Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
单元回顾·总结提升
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① airline n.航空公司
② bay n. (海或湖的)湾
③ antique n.古物；古董adj.古老的；古董的
④ arise vi. ( arose , arisen )起身；出现；由……引起
⑤ bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
⑥ peak n.顶峰；山峰；尖形
⑦ highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；强调；使醒目
⑧ goatn.山羊
⑨ drill vi.&vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)n.钻(头)；训练；演习⑩ bunch n.束；串
frost n.霜；严寒天气；霜冻vt.使蒙上霜vi.结霜
curtain n.窗帘
border n.国界；边界（地区）
duration n.持续时间；期间
enroll vi.&vt.（使）加入；注册；登记
idiom n.习语；成语
contrary adj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实（或事情）
anyhow adv.（结束交谈或转换话题时）不过；反正
alongside prep.在旁边；与……一起adv.在旁边
proceed vi.行进；继续做
steel n.钢；钢铁工业
accent n.口音
owe vt.欠（账、债、情等）
toast n.烤面包片；吐司；干杯vt.为……干杯vi.烤（尤指面包）
2.拓展单词
① pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ pleased adj.高兴的；欢喜的→ pleasing adj.令人愉快的；讨人欢喜的
② massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的→ mass n.大量；众多
③ literally adv.字面上；真正地→ literal adj.字面意义的；缺乏想象力的
④ breath n.呼吸的空气→ breathe v.呼吸
⑤ awesome adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的→ awe n.敬畏；惊叹
⑥ freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→ freeze vi.&vt.（froze， frozen ）结冰；（使）冻住
⑦ anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望→ anticipation n.预料；预期
⑧ thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动n.雷声；轰隆声→ thunderous adj.雷鸣般的
⑨ astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→ astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的→ astonishment n.惊讶；震惊→ astonished adj.惊讶的
⑩ misty adj.多雾的；模糊的→ mist n.薄雾；水汽
advertisement n.广告；启事→ advertise vt.&vi.做广告；登广告→ advertiser n.广告商
photographer n.摄影师；拍照者→ photograph n.照片
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.而不是 rather than
2.一路上 all the way
3.一对；几个 a couple of
4.穿过 pass through
5.令人惊叹 take sb.’s breath away
6.另外；加之；除……之外（还） in addition to
7.极冷的；冻僵的 freezing cold
8.是……的故乡 be home to
9.一束；一串；一群；大量 a bunch of
10.总之；总而言之 all in all
11.相反的；相对立的 contrary to
12.进而做（参加） proceed to sth.
13.游览…… go on a tour of
14.在远处 in the distance
15.在某人去……的路上 on one’s way to
16.和某人聊天 chat with sb.
17.与……相反 in contrast to
18.接近……；靠近…… be close to
19.欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人 owe sth. to sb.
20.梦想；梦见 dream of
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。
Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way， they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
2.从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。
Seen from the train window， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
3.埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.
4.上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
It was not until 9:30 a. m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario， Toronto.
5.李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city.
6.站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。
Standing in the distance， they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls， which is on the south side of the lake.
7.黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐。
They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown Chinatown.
8.在火车站，她们听见人们用法语交谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明对比。
At the station， in contrast to Toronto， they heard people talking in French.
9.两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。
They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.
10.整个下午，她们穿梭于一家家可爱的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的艺术家们。
They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1.结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1. 去年我登上了飞往加拿大大草原的飞机，它在美国和加拿大的边界上。（board；bound；border）
2. 那里的风景真是太棒了，简直让我感到惊叹。（scenery；awesome；spectacular；take one’s breath away）
3. 这次旅行最精彩的是看到了这些动物，包括山羊和灰熊。（highlight；mountain goat；grizzly bear）
4. 当地人告诉我那里冬天很冷，每天平均气温-10℃。（freezingcold；with复合结构）
5. 我的旅行总共历时四天，我期待着再次去那里体验秋霜和寒冬。（anticipate；frost；duration）
I boarded the plane bound for the great Canadian Prairie last year ，which is on the border between America and Canada. The scenery there was so awesome and spectacular that it almost took my breath away. The highlight of the trip was seeing the creatures，including mountain goats and grizzly bears. The local people told me that it is freezing cold there in winter, with daily temperalures averaging -10℃ . All in all, my trip took the duration of four days. I anticipate going there again to experience the autumn frost and freezing winter.
