Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① technique n.技能；技术；技艺
② organ n.（人或动植物的）器官
③ ray n.光线；光束；（热、电等）射线
④ radiation n.辐射；放射线
⑤ acid n.酸adj.酸的；酸性的
⑥ victim n.受害者；患者
⑦ fabric n.织物；布料；（社会、机构等的）结构
⑧ wrap vt.包、裹；（用手臂等）围住
⑨ slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
⑩ mosquito n.（pl.-oes，-os）蚊子
carpet n.地毯
ambulance n.救护车
delay vi.&vt.推迟；延期（做某事）vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟
needle n.针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
ward n.病房
ankle n.踝；踝关节
panic vi.&vt.（使）惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
scream vi.&vt.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊；大声叫n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
fellow adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
choke vi.&vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽
steak n.牛排；肉排
fist n.拳；拳头
grab vt.抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺
motion n.运动；移动
justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
welfare n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
collapse vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒
suburb n.郊区；城外
2.拓展单词
① minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ minority n.少数；少数民族
② electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ electricity n.电
③ swollen adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的→ swell vi.膨胀；肿胀
④ nerve n.神经→ nervous adj.神经紧张的
⑤ loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ loosely adv.宽松地
⑥ urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
⑦ ease vi.&vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在→ easy adj.简单的→ easily adv.简单地
⑧ operate v.操作；经营→ operator n.电话接线员；操作员→ operation n.操作；经营
⑨ drown vi.&vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→ drowning adj.快要淹死的→ drowned adj.死的；溺亡的
⑩ bleed v.流血；失血→ bleeding n.流血；失血
interrupt vi.&vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→ interruptionn.打断；打岔；中止
desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→ desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地
practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→ practice n.实践；通常的做法
tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→ tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv.紧紧地；牢固地
foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾
membership n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→ member n.成员
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1. lead to 导致；通向
2. be divided into 被分成
3. at once 马上；立刻
4. stick to 坚持；粘住
5. make sure 确信；证实
6. suffer from 忍受；遭受
7. prevent…from… 阻止……做……
8. sense of touch 触觉
9. first aid 急救
10. a variety of 各种各样的
11. help sb. to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
12. face up/down 面朝上（朝下）
13. sleep in 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
14. stand by 袖手旁观；继续支持
15. be concerned about 担心
16. out of shape 健康状况不好
17. in need 需要
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。
It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
2.可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3.在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4.根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
5.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
6.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
7.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声打断了他的进餐。
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
8.只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。
He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
9.离开前，他们（医生）建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。
They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
10.事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。
It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1.
结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 如果发生交通事故，有人受伤，可采用以下步骤治疗伤者。（条件状语从句; be injured; treat; the injured）
2. 我们应该确保事故现场的安全，以免受伤。（make sure; the accident scene; so that; get hurt）
3. 我们应该问问伤者是否没事，看看他是否有呼吸。（the injured person; breathing）
4. 如果他出血严重，我们应该通过对伤口施压来止血。（bleed badly; it is vital that; apply pressure to）
5. 如有必要，尽快将伤者送往医院。（if necessary; as soon as possible）
If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured. In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.
丰实底蕴·素养融通
说文解字
由单元词汇justify的后缀-ify说起
后缀-fy既可以充当派生词缀与形容词和名词相结合，也可以加缀在词根后面。由-fy构成的动词多是及物的。这时-fy 的意思为to make…（使成为；使……化）。在少数由-fy构成的不及物动词中，-fy的意思为to become…（成为……）。由于读音的关系，-fy与以辅音结尾的词基之间，往往需要添加字母i，由e结尾的词则往往变e为i，所以也可以把-ify看成-fy的异体。以-fy结尾的动词的相对应的名词派生词一般以-fication或-faction结尾。试看下面两例：
1. classify（class n.等级，种类；-ify→classify使化成等级或种类）
Employees in the post office classify mail according to the place where it is to go.
邮局的职员根据邮件的目的地进行分拣工作。
2. uglify （ugly丑陋的；-fy→uglify丑化；使难看）
A scar uglifies his face. 一块伤疤使他的脸变丑了。
经典美句
Titanic《泰坦尼克号》
1. I love waking up in the morning and not knowing what’s going to happen, or who I’m going to meet, where I’m going to wind up.
我喜欢早上起来时一切都是未知的，不知会遇见什么人，会有什么样的结局。
2. I figure life is a gift and I don’t intend on wasting it. You never know what hand you’re going to get dealt next. You learn to take life as it comes at you.
