人教版(2019) 选择性必修 第二册UNIT5 FIRST AID课件(72张ppt)

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名称 人教版(2019) 选择性必修 第二册UNIT5 FIRST AID课件(72张ppt)
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更新时间 2022-03-03 20:25:38

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(共72张PPT)
Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1.     n.技能;技术;技艺
2.     n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
3.     n.辐射;放射线
4.     n.酸 adj.酸的;酸性的
5.     n.毫米;千分之一米
6.     n.受害者;患者
7.     n.织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构
8.     vt.包、裹;(用手臂等)围住
9.     n.洗澡;浴缸;浴盆 vt.给……洗澡
10.     vi.滑倒;滑落;溜走 n.滑倒;小错误;纸条
technique
ray
radiation
acid
millimetre
victim
fabric
wrap
bath
slip
11.     n.蚊子
12.     n.地毯
13.     n.救护车
14.     vi.& vt.推迟;延期(做某事)vt.耽误;耽搁 n.延误;耽搁(的时间);推迟
15.     n.针;缝衣针;注射针;指针
16.     n.病房
17.     n.踝;踝关节
18.     vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 n.惊恐;恐慌
19.     vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊;大声叫 n.尖叫;尖锐刺耳的声音
20.     adj.同类的;同事的;同伴的;同情况的 n.男人;家伙;同事;同辈;同类
21.     vi.& vt.(使)窒息;(使)哽咽
22.     n.牛排;肉排
mosquito
carpet
ambulance
delay
needle
ward
ankle
panic
scream
fellow
choke
steak
23.     vt.(用手掌)打、拍 n.(用手掌)打、拍;拍击声
24.     n.拳;拳头
25.     vt.抓住;攫取 n.抓取;抢夺
26.     n.运动;移动
27.     n.幸福;福祉;安康;福利
28.     vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
29.     n.郊区;城外
slap
fist
grab
motion
welfare
collapse
suburb
(B)阅读词汇—明词义
1.leaflet n.     
2.toxin n.    
3.layer n.    
4.blister n.    
5.underneath prep.& adv.    
6.nerve n.    
7.paramedic n.     
8.swallow vt.& vi.    
9.bathtub n.    
10.drown vi.& vt.     
11.sprain vt.    n.   
散页印刷品;传单;小册子
毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
层;表层;层次
(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱;(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
在……底下;隐藏在下面
神经
急救医生;护理人员
吞下;咽下
浴缸;浴盆
(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
扭伤(关节)
扭伤
12.diner n.    
13.throat n.    
14.obstruction n.    
15.manual n.      adj.     
(尤指餐馆的)就餐者
咽喉;喉咙
阻碍;堵塞;阻塞物
使用手册;说明书
用手的;手工的;体力的;手控的
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1.     n.(人或动植物的)器官→      adj.有机的;器官的
2.     adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的→     n.少数民族;少数派
3.     adj.电的;用电的;电动的→      n.电;电能
4.     vi.膨胀;肿胀→     adj.(身体部位)肿起来的;肿胀的
5.     adj.松的;未系紧的;宽松的→     adv.宽松地→   
v.(使)放松;放开
6.     adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的→     n.紧急;紧迫
7.     vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n.容易;舒适;自在→     adj.容易
的;舒适的 →     adv.容易地;很可能
8.     adj.年纪较大的;上了年纪的(婉辞)→     n.老年人;长辈;年
长者 adj.年长的
organ
organic
minor
minority
electric
electricity
swell
swollen
loose
loosely
loosen
urgent
urgency
ease
easy
easily
elderly
elder
9.     n.电话接线员;操作员 →     v.操作(机器等);动手术;经营
→     n.(机器等)运转;操作;手术;公司
10.     vi.流血;失血→     n.流血;失血
11.     vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断→     n.阻断物;干扰
12.     adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的→     adv.拼命地;绝
望地→     n.绝望;拼命
13.     adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→     adv.实际地;几乎→
     n.实践;实际行动;惯例;习惯 vi.& vt.练习
14.   adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的adv.紧紧地;牢固地→   
adv.牢固地;紧紧地;紧密地→     vi.& vt.(使)变紧,更加牢固
15.     vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由→    
n.正义;公平;公正
operator
operate
operation
bleed
bleeding
interrupt
interruption
desperate
desperately
desperation
practical
practically
practice
tight
tightly
tighten
justify
justice
16.     adj.有雾的→     n.雾
17.     n.会员身份;全体会员;会员人数→     n.(某群体的)会员;
成员
foggy
fog
membership
member
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.         触觉
2.         触电;电击
3.         静脉注射针
4.         生命体征
5.         帮助某人站起身来
6.         面朝上(朝下)
7.         迟起;睡过头;睡懒觉
8.         健康状况不好
9.get burnt        
10.give first aid        
11.be divided into         
a sense of touch
electric shock
IV needle
vital sign
help sb. to one’s feet
face up/down
sleep in
out of shape
烧伤;烫伤
进行急救
(整体)被分成(几部分)
12.depending on        
13.stick to        
14.a matter of emergency        
e into contact with...         