丰实底蕴·素养融通
说文解字
本单元形容词awesome （令人惊叹的；可怕的）由名词awe（敬畏；惊叹）加后缀-some构成。
-some在构成形容词时，大致有以下几种情况：
（1）在动词后，表示“易于……的；有……倾向的”，如meddlesome（爱管闲事的），quarrelsome（喜欢争吵的；好吵架的）。
（2）在名词后，表示“产生……的；引起……的”，如burdensome（难以负担的；负担沉重的；繁重的；烦人的），troublesome（令人烦恼的；讨厌的；棘手的；麻烦的；困难的）。
（3）在形容词后，表示“达到相当程度的”，如lonesome（寂寞的；孤单的；人迹稀少的；荒凉的）等。
经典美句
The Analects of Confucius《论语》
Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application 学而时习之，不亦悦乎？Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge， so as continually to be acquiring new， he may be a teacher of others. 温故而知新，可以为师矣。Learning without thought is labor lost； thought without learning is perilous. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
5Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. astonish / 'st ni /vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→ astonishing / ‘st ni i /adj.令人十分惊讶的→ astonishment / ’st ni m nt/n.惊讶；震惊→ astonished / ‘st ni t/adj.惊讶的
2. misty /’misti/ adj.多雾的；模糊的→ mist /mist/ n.薄雾；水汽
3. advertisement / d‘vε tism nt/ n.广告；启事→ advertise /’ dv taiz/ vt.&vi.做广告；登广告→ advertiser /‘ dv taiz r/ n.广告商
4. photographer /f ’t gr f （r）/ n.摄影师；拍照者→ photograph /‘f ut gra: f/ n.照片
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1. contrary to 相反的；相对立的
2. proceed to sth. 进而做（参加）
3. 游览…… go on a tour of
4. 在远处 in the distance
5. on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
6. chat with sb. 和某人聊天
7. in contrast to 与……相反；与……对比鲜明
8. 接近……；靠近…… be close to
9. owe sth. to sb. 欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人
10. 梦想；梦见 dream of
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 名词短语作同位语
教材原句 After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. 李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。
中文例句 我是李华，一名来自中国的学生。
句式仿写 I am Li Hua， a student from China .
2.
句型公式 现在分词短语作状语
教材原句 Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。
中文例句 进入教室，我发现里面没有人。
句式仿写 Entering the classroom ， I found nobody in it.
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
该部分的阅读语篇以时间的推移和地点的转换为线索，用优美、流畅的语言描绘出一幅具有加拿大特色的多彩画卷。本栏目的活动主题是写一篇关于旅游的电子邮件，依据落实Listening and Speaking的交际功能，使语言的“听、说、读、写”得到进一步落实，为同学们接下来完成写作任务提供了重要的信息和鲜活的语言素材。
文本改写
教材原文 SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：TORONTO AND MONTREAL After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. They went up the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario. Standing in the distance， they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls， which is on the south side of the lake. Water from the lake flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea. The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel， and old-fashioned cars rolling by. As they walked north from the harbour area， Li Daiyu said， “Lin Fei， one of my mother’s old schoolmates， lives here. I should phone her and see if she’s available for dinner.” They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown Chinatown. The cousins chatted with Lin Fei， who had moved to Canada many years earlier. “This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto. We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area， so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada! Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. Therefore， we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China，” Lin Fei told them. The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station， in contrast to Toronto， they heard people talking in French. They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent. “We don’t leave until this evening， ” said Liu Qian. “Let’s go downtown. Old Montreal is close to the water.” They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River， a young man sat down with them. “Hello， my name is Jean-Philippe. I’m a photographer，” he said， “and I was wondering where you are from.” The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada. When they told him they had only one day in Montreal， he said， “That’s too bad. You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. Overall， Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. Most of us speak both English and French， and the city has unique Quebec culture and traditions. There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around， too. Here， we love good coffee，toast， and cheese. And good music， of course!” That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city， Halifax. The cousins dreamt happily of the beautiful cobblestone streets， old brick buildings， and the red maple leaves of Montreal. 教材译文 坐火车看“真北方”：多伦多和蒙特利尔 李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。她们登上加拿大国家电视塔，眺望安大略湖畔。站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。湖水流入尼亚加拉河，越过尼亚加拉瀑布，最终汇入大海。 两个女孩看到很多玻璃和钢筋建造的摩天大楼，还有老式汽车从身边驶过。离开港口区后，她们向北行走。李黛予说:“我妈妈的老同学林菲就住在这里。我得给她打个电话，看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。” 黄昏时分，她们在市中心唐人街的一家餐馆里与林菲见了面，并共进晚餐。林菲多年前就来到加拿大生活。表姐妹俩与她畅聊了一番。 “这是多伦多最大的唐人街。大多伦多地区还有几个唐人街，因此你们可以猜到加拿大有很多中国人! 一百多年来，不断有中国人来到这里。所以，我们在这里能吃到中国各地的各色美食。”林菲告诉她们。 火车于当天深夜出发，次日一早抵达蒙特利尔。在火车站，她们听见人们用法语交谈，这与多伦多形成鲜明对比。两人惊奇地发现所有的标示牌和广告都是用法文写的，而且许多人说英语都有口音。 “我们要到傍晚才动身，”刘倩说，“咱们到市区逛逛吧，蒙特利尔老城区就在河边。 整个下午，她们穿梭于一家家可爱的小店，拜访圣保罗街边工作坊里的艺术家们。两人在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河边上的一家餐馆里落座后，一个小伙子也在她们身边坐了下来。 “你们好，我叫让·菲利普，是一名摄影师。”他说道，“请问你们从哪里来 ” 姑娘们告诉他，她们来自中国，并且正在进行横跨加拿大的火车之旅。得知她们只能在蒙特利尔逗留一天时，他说道:“那太可惜了，你们应该多待几天。总的来说，蒙特利尔是一座声色俱佳的城市。我们大多数人既说英语，也说法语。这座城市拥有独特的魁北克文化和传统。此外，这里还有很棒的餐馆和酒吧。这里的人酷爱美味的咖啡、吐司和奶酪。当然，还有动听的音乐!” 当晚，火车沿着圣劳伦斯河向圣劳伦斯湾飞驰，经过远方的东海岸，驶向新斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯。在梦乡中，表姐妹俩愉快地回味着蒙特利尔美丽的鹅卵石街道、古老的砖砌建筑和鲜红的枫叶。
请将教材原文改写成一篇80词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.游览…… go on a tour of
2.令人惊叹 take one’s breath away
3.给某人一个做某事的机会 give sb. a chance to do sth.
4.更好地了解…… have a better understanding of
5.文化和传统 culture and traditions
6.在……中起重要作用 play an important role in
【句型运用】
1.李黛予和她的表妹游览了多伦多。（Toronto）
Li Daiyu and her cousin went on a tour of Toronto.
2.加拿大国家电视塔和尼亚加拉大瀑布让她们叹为观止。（CN Tower；Niagara Falls）
The CN Tower and the great Niagara Falls took their breath away.
3.与林菲见面，让她们更好地了解了这个城市。（动名词短语作主语）
Meeting Lin Fei gave them a chance to have a better understanding of the city.
4.蒙特利尔有独特的魁北克文化和传统。（Montreal；Quebec）
Montreal has unique Quebec culture and traditions.
5.她们发现法语在当地的日常生活中起着重要作用。（find+宾语从句）
They found French plays an important role in the local daily life.
6.姐妹俩沿圣劳伦斯河向新斯科舍省及其最大的城市哈利法克斯行驶。（St Lawrence River；Nova Scotia；Halifax）
The cousins traveled along the St Lawrence River towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city， Halifax.