我觉得生命是一份礼物，我不想浪费它。你不会知道下一手牌会是什么，要学会接受生活。
3. To make each day count.
要让每一天都有所值。
5Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. drown /dra n/vi.&vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→ drowning /'dra n /adj.溺水的→ drowned /'dra nd/adj.淹死的
2. bleeding /'bli: d /n.流血；失血→ bleed /bli: d/vi.流血；失血→ blood /bl d/n.血
3. interrupt /, nt 'r pt/vi.&vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→ interruption /, nt 'r p n/n.打断；打岔；中止
4. desperate /'desp r t/adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→ desperately /'desp r tli/adv.绝望地；拼命地；不顾一切地
5. practical /'pr kt kl/adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→ practice /'pr kt s/n.实践；通常的做法
6. tightly /'ta tli/adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→ tight /ta t/adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv.紧紧地；牢固地
7. justify /'d st fa /vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→ just /d st/adj.公正的；合理的
8. foggy /'f ɡi/adj.有雾的→ fog /f ɡ/n.雾
9. membership /'memb p/n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→ member /'memb （r）/n.会员；成员
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
2. face up/down面朝上（朝下）
3. sleep in迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
4. 袖手旁观；支持 stand by
5. 担心 be concerned about
6. 需要 in need
7. 健康状况不好 out of shape
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 have sth. done
教材原句 Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在 吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声打断了 他的进餐。
中文例句 秦始皇把所有的城墙连接起来。
句式仿写 The Emperor Qinshihuang had all the wall joined up .
2.
句型公式 so…that…引导结果状语从句
教材原句 It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. 事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。
中文例句 他很聪明，能解决那个难题。
句式仿写 He is so clever that he can solve that difficult problem.
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
该部分的阅读语篇介绍了一位名叫Chen Wei的高中生运用海姆立克急般法疑人的事迹；同学们在分析语篇站构的同时，把握己叙文的写作特点，体会段落之间的衔搂和过渡，然后写一篇记叙文，有条理地叙述自己或他人实施急救的经历。
文本改写
教材原文 Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once. With the help of Zhang’s friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left. Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure that the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare.” 教材译文 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声打断了他的进餐。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的同席进餐的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。 陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着, 陈伟站在张涛的背后, 实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后, 救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检查，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。 噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生享利·海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会怎样做。 如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了：人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是: 站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部。一只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。 不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他恢复呼吸。救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静, 且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道：“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢？大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”
请将范文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.立刻；马上
at once/immediately
2.多亏了他的努力
thanks to his efforts
3.被强迫挤出
be forced out
4.在任何意想不到的时候
at any unexpected time
5.处于麻烦中
in trouble
【句型运用】
1.陈伟的晚餐被打断了。（have sth. done）
Chen Wei had his dinner interrupted.
2.他听到另一张桌子上有人尖叫。（hear sb. doing）
He heard someone screaming from another table.
3.在餐馆一同吃饭的一位叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。（主谓状）
A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, at the restaurant, was choking on some steak.
4.他立刻站起来，跑到张的桌子前。（并列谓语）
He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once.
5.他做了海姆立克急救法。（主谓宾）
He did the Heimlich manoeuvre.
6.多亏了他的努力，食物很快就被挤出去了。（thanks to）
Thanks to his efforts, the food was instantly forced out.
7.张某又开始呼吸。（主谓状）
Zhang began to breathe again.
8.学习海姆立克急救法是必须的。（动名词作主语；a must）
Learning the Heimlich manoeuvre is a must.
9.在任何意想不到的时候窒息都会发生。（动名词作主语；happen）
Choking happens at any unexpected time.
10.我们有责任挽救任何处于危险中的人。（形式主语it）
It is our responsibility to save anyone in trouble.
【句式升级】
1.用when引导时间状语从句合并句1和句2。
Chen Wei had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
2.用并列连词and连接句4和句5。
He got up, ran to Zhang’s table at once and did the Heimlich manoeuvre.
3.用并列连词for连接句8和句9。
Learning the Heimlich manoeuvre is a must, for choking happens at any unexpected time.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Chen Wei had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner, Zhang Tao, at the restaurant, was choking on some steak. He got up, ran to Zhang’s table at once and did the Heimlich manoeuvre. Thanks to his efforts, the food was instantly forced out. As a result, Zhang began to breathe again.
So learning the Heimlich manoeuvre is a must, for choking happens at any unexpected time. It is our responsibility to save anyone in trouble.
实战演练
1.假设你是李华。在下午放学回家的路上，你发现邻居Bob叔叔因病躺在路边呼吸微弱，于是在路人的帮助下进行急救，并叫来救护车将其送往医院。请根据以上提示写一篇短文，记述整个过程。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
解析：写作指导
体裁 关于急救的记叙文
时态 以一般过去时为主
人称 第一、三人称
要点 1. 在下午放学回家的路上, 发现邻居Bob叔叔因病躺在路 边失去知觉 2. 于是在路人的帮助下进行急救 3. 路人叫来救护车将其送往医院 4. 发表感想
答案：One possible version：
I was walking home after school this afternoon when I noticed my neighbour Uncle Bob lying by the roadside, unconscious.
It was clear that he nearly stopped breathing. With the help of the passers-by, I closed his nose with my fingers, and breathed into his mouth until he began to breathe smoothly again. One of the passers-by offered to call for an ambulance. Several minutes later, the ambulance arrived, and took him to the hospital.