16.wrap...with...        
17.without delay        
18.heart attack         
19.lay sb. on sb.'s back         
20.remove...from...         
21.slap sb. on the back        
22.force...out         
视乎;决定于
粘在……上面;坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
紧急事件
与……接触
用……包裹……
立刻;毫不耽搁
心脏病发作
让某人平躺
将……?从……去除;将……从……移走
拍打某人的后背
强行排出……
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.如果有必要的话,用剪刀把所有衣服除去,除非你看到有布料粘在了烧伤或烫伤
的皮肤上面。
Remove any clothes using scissors        , unless you see the fab-
ric sticking to the burnt skin.
2.在受伤的地方涂上油膏是个糟糕的主意,因为这会阻碍伤口散热,并有可能引起
感染。
Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea,      it will keep the heat in the
wounds and may cause infection.
3.如果伤者正在遭受二度或三度烫(烧)伤,则急需把他或她立即送往医院。
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,          
to take him/her to the hospital at once.
if necessary
as
there is an urgent need
4.如果伤者严重烫(烧)伤,重要的是要将他或她立即送往医院。
         send the victim to the hospital
right away if he or she is severely burnt.
5.陈伟是北京的一名高中生,当他听到另一桌有人在尖叫时,他的晚餐被打断了。
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner      when he
heard someone      from another table.
6.在张涛的朋友们的帮助下,他能够帮助张涛站起身来。
         Zhang's friends, he was able to
help Zhang to his feet.
7.在离开之前,他们建议他吃得再慢一点,吃得更小口一些。
They suggested he      more slowly and      smaller bites before
they left.
It is important to
interrupted
screaming
With the help of
eat
take
8.事实上,它是如此简单以至于几乎任何人都可以学会如何做。
It is      easy,in fact,      almost anyone can learn how.
so
that
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too
much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of
touch.
分析:句中并列连词and连接的四个并列动词helps、prevents、warns、gives作
    ;warns后的从属连词when引导     ;gives后是一个
     结构。
句意:它(皮肤)也有助于控制你的体温,防止你的身体流失过多的水分,当外物太
热或太冷时发出警告,并使你有触觉。
2.To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the
Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.
分析:该句是一个简单句。To solve this problem为动词不定式短语作     ;
谓语
时间状语从句
双宾语
目的状语
saving thousands of lives around the world为现在分词短语作       。
句意:为了解决这个问题,一位美国医生亨利·海姆立克于1974年发明了“海姆立
克急救法”,挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。
3.Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his
body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
分析:句中并列连词and连接两个并列的     。第一个分句中with复合结
构作     ;第二个分句中从属连词until引导     从句。
句意:相反,把孩子脸朝下放在你的大腿上,使其头部低于身体其他部位,然后用力
拍打他的上背部,直到他能再次呼吸。
结果状语
祈使句
状语
时间状语
Ⅴ.必备语法
复习动词-ing形式
1.As you can imagine,      (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is      (give)
first aid.
3.Place burns under cool      (run) water,especially within the first ten min-
utes.
4.Remove any clothes      (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fab-
ric      (stick) to the burnt skin.
5.Then,      (stand)behind Zhang,Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre.
6.How could I justify      (sit)there and      (do)nothing
getting
giving
running
using
sticking
standing
sitting
doing
      minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的 n.未成年人;(大学中的)辅
修课程 vi.辅修
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household inci-
dents.(教材P50)
例子包括轻微的晒伤和由其他小型的家庭事故造成的烫(烧)伤。
情景导学
I'm minoring in computer science at college.
我在大学里辅修计算机科学。
Only a small minority of audience is/are interested in his speech.
只有一小部分听众对他的演讲感兴趣。
|
归纳拓展
①minority n.少数派;少数民族
②minor      在(大学里)辅修(某科目)
③         少数的
in
a minority of
完成句子
1-1 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )所以,当你犯错误时不要停止演讲,除非那
真是一个严重的错误。你不需要为一个小疏漏道歉。
So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.You
don't need to apologize for        .
