达, )您不在的时候,我们班参加了英语口语比赛,我们
得了第一名。我们都认为我们的成功应该归功于您。
During your absence, our class participated in an English oral competition, in
which we came first. We all think it’s you that we should owe our success to.
as引导非限制性定语从句
During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained.(教材P38)
在她们(在温哥华)的第一天,就像温哥华的典型情况一样,下雨了。
情景导学
As we all know, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
She, as we all know, can speak three foreign languages.
正如我们都知道的那样,她会说三种外语。
Kate was late for school, as often happens.
正如经常发生的那样,凯特上学迟到了。
|
归纳拓展
as引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,且可以位于主句的 、
或后面。在从句中,as作 或宾语,意为“正如”。
前面
中间
主语
单句语法填空
1-1 (2020天津,阅读理解B, )I'd like to let you do it, but you know,
we are in the middle of a war.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我很想让你做这件事,但如你所知,我们正
处于战争之中。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,在从句中
作宾语,意为“正如”,故填as。
1-2 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, ) the author explains, this is
neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如作者解释的那样,这既不是一本游记,
也不是一本历史书,更不是一篇新闻报道。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代
整个主句的内容,在从句中作宾语,意为“正如”,故填As。
as
As
1-3 (2020全国Ⅱ,完形填空, ) he often did, he stopped by the “af-
ter work auction(拍卖)”run by the Italian police where things found on the trains
were sold to the highest bidder(出价者).
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如他经常做的那样,他顺路去了由意大
利警方经营的“下班后拍卖”,在那里,在火车上找到的东西被卖给出价最高的
人。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,在从句中作宾语,意为
“正如”,故填As。
1-4 ( )The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 per-
cent in just one year.
解析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如所报道的那样,吸烟者的数量仅在一
年之内就已经减少了百分之十七。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句
的内容,且在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,故填as。
As
as
with的复合结构
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.(教材P
38)
埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
情景导学
With fears removed from his mind,he felt relaxed.
他消除了心中的恐惧,感到很轻松。
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.
他站在门口,手里拿着一台电脑。
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中,衣服都湿了。
|
With nothing to do, Tom slept at home.
汤姆无事可做,就在家里睡觉。
With her sister out, she had to stay at home alone.
因为她的姐姐出去了,她只得独自待在家里。
归纳拓展
“with的复合结构”在句中多作状语,也可以作定语。常见的结构有:
①with+宾语+
②with+宾语+
③with+宾语+
④with+宾语+
⑤with+宾语+
⑥with+宾语+
现在分词
过去分词
介词短语
形容词
不定式
副词
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020江苏,阅读理解D, )Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with mon-
keys (call) from beyond the village green,we played soccer.
解析 考查现在分词。句意:后来,在一个美妙的亚马孙夜晚,猴子在村庄草地以
外的地方叫着,我们踢了一场足球。此处是“with+宾语+现在分词”结构,宾语
monkeys与call之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式。
2-2 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )With the young (able) to afford to
leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live
together.
解析 考查形容词。句意:由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用而老年人面临着孤独
的风险,更多的家庭选择在一起生活。此处为“with+宾语+形容词”结构,结合
句意可知,设空处表示“无法”,故填unable。
calling
unable
完成句子
2-3 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,读后续写, )一切准备就绪,伯纳德就开始了他的新生
意。
, Bernard started out on his new business.
2-4 (2018北京,书面表达, )我向他们生动地介绍了茶文化知识,包括其深远
的历史、丰富的种类以及精美的泡茶工艺。随着他们的兴趣被激起,我接着开始
教他们如何泡茶。
I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its pro-
found history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea.
, I then began to teach them how to make tea.
With everything ready
With their interest aroused
see+宾语+doing sth.看见……正在做某事
Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the
great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.(教材P44)
她们站在远处,看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震
撼。
情景导学
We saw him play football in the playground.
我们看见他在操场上踢足球。
I saw the old man knocked down by a car.
我看到这位老人被一辆车撞倒了。
|
归纳拓展
①see sb./sth. sth.看见某人/某物做某事(看见动作的整个过程)
②see sb./sth. sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事
③see sb./sth. 看见某人/某物被……
④适用于此种用法的感官动词有“五看,二听,一感觉”:look at、see、watch、
notice、observe;hear、listen to;feel。这些词后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式
中的to需省略,但若这些词用于被动语态,则to不能省略。
do
doing
done
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,语法填空, )And when he saw the mists (rise)
from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to
tears(流泪).
解析 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:当他看到雾从江上升起、柔软的云围绕着山顶时,他不禁潸然泪下。此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,the mists与rise之间为主动关系,且由and后面的the soft clouds surrounding可知此处用现在分词形式。
3-2 (2020浙江,完形填空, )Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the trac-
tor(拖拉机) only to see it (move) suddenly away from me.
解析 考查不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。句意:羊羔和妈妈重聚了,我转过身来
却看到拖拉机突然离开我(向前移动)了。此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,
根据句意可知此处表示主语看到动作的全过程,move与宾语之间为主动关系。
故用不带to的动词不定式。
rising
move
3-3 (2020全国Ⅱ,语法填空, )They make great gifts and you see them many
times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
解析 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它
们被红包和好运的信息装饰着。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them
与decorate之间为被动关系。故用过去分词形式。
3-4 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,完形填空, )When he was 16, Molai began to notice
something disturbing (happen) around his home.