The doctor said I had done a great job, saving the life of Uncle Bob. I felt proud of it.
高级短语及句式
1. with the help of 在……的帮助下
2. breathe smoothly 呼吸顺畅
3. offer to call for an ambulance 主动叫救护车
4. feel proud of 感到自豪
5. I was walking home after school this afternoon when I noticed my neighbour Uncle Bob lying by the roadside, unconscious. 今天下午放学走路回家时，我发现邻居鲍勃叔叔躺在路边，不省人事。
6. It was clear that he nearly stopped breathing. 很明显，他几乎停止了呼吸。
7. The doctor said I had done a great job, saving the life of Uncle Bob. 医生说我做得很好，救了鲍勃叔叔的命。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. drown vi.&vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没（教材P54）
典例翻译
①He was drowned in sleep so he did not feel it was raining.
他在酣睡中，因此没有感到天在下雨。
②He called up his memories and drowned himselfin them.
他回想起过去的事情而沉浸其中。
归纳拓展
（1）被盖住；被淹没在
be drowned in
使……淹没在……；借……消除……
drown…in…
（2） drowning adj.快要淹死的
drowned adj.死的；溺亡的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He saved a boy from drowning（drown） last week.
②At the cheerful news, he was drowned in excitement.
（2）完成句子
③看到溺水的男孩在水中挣扎, 他的朋友们毫不犹豫地跳了进去。
Seeing the drowning boy struggling in the water , his friends jumped in without hesitation.
2. panic vi.&vt.（使）惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
When listening to instructions in English, you should listen carefully and don’t panic. 在听英语指令时，你应该仔细听，不要惊慌。（教材P55）
典例翻译
①The crowd panicked at/over/about the sound of the guns.
群众听到枪声感到恐慌。
②The big fire panicked him into jumping from the third floor to the ground.
大火吓得他从三楼跳到了地上。
③She got into a panic when she thought she’d lost the tickets.
她以为自己把入场券弄丢了，惊慌失措。
④When the people heard the news, they fled the village in panic.
当人们听到这个消息时，他们惊慌失措地逃离了村子。
归纳拓展
（1）因……而恐慌
panic over/about/at…
使某人惊慌地做某事
panic sb. into doing sth.
（2）使陷入惊慌状态
get into a panic
惊慌失措地
in panic
误区警示
panic的过去式及过去分词为panicked, panicked；现在分词是panicking。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The whole class panicked（panic） when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.
②Many people were panicked into leaving the country.
③Not only do online rumors cause people in panic, but they disturb public order.
（2）完成句子
④那位女士发现儿子不见时十分惊慌。
When she found her son out of sight, the lady got into a panic .
3. desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。（教材P56）
典例翻译
①Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he is desperate for fame.
从他的言行来看，我们可以得出这样的结论：他急于出名。
②After ten years of hard study, he is desperate to pass the college entrance examination.
经过十年的努力学习，他非常渴望通过大学入学考试。
归纳拓展
（1）极想某物
be desperate for
极想做某事
be desperate to do sth.
（2）desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；非常地
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We are all desperate to visit（visit） the Great Wall some day.
②Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately（desperate） and after several attempts finally made it.
（2）完成句子
③这个女孩急需一本有用的书。
The girl is desperate for a book that is useful.
4. grab vt.抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺
Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压胃部。（教材P56）
典例翻译
①She grabbed at/for the branch, missed and fell.
她抓树枝，可没抓着，就跌倒了。
②Jim grabbed a cake from the plate.
吉姆从盘子里抓了一块蛋糕。
归纳拓展
（1）试图抓住……
grab at/for…
（2）从……抓住……
grab…from…
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①By the time we arrived, someone had grabbed（grab） all the good seats.
②He grabbed for/at the rope for several times and made it at last.
5. face up/down面朝上（朝下）
Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. 相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他恢复呼吸。（教材P56）
典例翻译
①In the face of new opportunities brought by new science and technology, every country has an equal right to development.
在新科技带来的新机遇面前，每个国家都有平等发展的权利。
②In no way should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.
面对困难时，你决不应该失去信心。
③Various activities were organized, at which writers and readers communicated face to face.
在组织的各项活动中，作者和读者面对面交流。
归纳拓展
（1）面对……
in the face of/be faced with
（2）面对面
face to face
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Studying at the same school, they are faced（face） with the same problem.
②Contrary to our expectation, he showed great bravery in the face of danger.
（2）完成句子
③下班的路上, 我发现他面朝下躺在灌木丛里。
On the way from work, I found him lying face down in the bushes.
重点句型
1. have sth. done
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声打断了他的进餐。（教材P56）
典例翻译
①He hoped to find a good way to have his written English improved in a short period.
他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。
②Unfortunately, he had his right leg injured during the training.
不幸的是，他在训练中右腿受伤了。
归纳拓展
（1）have sth. done“使某事被做”，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做，还可表示遭遇或经历某种不幸的事情。
（2）动词have的其他结构：
have sb. do让某人做……
have sb./sth. doing让某人/某物一直做……
have sth. to do有某事要做
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He was very funny and had us laughing （laugh） all the way.