1-2 ( ) 所以,可能只有少数年轻人会演奏古典乐器,但当提到欣赏古典音乐
时,这就取决于那首乐曲了。
So, it may be only        young people who play
classical instruments,but when it comes to enjoying classical music,it depends on the
piece of music.
a minor slip
a minority of
      urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to
take him/her to the hospital at once.(教材P51)如果伤者正在遭受二度或三度烫
(烧)伤,则急需把他或她立即送往医院。
情景导学
(China Daily,2020年12月)Yang Shuxia suggested that people shouldn't be concerned
about the hair loss. Instead, she urged people to try to notice their significant changes
in the past few months.
杨淑霞建议人们不用担心脱发问题。相反,她敦促人们努力关注自身数月以来显
著的变化。
There is an urgent need for surgical masks now.
现在迫切需要外科口罩。
|
After the disaster, people in that area urgently needed supplies of food and water.灾
难过后,那个地区的人们急需食物和水的供给。
Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency.
她很少求助,但这是一件紧急的事。
归纳拓展
①there is an urgent need      sth./to do sth.迫切需要某物/做某事
②     adv.紧急地;急迫地;急切地
③     n.紧急;催促;紧急的事
④urge sb.      敦促某人做某事
⑤urge v.敦促;催促;力劝 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
for
urgently
urgency
to do sth.
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020天津,阅读理解D, )Together, these deep human      (urge)
count for much more than ambition.
解析 考查名词单复数。句意:这些深层的人类欲望加在一起要比野心重要得
多。urge在此处为名词,由限定词these修饰,故用其复数形式。
2-2 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,听力, )I need to talk about my new program with him be-
fore he leaves. It's      (urge). So, would this afternoon be okay
解析 考查形容词。句意:在他离开之前,我需要和他谈谈我的新项目。这很紧
急。所以,今天下午可以吗 此处为主系表结构,所以设空处应用形容词urgent,意
为“紧急的”。
urges
urgent
2-3 (2018江苏,阅读理解C, )We at the NYFC(美国青年农会) need broad sup-
port as we urge Congress      (increase)farmland conservation.
解析 考查不定式。句意:在我们敦促国会加强农田保护时,我们在美国青年农
会需要广泛的支持。urge sb. to do sth. 敦促某人做某事。故用不定式作宾语补足
语。
2-4 (2018浙江,完形填空, )Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of
     (urge) to do my school work immediately.
解析 考查名词。句意:由于所有这些额外的时间,我没有要立即做作业的紧迫
感。介词of后面缺少宾语,所以用名词urgency。the sense of urgency意为“紧迫
感”。
to increase
urgency
2-5 (2016课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )In this box are some stem cells that are
    (urgent) needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to
the United Kingdom.
解析 考查副词。句意:这个盒子里是一个病人急需的一些干细胞——求你了,
求你了,你必须把我送回英国。此处应用副词urgently修饰are needed,意为“紧急
地;急迫地”。
urgently
      ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 vt.使……容易些 n.容易;舒
适;自在
Why don't you take some medicine to ease the pain (教材P52)你为什么不吃点药缓
解一下疼痛呢
情景导学
Being “wild, sweet and pure”, as his fans describe, Ding Zhen seems to be able to
ease people's anxiety and unease using his smile.粉丝们说丁真“野、甜、纯”,他
似乎能够用他的笑容减轻人们的焦虑和不安。
He passed the driving test with ease.他轻松地通过了驾照考试。
He feels ill at ease with people he doesn't know.
他跟不认识的人在一起感到不自在。
|
She felt completely at ease with her friends.
她跟她的朋友在一起时感到很自在。
归纳拓展
①     ease 舒适地;放松地;自由自在
②     ease 容易地;轻松地
③ill at ease          
完成句子
3-1 (2019江苏,书面表达, )我们每天穿着校服感到轻松自在。更重要的是,传
统的中国服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。
We      in our school uniforms every day. What's more, the traditional
Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school.
at
with
不舒适;不自在;局促不安
feel at ease
单句语法填空
3-2 ( )With that,I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital,doing
anything and everything I could      (ease) his discomfort.
解析 考查不定式。句意:为此,我每天花8到10小时在医院陪着乔,尽我所能来减
轻他的不适。设空处表示目的,故用不定式作目的状语。
3-3 ( )We live in an age when more information is available      greater
ease than ever before.