解析 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意:16岁时,Molai开始注意到他家周围正
发生一些令人不安的事情。此处是“notice+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。some-
thing disturbing与happen之间为主动关系,并且结合语境可知此处强调正在进行
的动作。故用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。
decorated
happening
过去分词作表语和状语(与动词-ing形式的比较)
一、过去分词作表语
1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异
观察
I was amazed at the news.(系表)
I was brought up by my aunt.(被动)
归纳
被动语态表示动作,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者可以用by
引出。作① 用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,这种结构中
的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。
表语
2.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
观察
He is terrifying.他很吓人。(指他令人害怕)
He is terrified.他很害怕。(指他感到害怕)
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。(狗受到了惊吓)
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(狗是令人害怕的)
归纳
当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/觉得……”时,表语要使用过去分词;而要表
示主语具有令人/使别人感到……的特征/性质时,表语使用② 。
现在分词
二、过去分词作状语
观察1
Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful.(our city与see之间是被动关系)
Seeing it from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful.(we与see之间是主动关系)
归纳1
分词在句子中作状语,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词,要取
决于分词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:主动关系用现在分词,③
用过去分词。
观察2
Moved to tears, he stood there silently.=He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里,(被)感动得热泪盈眶。
被动关系
归纳2
过去分词短语作状语时可放在句子④ ,后面用逗号与后面部分隔开;
也可放在句子后面,前面用逗号与前面部分隔开。
观察3
More time given to us, we should have done the job much better.
如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。
归纳3
过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常与句子的⑤ 一致。如果前
面再加逻辑主语,与句子的主语就⑥ 一致,这种带逻辑主语的过去分
词结构属于独立主格结构。
前面
主语
不
观察4
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。
I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请,否
则我不会参加他的生日聚会。
归纳4
过去分词作状语有时前面可加上连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构,相当于对应
的⑦ 。常用的连词有if、unless、when、as、once、even if/though、
as if/though、though/although等。
状语从句
单句语法填空
1.(2020江苏,阅读理解D, )As darkness came over the field and the match end-
ed, the goal keeper,Juan,walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way,“In
your home,do you have a moon too ” I was (surprise).
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:随着夜幕降临到了球场,比赛结束了,守门员
Juan走到我面前,一本正经地说:“你的家乡也有月亮吗 ”我感到很惊讶。设空
处表示主语“我”的状态。故用过去分词surprised。
2.(2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D, )We were so (amaze) that they could
stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:我们很惊讶他们比我们当地岛民在水下待的时间长得多。设空处表示“感到惊讶的”,表示主语的状态。故用过去分词作表语。
surprised
amazed
3.(2020天津,完形填空, )Jones was (shock) when she said that she
didn't actually mind being cheated.
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:当她说实际上她并不介意被骗时,琼斯感到
很震惊。设空处表示主语琼斯的状态,故用过去分词作表语。
4.(2020浙江,读后续写, )Taking pictures of polar bears is (amaze)
but also dangerous.
解析 考查现在分词作表语。句意:拍摄北极熊的照片是令人惊喜的,但也很危
险。设空处表示“令人惊喜的”,主语为事件,故填amazing。
5.(2020江苏,阅读理解A, )The last COVID-19 patient in Wuhan was
(discharge) from hospital.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:武汉最后一名新冠肺炎患者获准出院了。主语与
discharge之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式,此处过去分词与前面的was构成被
动语态。
shocked
amazing
discharged
6.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,读后续写, )After their mother left the room, the children
sat (think) about Bernard.
解析 考查现在分词作状语。句意:母亲离开房间后,孩子们坐着想Bernard。
think与主句主语之间为主动关系,且伴随谓语动词表示的动作发生。故用现在分
词作伴随状语。
7.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,短文改错, )I became (interest) in playing foot-
ball thanks to a small accident.
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:由于一次小事故,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。
此处表示主语的状态,应填过去分词interested,与前面的became构成系表结构。
thinking
interested
8.(2018天津,阅读理解B, )“There's some really good stuff(艺术作品) up
there.” She stepped down, looking (confuse).
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:“上面有一些非常好的艺术作品。”她走了
下来,看上去很困惑。look是系动词,此处作表语应填过去分词confused,意为“感
到困惑的”。
9.(2018北京,10, )Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bac-
teria effectively.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂就可以有效除菌。
use与Ordinary soap之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式,构成过去分词短语作条
件状语。
confused
used
10.(2017天津,完形填空, ) (influence) by her story, I created the As
We Heal(痊愈), the World Heals project.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:受她的故事影响,我创建了“As We Heal, the World
Heals”项目。influence与句子的主语之间是被动关系,因此应该用过去分词,构
成过去分词短语作原因状语。
11.(2017课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解A, ) (found) in Moscow after the 19
05 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:在1905年大革命后,这家公司在莫斯科创立,最后在2
0世纪20年代末设立在特拉维夫。found与句子主语之间为被动关系,因此应该用
过去分词作状语。
Influenced
Founded
单句改错
12.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,读后续写, )When he found that it was all to be his, he
was so delight that he could hardly speak, but his bright smiling face spoke for him.
解析 考查过去分词作表语。句意:当他发现这一切都归他的时候,他高兴得几
乎说不出话来,但他那灿烂的笑脸说明了一切。此处“高兴的”表示主语(he)的
状态。故用过去分词形式。
13.(2020全国Ⅱ,书面表达, )As requested, we began to pick strawberries with
caution for fear that some plants were destroying.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:按照要求,我们开始小心翼翼地采摘草莓,生怕毁坏
了一些植物。本句中some plants与destroy之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
delight→delighted
destroying→destroyed
14.(2019浙江,书面表达, )I'm very exciting to write this letter to express my
gratitude to you.
解析 考查过去分词。句意:能写这封信来表达我对你的感激之情,我很激动。
此处“激动的”表示主语(I)的状态。故用过去分词作表语。
exciting→excited