②I have a lot of reading to complete（complete）before the end of this term.
（2）完成句子
③别担心。我让汤姆帮你完成这项工作。
Don’t worry. I’ll have Tom help you finish the work .
④睡觉前我必须做完我的家庭作业。
I must have my homework done before going to bed.
2. so…that…引导结果状语从句
It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. 事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。（教材P56）
典例翻译
①Usually, it’s so crowded on the bus that I can’t find anywhere to sit.
通常，公交车上太拥挤了，我找不到坐的地方。
②We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
我们做得很好，因此我们被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。
③He is so clever a boy that he can work the problem out.
他是个很聪明的男孩，能解出这道题。
④There was so much work to do that everybody got bored.
有这么多的工作要做，人人都感到厌烦了。
归纳拓展
（1）so…that…结构：
so+adj./adv.that…
so+adj.a/an单数可数名词that…
so+many/much/few/little（少）名词that…
（2）such…that…引导结果状语从句。其基本结构为：
suchadj.不可数名词that…
suchadj.可数名词复数that…
sucha/anadj.可数名词单数that…soadj.a/an 可数名词单数that…
（3）当so/such…that结构中的so/such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行倒装（that引导的结果状语从句不倒装）。
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①北京发展很快, 你永远无法想象明年会是什么样子。
Beijing is developing so fast that you can never imagine what it will be like next year.
（2）句型转换
②This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.
→ This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.（so…that…）
③The article is difficult so that I can hardly understand it.
→ So difficult is the article that I can hardly understand it.（改为倒装句）
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.I’m sorry tointerrupt（打扰） you, but I really have something important to tell you.
2.She screamed（大声尖叫） for help from the window of the burning hotel.
3.As an adult, Wordsworth worked hard with another fellow（同伴的） poet.
4.The restaurant is in a bad condition, so there is not a diner（就餐者） at all.
5.Fish and seabirds mistake plastic for food and choke（窒息） to death.
6.The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual（手动的） fire alarm systems.
7.We were running a little late and the weather was cold and foggy（有雾的）.
8.They are very practical（实用的） and easy to wash.
9.I held the rope tightly（紧紧地） in case I might fall off.
10.They feel no need at all to justify（为……辩护） the choice.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
at once；face down；help sb. to one’s feet；in fact；make sure；out of shape；sleep in；with the help of
1.When she saw an old man fall down, she went up to help him to his feet .
2.The little boy is sleeping, facing down .
3.The young man is so lazy that he always sleeps in every day.
4.Increasing numbers of children are overweight and out of shape .
5. With the help of her English teacher, she was able to concentrate on her study.
6.Experts insist that we should take action at once .
7. In fact , life gets more enjoyable as you age.
8. Make sure to take in the view from the tea shop on the top floor；it’s well worth the visit.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner 1. （interrupt） when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table at once and did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was 2. （instant） forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again.
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes 3. they collapse and sometimes die, 4. （leave） no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, the Heimlich manoeuvre was created 5. 1974.
The steps to perform the Heimlich manoeuvre are as follows. Stand behind the victim and wrap your 6. （arm） around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. 7. （grab） your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until 8. obstruction is forced out.
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child 9. （be） not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head 10. （low） than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
1. interrupted
2. instantly
3. before
4. leaving
5.in
6. arms
7. Grabbing
8. the
9. is
10. lower
15Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（复习动词-ing 形式）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P50）It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
2. （教材P50）As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3. （教材P50）The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4. （教材P51）Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
5. （教材P51）Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
观察上面句子，并分别写出句中动词-ing形式的语法功能：
句1中的v.-ing形式在句中作宾语；句2中的v.-ing形式在句中作主语；句3中的v.-ing形式在句中作表语；句4中的v.-ing形式在句中作定语；句5中的v.-ing形式在句中作状语。
要点精析
Ⅰ. v.-ing形式的构成
一般式 完成式
主动式 doing having done
被动式 being done having been done
Ⅱ. v.-ing形式的功能
1. v.-ing形式作主语
（1）v.-ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。
（2020全国Ⅰ卷）Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 重新读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。
（2）有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主语。
It’s no use advising him. 劝他没用。
2. v.-ing形式作宾语
（1）能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forget, keep, imagine, stop, mind, miss, mention, practise, begin, start, like, hate, remember, regret, require, resist, suggest等。
Stop comparing yourself with others.（2020全国卷Ⅰ）
不要拿你自己和别人比较。
The master keeps thinking about it.