解析 考查介词。句意:我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息
的时代。 with ease容易地;轻松地。
to ease
with
      interrupt vi.& vt.打断;打扰 vt.使暂停;使中断
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard
someone screaming from another table.(教材P56)
陈伟是北京的一名高中生,当他听到另一桌有人在尖叫时,他的晚餐被打断了。
情景导学
(CNN, 2020年11月)We've got to interrupt the spread of the novel coronavirus and
one of the ways you can do that now is to isolate yourself for 14 days when exposed
to such patients.
我们必须中断新冠病毒的传播,你现在可以采用的一个方法是,当接触到此类病
人时,要自我隔离14天。
The match was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛几次因下雨而中断。
|
I was able to get on with my work without interruption.
我可以不受打扰继续我的工作了。
归纳拓展
①be interrupted by          
②interruption n.打扰;打岔;中断时间
③         没有中断;连续
因……而中断;被……打断
without interruption
单句语法填空
4-1 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )     (interrupt)are one of the worst
things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
解析 考查词性转换。句意:当你正试图完成工作时,要处理的最糟糕的事情之
一就是干扰。因主句缺少主语,且谓语动词为复数形式,故使用名词复数Interrup-
tions。
4-2 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,七选五, )When people try      (interrupt) you,
have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll
find them then.
解析 考查不定式作宾语。句意:当人们试图打断你的时候,安排出确定的时间,
让他们知道在那段时间回来或者那时你会去找他们。try to do sth.试图做某事。
Interruptions
to interrupt
4-3 (2016课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )Nurses should recognize their own personal
and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not      (in-
terrupt) too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.
解析 考查被动语态。句意:护士们应该辨别出个体沉默和文化构建所致的沉
默,这样病人的沉默就不会过早地被打断,也不会被允许不必要地继续下去。根
据句意判断,此处为被动语态,故使用过去分词interrupted。
完成句子
4-4 ( )你不该打断会议来告诉我那件事,你本可以会后来告诉我。
You      /             the meeting to tell me that; you
could have come to tell me afterwards.
interrupted
oughtn’t to have interrupted
shouldn’t
      practical adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy.(教材P56)实施“海姆
立克急救法”快速、实用、简单。
情景导学
China welcomes the release of the Initiative on Building China-ASEAN Partnership
on Digital Economy. Now what is needed is to work out follow-up plans to put it into
practice.中方欢迎《中国—东盟关于建立数字经济合作伙伴关系的倡议》的发
表。现在需要做的是制订后续计划,将其付诸实践。
The theory and practice of teaching should be combined perfectly.教学的理论与实
践应该完美结合起来。
Don't ask me to speak French! I'm out of practice.
可别让我讲法语!我已经生疏了。
|
Prisoners have legal rights, but in practice these rights are not always respected.
囚犯虽有合法的权利,但实际上这些权利常未受到尊重。
If you practise/practice speaking English, you'll soon improve.
如果你练习说英语,你的水平很快就会提高。
归纳拓展
①practice n.实践,实际行动;通常的做法;习惯,习俗;训练
②practise (=practice) v.练习;实习;训练
          练习做某事
③      实际上;事实上;实践中
④put...into practice     
⑤be          生疏;荒疏;疏于练习
practise/practice doing sth.
in practice
将……付诸行动/实践
out of practice
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )Data about the moon's composition, such as how
much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans
for a future lunar (月球的) base are      (practice).
解析 考查形容词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,比如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,
可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否切实可行。设空处作表语,意为
“切实可行的”。故用形容词形式。
5-2 (2020天津,阅读表达, )As we organized teams, prepared resources and prac-
ticed      (answer) questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any
sports team.
解析 考查动名词。句意:在我们组织团队、准备资源、练习回答问题的过程
中,我觉得我和外界产生的联系比以前任何时候和任何运动队的联系都多。prac-
tice doing sth.练习做某事。
practical
answering
5-3 (2018课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )And the Good Morning Britain presenter
says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt      practice in her own
home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
解析 考查介词。句意:并且这位《早安英国》的节目主持人说,她已经能够在
自己的家里把所学到的很多东西付诸实践,为儿子们准备饭菜,他们是14岁的萨
姆、13岁的芬恩和11岁的杰克。put...into practice将……付诸实践。
完成句子
5-4 (2020全国Ⅱ,短文改错, )事实上,我七岁的时候就开始学功夫了,但是我
已经很久不练了。
Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been
         .
into
out of practice
      face up/down 面朝上(朝下)
Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his
body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.(教材P56)
相反,把孩子脸朝下放在你的大腿上,使其头部低于身体其他部位,然后用力拍打
他的上背部,直到他能再次呼吸。
情景导学
I don't know she's faced with a difficult decision at all.