【句式升级】
1.把第1、2句合并为含关系副词where引导定语从句的复合句。
Li Daiyu and her cousin went on a tour of Toronto， where the CN Tower and the great Niagara Falls took their breath away.
2.把第4、5句合并为含关系代词which引导定语从句的复合句。
In Montreal， which has unique Quebec culture and traditions， they found French plays an important role in the local daily life.
【串句成文】
1.
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Li Daiyu and her cousin went on a tour of Toronto， where the CN Tower and the great Niagara Falls took their breath away. Meeting Lin Fei gave them a chance to have a better understanding of the city. In Montreal， which has unique Quebec culture and traditions， they found French plays an important role in the local daily life. The cousins traveled along the St Lawrence River towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city， Halifax.
实战演练
1.
假定你是来自英国的Jack，打算去中国旅行，请你给你的中国笔友李华写封信，要点如下：
1. 旅行计划：北京→泰山→杭州；
2. 征求他的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：故宫 the Forbidden City；泰山 Mount Tai
解析：写作指导
体裁 应用文——电子邮件
时态 一般现在时和一般将来时
人称 第一人称为主，第二人称为辅
要点 1. 首段点题：到中国旅行2. 介绍旅行计划：北京→泰山→杭州3. 末段：征求建议
答案：One possible version：
Dear Li Hua，
I’m glad to tell you that I’m going to visit China.
First，I am planning to visit Beijing， the capital of China， to enjoy the Forbidden City and some beautiful parks. Then I intend to visit Mount Tai， where I could admire the amazing sunrise there. After that， I am also going to Hangzhou. It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights.
What do you think of my travel plan Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Jack
高级短语及句式
1. intend to do打算做
2. the amazing sunrise令人惊奇的日出
3. travel plan旅游计划
4. hear from sb. 收到某人来信
5. First， I am planning to visit Beijing， the capital of China， to enjoy the Forbidden City and some beautiful parks. 首先，我计划去中国首都北京游览紫禁城和一些美丽的公园。（现在进行时表将来）
6. It is said that it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights. 据说这是一个美丽的现代化城市，有着令人惊叹的自然景观。（It is said that…）
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. contrary adj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实（或事情）
Well，contrary to what many people believe， there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China， actually. 是的，和很多人想的恰恰相反，在中国事实上有很多辽阔而又空旷的地方。（教材P43）
典例翻译
①My sister’s taste in dresses is contrary to my own.
在服装方面，我妹妹的品味和我的完全不同。
②I shall continue to believe it until I have proof to the contrary.
我会继续相信此事，直到我有相反的证据。
③It wasn’t a good thing；on the contrary it was a huge mistake.
那不是什么好事，相反，那是一个巨大的错误。
归纳拓展
（1） be contrary to 与……相反；与……相对立
（2） to the contrary 相反的
（3） on the contrary 相反
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Most people know that， but I’ve heard plenty of stories to the contrary.
②Contrary to common belief， taking a walk immediately after a meal doesn’t necessarily do good to our health.
（2）完成句子
③艾丽斯没有放弃她的梦想。相反，她克服了困难并成功了。
Alice didn’t give up her dream. On the contrary ， she overcame the difficulty and made it.
2. proceed vi.行进；继续做
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto， the largest and wealthiest city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. 李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①We are not sure whether he still wants to proceed with his ambition.
我们不确定他是否还想继续他的目标。
②He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
他简单介绍了他的计划，接着又进行了较详细的解释。
③Passengers for Rome should proceed to Gate 32 for boarding.
前往罗马的旅客，请到32号登机口登机。
归纳拓展
（1） proceed with sth. 继续某事
（2） proceed to do sth. 继续做某事
（3） proceed to 前往
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Having said she wasn’t hungry， she then proceeded to order （order） a three-course meal.
②Now， the disaster having struck heavily in many farming areas， it will take great efforts to proceed with this program.
（2）完成句子
③参观西安后，他们继续前往旅程的下一站——北京。
Having visited Xi’an， they proceeded to the next leg of their trip to Beijing .