主人不停地想这件事。
（2）有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和v.-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret todo 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）
doing 接着做（同一件事）
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
（3）下列动词可接v.-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
（4）在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
趣味记忆Mrs P Black missed a bag. P·布莱克夫人丢了一个袋子。该句话中每个字母都代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词后面可跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：M = mind, r = risk, s = succeed in, P = practise, B = be busy, l = look forward to, a = admit, c = can’t help, k = keep（on）, m = miss, i = insist on, s = suggest, s = stop, e = enjoy, d = delay, a = avoid, b = be worth, a = advise, g = give up。
3. v.-ing形式作表语
（1）作表语的v.-ing可以表示一个动作、事实或概念，此时相当于一个名词。
（2020全国卷Ⅱ）My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. 我16岁时的第一份工作是在尤奇亚图书馆工作。
What they are required to do is taking good care of these old people. 他们需要做的就是好好照顾这些老人。
（2）作表语的v.-ing也可以表示“令人……的”，此时相当于一个形容词。
The news is encouraging.
这个消息振奋人心。
4. v.-ing形式作定语
（1）作定语的v.-ing可以表示所修饰名词的用途。
a waiting room（ = a room for waiting）候车室
（2）单个的v.-ing作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之前，v.-ing短语作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之后。
He is a modest and understanding man.
他是一个谦虚且善解人意的人。
（2020全国卷Ⅰ）All customers travellingon TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 所有乘坐TransLink的乘客在上车前必须持有有效车票。
（3）作定语的v.-ing可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，可以转换成定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south（ = a house that faces south）. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
名师点津
注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示主动、进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I’m looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
5. 现在分词（短语）作状语的用法
现在分词（短语）在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
（1）作时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
= When/While(she was)walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时,，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
（2）作原因状语（一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句）
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
= As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
（3）作条件状语（一般放在句首, 可转换成由if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句）
Working hard, you’ll make great progress.
= If you work hard, you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
（4）作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
（5）作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.
= Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边正在读一本书。
名师点津
（1）为强调v.-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切, 但还是让我赔偿损失。
（2）having done作状语，表示现在分词的动作先发生，谓语动词的动作后发生。Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的）
（3）v.-ing形式的否定式：not+v.-ing; not having+v.-ed
Not knowing this, he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
（4）有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from…“从……来判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
6. v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
v.-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
（1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（短语）（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+sb.+doing sth.。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到小男孩在那儿哭。
（2）表示指使意义的使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave等）+sb./sth.+doing sth.。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
（3）用于with复合结构中。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做我的家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.（2020全国Ⅰ卷）In fact, anyone wishing （wish） to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.
2.（2020全国Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking （mark） the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3.（2020全国Ⅱ卷）They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
4.（2020全国Ⅱ卷）Messages with emojis feel more conversational, encouraging (encourage) better and more frequent communication.
5.（2020全国卷Ⅲ）They’ll come rushing in, saying (say) their handbag’s been stolen.
6.On a sunny day, after lunch, she sat there, reading (read) a novel.
7.There was a terrible noise following (follow) the sudden burst of light.
8. Judging （judge） from her letters, Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.
9. Having lived (live) in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
10.Whether you like it or not, travelling (travel) is interesting as well as tiring.
11.Though she has little education, she insists on her son going (go) to college.
12.The teacher told the students to stop writing (write) and to listen (listen) to him.
13.They were very excited (excite) at the news that someone would lend them money.
14.Don’t have the students studying (study) all day, which will reduce their interest in study.
15.Don’t leave her waiting (wait) outside in the rain.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.（2020全国Ⅱ卷）有一条小河穿过农场。(flow)
There is a small river flowing through the farm .
2.学走路的孩子经常摔倒。(learn)
A child learning to walk often falls.
3.这些学生说说笑笑地走进教室。(talk; laugh)
The students walked into the classroom, talking and laughing .
4.孩子们让火一直燃烧着。(burn)
The children kept the fire burning all the time .
5.由于他不懂英语, 他不知道他们想要什么。(understand)
Not understanding English , he didn’t know what they wanted.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1. (fall) in love with a beautiful lady, a lion went to her parents and asked them2. (marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say.
Not 3. (hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4. (anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said,“We are glad 5. (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6. (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”
7. (love) the lady very much, the lion trimmed（修剪） his claws and took out his big teeth. 8. (come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face.9. (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10. (depress)and died soon.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.Falling
解析：1. [语篇解读]这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。
a lion与fall是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示原因。
答案：2.to marry
解析：2.ask sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。
答案：3.hoping
解析：3.they与hope是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didn’t hope to…。
答案：4.to anger
解析：4.want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。
答案：5.to marry
解析：5.在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。
答案：6.removing
解析：6.you与remove是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove…。
答案：7.Loving
解析：7.the lion与love是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作状语，表示原因。
答案：8.Coming
解析：8.he与come是主动关系，用v.-ing形式作伴随状语。
答案：9.Beaten
解析：9.the lion与beat是被动关系，用v.-ed形式作状语，表示原因。
答案：10.depressed
解析：10.表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v.-ed形式作表语。
9UNIT 5 FIRST AID
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元的学习，了解急救的基础知识，加深学生对急救的重要性的理解，培养学生应对突发事件和意外伤害的能力。
语言能力目标 核心单词 technique, organ, ray, radiation, acid, milimetre, minor, victim, fabric, lose, urgent, ease, wrap, bath, slip, mosquito, elderly, carpet, operator, ambulance, delay, nedle, ward, ankle, bled, panic, interupt, scream, felow, choke, steak, desperate, practical, fist, qrab, tight, motion, justify, welfare, colapse, foggy, suburb, membership
重点词块 senseoftouch, electricshock, IVnedle, vitalsign, helpsbtoone’sfet, faceup/down, slepin, outofshape
单元语法 复习和归纳动词-ing形式在句子中的功能和用法。
写作能力 根据本单元所学的知识、技能和策略, 写一篇关于急救的记叙文, 有条理地叙述自己或他人实施急救的经历。
背景导学
It is important to know how to give first aid, particularly in life-threatening situations. Examples of these are choking, excessive（过多的）bleeding, drowning, poisoning and the stopping of one’s breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any immediate situation that involves（涉及）life-threatening matters, before the doctor arrives.