我根本不知道她面临一项艰难的决定。
She turned and faced him, which made him nervous.
她转过身来面对着他,这使他很紧张。
We must clear it up face to face, lest there should be misunderstandings.这事我们要
当面解决,以免发生误会。
|
He kept calm in the face of great danger.
面临巨大危险,他保持镇静。
归纳拓展
①face v.      n.脸;面部表情;外观特征;(某类型的)人
②face to face     
come/be face to face with...与……面对面;面临……
③be faced      面对……;面临……
④in the face of    
朝向;面向;面对,面临
面对面地
with
面对……
单句语法填空
6-1 (2020浙江,读后续写, )When I'm face      face with a polar bear, I
like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens(长焦镜头).
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:当我见到北极熊时,我喜欢通过带有长焦镜头的相
机拍摄它。be face to face with...与……面对面。
6-2 (2020江苏,28, )If I       (not face) with so many barriers,I
wouldn't be where I am.
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:如果我不曾面对这么多的障碍,我不会有
今天的地位。分析句子可知,此处是错综条件句,从句与过去事实相反,主句与现
在事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。be faced with面对;面临。故填hadn't been
faced。
to
hadn’t been faced
6-3 (2019浙江,七选五, )Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were
opened up to new      (face) on the market.
解析 考查名词复数。句意:多亏了甲壳虫乐队,很多机会向市场上的新人开放
了。face在句中意为“(某类型的)人”,为可数名词,根据句意可知,应填复数形式
faces。
完成句子
6-4 (2020天津,书面表达, )这让我深刻地意识到,我们不再是小孩子,而是成
年人了,在未来的生活和学习中,必须敢于承担责任和面对挑战。
It made me realize deeply that we are not the young children any more, but adults
who have to shoulder responsibilities and               in the
future life and study.
faces
face challenges bravely
      justify vt.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由
How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing (教材P56)我有什么理由坐在那
里什么都不做呢
情景导学
The criticism was wholly unjustified.这样的批评完全是不公平的。
How will you justify this pay cut to your employees
你将如何向你的员工解释这次减薪的理由
归纳拓展
①justify (doing) sth.     
②       向……对……作出解释
③     adj.不公正的;不正当的;不必要的
|
证明(做)某事是正当的
justify...to...
unjustified
④justified adj.有正当理由的;合乎情理的
⑤justifiable adj.有理由的;可证明是正当的;情有可原的
⑥justifiably adv.理所当然地;无可非议地
单句语法填空
7-1 (2019江苏,阅读理解A, )Buxton is      (justifiable) proud of its cul-
tural life and you'll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the perform-
ing arts.
解析 考查副词。句意:巴克斯顿有理由为其文化生活感到自豪,你会发现很多
适合各种口味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。空处修饰其后形容词proud,故
用副词形式作状语。
7-2 ( )The passage is meant to justify      (pay) for faster services.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:这篇文章是为了证明为更快的服务付费是正当
的。justify doing sth.证明做某事是正当的。
justifiably
paying
7-3 ( )I felt that the punishment was not       (justify),and I
believed I deserved a second chance.
解析 考查形容词。句意:我觉得这种惩罚是不合理的,并且我认为我应该再得
到一次机会。设空处作表语,意为“合理的;有道理的”,故应用形容词justified或
justifiable。
justified/justifiable
      out of shape 健康状况不好
Sitting for long hours every day in an office for several years, Nancy Jones felt that
she was getting out of shape and decided that she needed to get some exercise.(教材P
58)
连续几年每天长时间坐在办公室里,南希·琼斯觉得自己的身体状况正在变差,并
决定她需要做些运动了。
情景导学
He's in good shape for a man of his age.
作为他那个年纪的人来说,他身体不错。
The pool is in the shape of a heart.
这个游泳池呈心形。
|
His ideas were shaped deeply by his experiences during the war.
他的思想深受战时经历的影响。
归纳拓展
①shape n.      v.     
②     (good) shape 身体状况好;(某物)状况好;健康
③in the shape of        
形状,外形,样子
使成为……形状,塑造,影响……的发展
in
呈……的形状
单句语法填空
8-1 (2020天津,12, )For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake in
     shape of a monkey.