3. astonish vt.使十分惊讶; 使吃惊
Standing in the distance，they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls， which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①Here is an astonishing fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tired.
这是一个令人非常吃惊的事实：单独的脑力工作不会使我们疲劳。
②We were astonished at/by the news of his failure.
他失败的消息使我们震惊。
③We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.
听到他们的足球队获得了冠军的消息，我们很惊讶。
④I looked around in astonishment.
我惊愕地环视四周。
⑤To my astonishment， he still remembered my birthday after we were separated for so many years.
令我吃惊的是，我们分开这么多年后，他还记得我的生日。
归纳拓展
（1）astonished adj.感到惊讶的（指人的主观感受）
be astonished at/by sth. 因某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
（2）astonishment n.惊讶
to one’s astonishment 让某人惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
（3）astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
学以致用
（1）用astonish的搭配及适当形式填空
① To my astonishment， they weren’t astonished at the astonishing news， so I looked at them in astonishment.
（2）一句多译
使我非常惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。
② Much to my astonishment ， she still remembered my name. （astonishment）
③ What astonished me most was that she still remembered my name. （astonish; 主语从句）
4. owe vt.欠（账、债、情等）
You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. 你们应该多待几天。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①Thanks for supporting me， I owe you a favour.
谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。
②I must say I owe all the achievements to my colleagues and friends.
我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们。
③I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive.
我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。
④Owing to his absence， we had to put off the class meeting till next week.
由于他不在，我们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。
⑤He owes his success to hard work.
他把他的成功归功于勤奋工作。
归纳拓展
（1） owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sth. to sb./owe it to sb. that… 欠（某人情）; 把……归功于……
owe sth. to sth. 归因于; 归功于
（2） owing to 因为，由于
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.
② Owing （owe） to your help， I have made great progress. In other words， I owe my progress to your help.
（2）完成句子
③当问及他的成功时，他说他把他的成功多半归功于他的家庭。
When asked about his success， he said he owed much of his success to his family .
重点句型
同位语（从句）
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto，the largest and wealthiest city in Canada， they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal， so they went on a tour of the city. 李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多之后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①Shanghai，one of the biggest cities in China， has developed rapidly in recent years.
上海——中国最大的城市之一，近年来发展迅速。
②The young man tried to achieve his aim—entering the key university.
这个年轻人努力实现他的目标——进入重点大学。
③In the meantime， those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.
同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。
归纳拓展
（1）名词、代词大多可用作同位语，数词也可用作同位语。
（2）不定式、动名词用作同位语。
The first plan，attacking at night， was turned down.
第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
（3）从句作同位语，同位语从句通常跟在某些抽象名词
（fact， plan， view， idea， belief， opinion， possibility， thought等）后，用来说明所修饰的词的内容。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I’m writing to invite you to visit Green Village， a charming village in this area.
②70% of the students hold the opinion that it is harmful to your health to be overweight.
（2）句型转换
③I am confident that my dream will surely be realised.
→ I have the confidence that my dream will surely be realised. （变为“名词confidence+同位语从句”的形式）
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.As a musician， I owe （归功于） much to my devoted fans.
2.The ideas were not new. Their development had proceeded （继续） steadily since the war.
3.He crossed the street and walked alongside （在……旁边） Central Park.
4.It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow （不过，无论如何）.
5.I came upon this idiom （习语）in the newspaper.
6.Miss Parrish recently placed an advertisement （广告）in the local newspaper.
7.Diana astonished （使吃惊） her family by winning three competitions in a row.
8. Contrary （相反的） to your idea， I’m in favour of the plan.
9.The Smiths have lived in London for ten years， so they speak with a London accent （口音）.
10.Kenny was waiting patiently at a station on a misty （薄雾的）and cold Hong Kong morning.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
be close to; chat with; contrary to; dream of; go on a tour of; in contrast to; in the distance; on one’s way to; owe sth. to sth.; proceed to sth.
1.If your forms are filled out correctly， then you can proceed to enrolling in the university.
2.For many years， Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before.