The aims of first aid are: to keep the person alive(This counts for life-threatening and immediate situations.); to stabilize the condition of the person, and lastly, to relieve any pain, discomfort and most importantly, anxiety. Ideally, a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual work and activities.
Almost all of us will have to administer（实施）emergency assistance at some point. And if so, we would have to use a first aid kit. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.
1.Which of the following is not the aims of first aid according to the passage
A. To keep the person alive.
B. To stabilize the condition of the person.
C. To relieve any pain, discomfort and anxiety.
D. To undergo first aid training.
答案：D
2.Why should every home have a first aid supply
A. Because an emergency can happen unexpectedly at home.
B. Because it is important to know how to give first aid.
C. Because first aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person at home.
D. Because not all of us have the opportunity to receive first aid training.
答案：A
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things： hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. ·First-degree burns These affect only the top fewmillimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. ·Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. ·Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns ·dry, red and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed Second-degree burns ·red and swollen; blisters; watery surface ·extremely painful Third-degree burns ·black and white ·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen ·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 教材译文 烧伤急救处理 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障, 能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知, 烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 烧伤的原因 很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。 烧伤的种类 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 ·一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 ·二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。 ·三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤, 或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、微肿 ·微痛 ·受压时变白 二度烧伤 ·发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液 ·极度疼痛 三度烧伤 ·皮肤发黑或变白 ·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织 ·如神经受损, 则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感 急救处理 1将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。 2用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。 3如有必要, 用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服, 除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 4用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。 5如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。 6如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
① millimetre /'m li: mi: t （r）/n.毫米；千分之一米→ metre /'mi: t r/n.米
② minor /'ma n （r）/adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ minority /ma 'n r ti/n.少数；少数民族
③ electric / 'lektr k/adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ electricity / lek’tr s ti/n.电
④ swollen /'sw l n/adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的→ swell /swel/vi.（swelled, swollen）膨胀；肿胀
⑤ nerve /n v/n.神经→ nervous /'n v s/adj.神经紧张的
⑥ loose /lu: s/adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ loosely /'lu: sli/adv.宽松地
⑦ urgent /' d nt/adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ urge / d /vt.催促；极力主张；驱赶
⑧ ease /i: z/vi.&vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在→ easy /'i: zi/adj.容易的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. prevent…from… 阻止……做……
2. lead to 导致；通向
3. be divided into 被分成
4. at once 马上；立刻
5. stick to 坚持；粘住
6. make sure 确信；证实
7. suffer from 忍受；遭受
8. 触觉 sense of touch
9. 急救 first aid
10. 各种各样的 a variety of
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 as引导的定语从句
教材原句 As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。
中文例句 我们大家都知道，遵守交通规则是十分重要的。
句式仿写 As we all know , it’s vital to obey traffic rules.
2.
句型公式 现在分词短语作状语
教材原句 Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
中文例句 （2020全国卷Ⅲ）出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着她提供的所有食物。
句式仿写 Understanding her good intentions , I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
3.
句型公式 if省略结构
教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
中文例句 如果有可能的话，我将亲自去那里一趟。
句式仿写 If possible , I’ll go there myself.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.The writer writes this passage mainly to D .
A.tell us how to protect ourselves from being burned
B.teach us how to do first aid
C.introduce the various degrees of burns to us
D.give us some information about first aid for burns
2.Match the each part with its main idea.
Part 1 A. the three types of burns
Part 2 B. what to do if someone gets burned
Part 3 C. the functions of the skin
Part 4 D. the symptoms of burns
Part 5 E. how we get burned
答案：Part 1 C Part 2 E Part 3 A Part 4 D Part 5 B
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN a barrier against 1. , toxins and the sun’s rays; helping control your body temperature; 2. you when things are too hot or cold; giving you your sense of touch
CAUSES OF BURNS hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicals
TYPES OF BURNS ·First-degree burns: not 3. . ·Second-degree burns: serious ·Third-degree burns：every 4. of the skin; sometimes the tissue under it
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS ·First-degree burns: dry, red and mildly swollen; mildly painful; turn white when 5. ·Second-degree burns: red and swollen; blisters; watery surface; extremely painful·Third-degree burns: black and white; swollen; little or no 6.