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:为了我的五岁生日,我妈妈为我烤了一个猴子形状
的蛋糕。in the shape of呈……的形状。
8-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )The children who played with puzzles performed
better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and
translate(转变)      (shape).
解析 考查名词单复数。句意:在评估旋转和转变形状的能力的任务中,玩益智
游戏的孩子比不玩的孩子表现得更好。设空处作动词rotate和translate的宾语,且
由语境可知此处不止一种形状。故用名词复数形式。
the
shapes
8-3 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,听力, )Hello,my name is Jack. I need to get     
shape. How do I register for the classes
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:你好,我叫杰克。我需要保持健康。我如何注册这
些课程呢 in shape健康;身体状况好。
8-4 (2018浙江,七选五, )By choosing to keep the outside of the home    
great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
解析 考查介词。句意:通过选择使房子的外部状况保持良好,你将有助于改善
该地区的外观和感觉。in great/good shape状况良好。
in
in
      “if+形容词”结构
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to
the burnt skin.(教材P51)
如果有必要的话,用剪刀把所有衣服剪掉,除非你看到有布料粘在了烧伤或烫伤
的皮肤上面。
情景导学
Send the goods now if (they are) ready.
货物若已备好,现在就发货。
If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.
这事若是事实,这将给我们造成许多麻烦。
|
If (it is) possible, let me know beforehand.
如果可能的话,让我事先知道。
归纳拓展
“if+形容词”这一结构可视为在if与形容词之间省略了“主语+be动词”。
其中有一些相对固定的搭配,如:if     如果可能的话;if     如果有
必要的话;if so如果是这样的话;if not如果不是;if any如果有的话等。
possible
necessary
完成句子
1-1 (2019 课标全国Ⅱ, 听力, )女:怀特先生,请稍等。我要查一下记事簿。那
么,您什么时候方便呢
男:如果可能的话,今天某个时间。我听说他明天要走。
W: Just a second, Mr. White. I'll look in the diary. So, when's convenient for you
M: Sometime today      . I hear he'll be away tomorrow.
句型转换
1-2 ( )They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if it is
necessary, come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.
→They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and       ,
come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.
if possible
if necessary
      “have+宾语+宾补”结构
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard
someone screaming from another table. (教材P56)
陈伟是北京的一名高中生,当他听到另一桌有人在尖叫时,他的晚餐被打断了。
情景导学
There's something wrong with my computer, so I have to have it repaired.
我的电脑出了问题,所以我得让人修理一下。
He was very funny and had us laughing all the way.
他非常滑稽,一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。
|
归纳拓展
若宾语和宾补之间是被动关系则用:
①have sth.      使某事被做(可能是主语参与做,也可能是主语让别人做);
(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况
若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用:
②have sb./sth.      sth.让某人/某物做某事
③have sb./sth.      sth.让某人/某物一直做某事
done
do
doing
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020天津,14, )The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its
feet      (clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:那位舞蹈演员极好的表演让观众在演出结束的时
候起立鼓掌10分钟。句子的谓语动词是had,设空处是非谓语动词作宾补,动词
clap与宾语the audience之间是主动关系,由句意可知,此处指让某人一直做某事,
故用现在分词。
2-2 (2018天津,7, )I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph
     (take).
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:我需要一个新护照,因此我得照张相片。宾语my
photograph与take之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词作宾补。
clapping
taken
2-3 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解A, )Who can help you if you want to have your
music      (produce)
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你想让你的音乐被制作出来,谁能够帮你
have sth. done意为“让某事被做”,故用过去分词作宾补。
完成句子
2-4 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,书面表达, )为了准备比赛,我打算让我们的队友每天下
午4点聚集在一起,练习我们的合作和技巧。(have sb. done/do)
To prepare for the match,I plan to                    
every day at 4:00 pm and practise our cooperation and techniques.
produced
have our teammates gathered/gather
复习动词-ing形式
一、概述
动词-ing形式既具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在
句中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语等成分。
二、动词-ing形式的基本形式
观察
Predicting the future is really difficult.
预测未来是很困难的。
Having left all my friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school.
由于离开了我所有的朋友,在新学校我感到害羞和孤独。
Not receiving a reply from him, she felt upset.