FIRST-AID TREATMENT ·Place burns under cool 7. ·Dry the burnt area 8. ·Remove any clothes ·Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the 9. is a bad idea. ·If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 10. ·An urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once
1. disease 2. warning 3. serious 4. layer 5. pressed
6. pain 7. running water 8. gently with a clean cloth 9. injured areas 10. breathe
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What is your body’s largest organ
A.The head.B.The skin.
C.The legs.D.The feet.
答案：B
2.How many types of burns are there altogether
A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.
答案：C
3.Which is the characteristic first and second-degree burns share
A.Being mildly painful.B.Being dry.
C.Being red.D.Blisters.
答案：C
4.Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text
A.It protects you against disease, toxins and the sun’s rays.
B.It helps the heart beat.
C.It helps control your body temperature.
D.It gives you your sense of touch.
答案：B
5.If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and the tissue underneath can often be seen, it belongs to .
A.the first degree
B.the second degree
C.the third degree
D.none of the above
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.① Remove any clothes using scissors ② if necessary , ③ unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin .
【分析】①是一个祈使句，其中现在分词短语using scissors在句中作方式状语；②为省略句，补全后为： if it is necessary ；③中unless意为“除非”，在句中引导条件状语从句。
【译文】如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2.① Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea , ② as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection .
【分析】①中动名词短语在主句中作主语；②中从属连词as在句中引导原因状语从句， and在该从句中连接两个并列的谓语动词。
【译文】在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What is the function of the skin
The skin is an essential part of your body and acts as a barrier against disease.
2.How many types are burns divided into and what are they
Burns are divided into three types; first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.
3.What can we do with the first-degree burns
Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary.
Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
4.How can we deal with a victim suffering from second or third-degree burns
We should send him/her to the hospital at once.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.使用非限制性定语从句改写第1句。
The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essential part of your body.
2.使用同位语结构改写第2句。
Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.
3.使用总结性词汇（common practices）替代第3句中的具体做法。
Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns.
4.使用主从复合句改写第4句。
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essential part of your body. Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns. However, if the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. prevent…from…阻止……做……
It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。（教材P50）
典例翻译
①Nothing can prevent me from doing what I want to.
没有什么能够阻止我想做的事。
②He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.
他说他们不应该被剥夺为学位而学习的权利。
③They were kept from going on holiday by their lack of money.
他们因缺钱而不能去度假。
归纳拓展
阻止……做…… prevent/stop/keep…from doing…
误区警示
①在“stop/prevent/keep…from doing…”中, stop与prevent结构中的from可以省略, “keep…from doing…”中的from不能省略；
②在被动语态中, 以上短语中的介词from都不能省略。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We should prevent the river (from)being polluted (pollute) further.
②That’s the best way you thought of to keep students from getting tired of study.
（2）句型转换
③用被动语态改写句①。
The river should be prevented from being polluted further.
2. injury n.（对躯体的）伤害，损伤
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。（教材P50）
典例翻译
①Be careful, or you’ll do an injury to yourself.
小心，否则你会伤了你自己。
②The injured were sent to the nearest hospital at once.
伤员们立刻被送往最近的医院。
归纳拓展
（1） do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury伤害某人
（2）injure vt.损害；伤害
（3）injured adj.受伤的，委屈的
the injured 伤员（代表一类人；谓语动词常用复数形式）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What the newspaper reported did a great injury to her fame.
②These chemicals come from the injured (injure)parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.
（2）完成句子
③我听说她的儿子在事故中受伤了。
I heard that her son was injured in the accident .
3. minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。（教材P50）
典例翻译
①There may be some minor changes to the schedule.
时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。
②The/A minority of population in the country lives/live in cities.
这个国家的少数人口住在城市里。
③The women are in the/a minority in the organization.
妇女在这个组织中占少数。
归纳拓展
（1）少数的 a/the minority of
（2）minority n.少数; 少数民族
占少数 be in the/a minority
名师点津
the minority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Some minority (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
②These troubled students are only in a small minority.
（2）完成句子
③这个问题并不严重, 应该很快就会解决。
The problem is minor , and it should be quickly overcome.
4. urgent adj.紧急的；紧迫的；迫切的
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。（教材P51）
典例翻译
①In some countries, there is an urgent need for food and water.
在一些国家，急需食物和水。
②They urge the importance of safety.
他们强调安全的重要性。
③There are a lot of old people waiting there urgently.
有很多老人正在那里焦急地等待着。
④In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。
归纳拓展
（1） urge v.力劝；敦促；主张；强烈要求n.强烈的愿望
（2） urgently adv.紧急地，急迫地
（3） urgency n.紧迫；急迫；急事；紧要
学以致用
选词填空(urge/urgently/urgent/ urgency)
①When he was a child, he had an urge to become a film star.
②The doctor has been called to an urgent case.
③She was surprised at the urgency in his voice.
④The money was most urgently required.
5. ease vi.&vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort. 在烧伤处涂黄油或油有效因为它可以减轻肿胀和缓解不适。（教材P51）
典例翻译
①Walking helped to ease him of his pain.
散步帮助减轻了他的痛苦。
②She has an ability to put/set people at ease.
她有能力让人们感到不拘束。
③Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
归纳拓展
（1）使某人消除/减轻…… ease sb. of…
（2）使某人感到舒适、不拘束 put/set sb. at ease
舒适；快活；自由自在 at ease
容易地 with ease
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①At first, he didn’t feel at ease in the strange surroundings but later he adapted to it.
②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
（2）完成句子
③这种音乐有助于减轻他的痛苦。
This kind of music helps ease him of his pain .
重点句型
1. as引导的定语从句
As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。（教材P50）
典例翻译
①As we all know( = As is known to all), walking every day does good to our health.
大家都知道，每天散步对我们的健康有好处。
②She is late, as is often the case.
她迟到了，这是经常的事。
③As is mentioned above, the number of the people who exercise in the morning, is increasing.
正如上面提到的，晨练的人数在增加。
归纳拓展
（1）众所周知 as is known to all/as we all know
（2）这是常有的事 as is often the case
（3）正如上面所提到的 as is mentioned above
学以致用
完成句子
① As we all know/As is known to all , friendship always comes first.
我们都知道，友谊总是第一位的。
②The hall, as is often the case , becomes very crowded.
大厅里变得非常拥挤，情况常常如此。
③ As is mentioned above , where there is a will, there is a way.
如上所述，有志者事竟成。
2. if省略结构
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。（教材P51）
典例翻译
①I’d like to help you find a proper host family nearby the university if necessary.
如果有必要的话，我想帮助你在大学附近找到一个合适的寄宿家庭。
②If so, it is time for you to think again.
如果这样的话，你需要再考虑一下了。
③I think there’s a train at midday. If not, you’ll have to wait till 12：30.
我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到12点半了。
④I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam if possible.
如果可能的话我希望你能理解，我必须不遗余力地在期末考试当中考好。
归纳拓展
（1）如果是这样的话 if so
（2）如果不是这样的话 if not
（3）如果有可能 if possible
（4）if ever如果有过/发生过的话
（5）if any如果有的话
学以致用
完成句子
①Do you agree that I will put off our visit to Yunnan If so , write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.
你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同, 请尽快写信告诉我。
②Theclimatehereisquitepleasant, thetemperaturerarely, if ever , reaching 30℃ in summer.
这里的气候宜人, 在夏季温度如果曾经有过也极少达到30摄氏度。
③I might see you tomorrow. If not , then it’ll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。
④Walk around every hour or so, if possible .
如果可能，每隔大约一个小时都走动走动。
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The victim （受害者） suffered a serious injury and lost a lot of blood.
2.I look for the discount store advertised in the leaflet （传单）.
3.As we can see, her self-confidence develops alongside her technique （技能）.
4.In the nearest hospital, the boy was treated for a minor （轻微的）head wound.
5.The waiter told us these wines might taste rather hard and somewhat acid （酸的）.
6.A huge blister （水泡） covered the right side of my face.
7.If a tooth feels very loose （松的）, your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.
8.The heart is one of the most important organs （器官） for human beings, birds and animals.
9.When she did some cleaning, she found a lot of dust underneath （在……底下） the carpet.
10.I brought the garden chairs in from outside and wrapped （包；裹） some fabric on the seats.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
a sense of touch; a variety of; be divided into; depend on; do oneself an injury; electric shock; lead to; prevent…from…; stick to; a part of
1.It is reported that robots, just like human beings, can have a sense of touch .
2.Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
3.The firewall cannot prevent the Internet from being attacked completely.
4.The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data.
5.Whether to go out or stay in the dorm depends on the weather.
6.He got burned so badly that his clothes stuck to his skin.
7.There will be a variety of exhibits in the exhibition in Italy.
8.If you try to lift that heavy suitcase, you will do yourself an injury .
9.Many people assume that too much work can lead to stress.
10.I do it because it’s a part of my job.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
The skin, 1. acts as a barrier against disease, toxins and the sun’s rays, is an essential part of your body. 2. (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. You can get burnt by a variety of things. Burns 3. (divide) into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. First-degree burns are not serious, 4. (affect) only the top few millimetres of the skin. Second-degree burns are serious and take 5. few weeks 6. (get) better. Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin. These burns cause very severe internal 7. (injury) and the victim must go to the hospital at once. As for the first-aid treatment for burns, the following advice may be 8. (help). Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. Dry the burnt area 9. (gentle) with a clean cloth. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary. Cover the burnt area 10. a loose clean cloth. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
1. which 2. Getting 3. are divided 4. affecting 5. a
6. to get 7. injuries 8. helpful 9. gently 10. with
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