没有收到他的回复,她感到不安。
He insisted on being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
他坚持要别人叫他Turner医生而不是Turner先生。
His/Tom's being late made the teacher very angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away 被给了这样
一个好机会,她怎么能让它溜走呢
归纳
(1)一般式:①     ,表示主动和进行。
(2)完成式:②     ,表示其动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
(3)一般式的被动形式:③     。
(4)完成式的被动形式:④      。
doing
having done
being done
having been done
(5)否定式:在动词-ing形式前面加⑤     。
(6)复合结构:在动词-ing形式前面加名词所有格、⑥      、名词普通格或人称代词宾格。
三、动词-ing形式需要注意的几点用法
观察1
Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.步行是一种对年
轻人和老年人来说都很不错的运动形式。
It is a waste of time waiting here.在这里等着是浪费时间。
Singing is my hobby, and to sing at parties is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好,在聚会上唱歌是我的梦想。
not
形容词性物主代词
归纳1
(1)动词-ing形式作主语时,有时为了平衡句子结构,可用it作⑦     ,而把动
词-ing形式后置。常见句式有:
it's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间
it's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的
it's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
(2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用⑧     。
(3)动词-ing形式和动词不定式都可以作主语。动词-ing形式作主语表示
⑨     行为,动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
观察2
We enjoy swimming very much because it is good for our health.我们非常喜欢游
泳,因为它对我们的健康有益。
形式主语
单数
抽象的一般
归纳2
动词-ing形式可以作⑩     的宾语或介词的宾语。常见的跟动词-ing形式
作宾语的动词(短语)有:admit、advise、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、de-
ny、enjoy、escape、fancy、finish、forgive、imagine、keep(on)、mind、miss、
practise、risk、suggest、give up、can't help、can't stand等。
观察3
Our duty is helping the disabled.我们的责任是帮助残疾人。
The movie is exciting.这部电影令人兴奋。
归纳3
动词-ing形式作表语可以分为两种情况:
(1)说明主语的      ,表语和主语可以互换位置。
(2)说明主语的      。
动词
内容
性质或特征
观察4
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
任何人都不允许在阅览室大声喧哗。
Do you know the boy waiting under the tree
你认识那个在树下等着的男孩吗
归纳4
动词-ing形式作定语可分为两种情况:
(1)说明被修饰词的      。
(2)说明被修饰词的      。
用途
动作
观察5
His father saw him sitting on some eggs.
他父亲看见他坐在一些鸡蛋上面。
She couldn't have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
归纳5
动词-ing形式一般在      、使役动词后作宾语补足语,用以补充说明宾
语的状况。常见的感官动词(短语)有feel、hear、listen to、look at、notice、ob-
serve、see、watch等;常见的使役动词有get、have、leave等。
观察6
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
听到这个好消息,他高兴地跳了起来。
感官动词
Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help.
因为不知道该做些什么,他向老师寻求了帮助。
归纳6
动词-ing形式可以作      、      、伴随状语、条件状语、结
果状语、让步状语等。动词-ing形式作状语时需要注意以下几点:
1.时间性。如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,
则用一般式;如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
则用完成式。
2.语态性。动词-ing形式若与句子主语之间是主动关系,则用主动形式;若与句子
主语之间是被动关系,则用被动形式。
3.有时出于强调或表达需要,动词-ing形式前可以加when、while、after、be-
fore、if、though、unless、as if等从属连词。
时间状语
原因状语
单句语法填空
1.(2020浙江,语法填空, )Later, they learned to work with the seasons,    
(plant) at the right time and, in dry areas,      (make) use of annual floods
to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学着随着季节的变更劳作,在合适的时
间种植,在干旱的地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。空处与主语they之间为主动
关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。
2.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解D, )      (glow) plants could reduce this dis-
tance and therefore help save energy.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:发光植物可以缩短这一距离,从而有助于节约能
源。空处作定语,修饰其后的名词plants,两者之间为主动关系。故用现在分词作
定语。
planting
making
Glowing
3.(2020浙江,阅读理解C, ) Still,      (continue) to challenge yourself
mentally and      (keep) your mind busy can only help.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:不过,不断地在精神上挑战自己并让自己的大脑
保持忙碌只能提供帮助。空处由并列连词and连接起来构成并列成分作主语。
故用动名词形式。
4.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解B, ) After high school, Jennifer attended a local
technical college,      (work) to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no
extra money set aside for a college education.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:高中毕业后,珍妮弗上了当地的一所技术院校,同
时打工来支付学费,因为没有多余的钱能留出来支付大学教育的费用。空处与主
语Jennifer之间为主动关系,且伴随attended这一动作。故用现在分词作伴随状语。
continuing
keeping
working
5.(2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B改编, ) The language is almost      (fasci-
nate),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:那语言几乎令人着迷,一位上了年纪的作家在回
顾一个雄心勃勃而又更加单纯的时代。空处表示“令人着迷的”,说明主语的特
征,用已经形容词化的现在分词作表语。
6.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, ) My first job was      (work) at the Ukiah
Library when I was 16 years old.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:我16岁时的第一份工作是在乌基亚图书馆工作。
空处作表语,解释主语的内容。故用动名词形式。
fascinating
working
7.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )Now, I see my children      (take) their
children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on
from generation to generation.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书馆,
我喜欢这种去图书馆的兴奋代代相传。此处为“see sb. doing sth.”结构,take与
my children之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
8.(2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )They share a front door and a      (wash)
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living
room on the ground floor.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:她们共用一扇前门和一台洗衣机,但丽塔·怀特海
德在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。空处作定语,说明被修饰词的用
途。故用动名词形式。
taking
washing
9.(2020浙江,阅读理解B, ) Now he hopes that other cities will consider   
(make) their streets run smarter instead of just      (make)them bigger.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,他希望其他城市能考虑让它们的街道运行
得更智能,而不仅仅是让它们变得更大。第一个空作动词consider的宾语,意为
“考虑做某事”;第二空作介词短语instead of的宾语。故用动名词形式。
10.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,阅读理解C, ) Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical
insights and cultural references,      (make) his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:Bissell先生巧妙地组织了历史见解和文化参考,使
他的故事从西方人的角度全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。空处表示自然而然的结果,
故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
making
making
making
11.(2019 课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解B, )     (learn) English as a second lan-
guage can be a painful experience.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:把英语作为第二语言来学习可能会是一种痛苦的
经历。该句缺主语,而且学英语为经常性的动作,不是指具体某一次,所以填动名
词Learning。
12.(2019 课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut
reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,     (lead) to
a belief that populations are increasing.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:最近几年,努纳武特地区的一些因纽特人报告说,
他们在人类居住区周围看到熊的次数增加了,这让人们相信熊的数量正在增加。
该句已有谓语动词reported,所以此处使用非谓语动词形式,此处表示自然而然的
结果,故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
Learning
leading
13.(2019 课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's
Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly      (read) her e-book as she waits for
her salad.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:Marian Bechtel独自坐在西棕榈滩路易酒吧的柜
台前,一边静静地读着电子书,一边等着她的沙拉。分析句子结构可知,此处应使
用非谓语动词形式,又因read与Marian Bechtel之间是主动关系,故使用reading,在
此处作伴随状语。
14.(2019 课标全国Ⅲ,七选五, )In an online class,      (develop)
healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:在网络课堂上,与教授之间形成健康的交流模式
非常重要。该句缺主语,且此处表示抽象的一般行为,所以用动名词developing。
reading
developing
15.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D, )The key to successful small talk is     
(learn) how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:成功的闲聊的关键在于学会如何与他人建立联
系,而不仅仅是与他们交流。该句缺表语,用于解释说明主语的内容,故填动名词
learning。
16.(2018课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空改编, )China's approach to protecting its envi-
ronment while      (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and
food policymakers worldwide.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国在养活自己的公民的同时保护环境的方法为
全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供了有用的经验。China和动词feed构成逻辑
上的主动关系,故使用现在分词短语作时间状语。
learning
feeding
17.(2018天津,阅读理解B, )A group of people sitting in the hall stopped
     (talk) and stared at us.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:坐在大厅里的一群人停止了谈话,盯着我们看。
stop doing sth.停止做某事,故填talking。
18.(2018天津,阅读理解B, )The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探
的),      (keep) their eyes on me with curiosity.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:大厅里的人似乎很爱窥探,一直好奇地注视着
我。该句已有谓语动词seemed,所以此处使用非谓语动词形式,又因keep与其逻
辑主语The people之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词短语作状语。
talking
keeping
19.(2018浙江,七选五, )Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an
     (excite)experience.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:搬到一个在新社区的新家是一种令人兴奋的经
历。此处应用形容词化的现在分词exciting表示“令人兴奋的”。
20.(2018浙江,语法填空, )I still remember      (visit)a friend who'd
lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in
all that time.
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:我仍然记得拜访过一位在这里生活了五年的朋
友,当我得知她在那段时间里一次饭也没做过时,我很震惊。空格处是非谓语动
词作宾语,根据语境可知此处表达“记得做过某事”,应该用remember doing sth.,
所以答案为visiting。
exciting
visiting