3.Most importantly， the air in the camp is fresh to breathe and it is a good chance to be close to nature.
4.We are going to visit our daughter and her family in Toronto and go on a tour of Canada.
5.Soon， the wolf ran away off the road and disappeared in the distance .
6. Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
7.People owe my success to genius, but my genius is hard work.
8.So absorbed was he in our talk that my brother took a wrong turn on our way to the airport.
9. Chatting with each other for several hours, the two boys found that they had a lot in common.
10. In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are suffering from starvation.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, they went on 1. a tour of the city. They went up the CN Tower. 2. Standing （stand） in the distance, they were astonished 3. to see （see） misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls. Water from the lake flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on 4. its （it） way to the sea. The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel, 5. and old-fashioned cars rolling by. The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning. At the station, in contrast 6. to Toronto, they heard people talking in French. They were surprised to see that all the signs and 7. advertisements （advertise）were in French and many people spoke English with an accent. They 8. spent （spend） the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street. That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the 9. distant （distance） east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its 10. largest （large） city, Halifax.
14Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（过去分词与现在分词）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
（1）（教材P38）For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
（2）（教材P38）Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights.
（3）（教材P38）Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.
（4）（教材P38）Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
（5）（教材P38）Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.
（6）（教材P39）However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.
观察上面的句子, 并分别写出加黑部分在句中的语法功能：
第（1）句中现在分词作表语；第（2）、（5）句中现在分词短语作状语；第（3）句中现在分词短语作定语；第（4）句中过去分词短语作状语；第（6）句中过去分词作表语。
要点精析
一、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别
现在分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是主动关系，表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生；过去分词与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是被动关系，其动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。
There are 20 people working for the project. 有20人参与这个项目。
The man standing there is our teacher. 站在那里的那个男人是我们的老师。
There are more events added to the Olympics. 有更多的项目被加到奥运会上了。
I don’t like the composition written in pencil. 我不喜欢铅笔写的作文。
二、感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语和定语时的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其现在分词表示主动意义, 表示“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，表示“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
exciting令人激动的 excited激动的；兴奋的
astonishing令人惊讶的 astonished惊讶的
surprising令人吃惊的 surprised感到吃惊的
discouraging 令人沮丧的 discouraged感到沮丧的
delighting令人高兴的 delighted高兴的
disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged受到鼓舞的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened感到害怕的
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的
moving感人的 moved受感动的
（2020天津卷）Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你上次去公共图书馆已经有一段时间了吗？如果是这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
Like humans, polar bears can feel pain, have emotions and can be frightened. 和人类一样，北极熊可以感受到痛苦，有情绪, 也会害怕。
After the satisfying explanation, the puzzled student looked delighted.
得到满意的解释之后，这位困惑的学生看起来很高兴。三、过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别
与主语的逻辑关系 与谓语动词的先后关系
过去分词作状语 构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前; 也可以表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词作状语 构成现在分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，即表主动。 现在分词形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
第一组：与主语的逻辑关系比较
从山上看, 你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。
从山上看, 这座城市就像一个大花园。
第二组：与谓语动词的先后关系
听到这个消息, 他们很兴奋。
完成作业后, 他上床睡觉了。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 根据提示写出对应词块
1. the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
2. the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
3. developing countries 发展中国家
4. developed countries 发达国家
5. the boiling water 正在沸腾的水
6. the boiled water 已经烧开的水
7. a sleeping child 一个睡着的孩子
8. written English 书面英语
9. the exciting news 令人激动的消息
10. the excited people 感到激动的人们
11. a puzzling problem 令人迷惑的问题
12. a puzzled look 感到迷惑的表情
Ⅱ. 单句填空
1.（2020全国Ⅲ卷） Filled (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.
2.（2020江苏卷）Technological innovations, combined (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
3.The music of the film played by him sounds so exciting (excite).
4.It was a job that I really felt tired (tire).
5.Look! The student seated at the end of the classroom is buried (bury) in novels while the teacher is giving a lesson.
6.I was rather surprised when I was told about the surprising accident. (surprise)
7. Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order from Chinese.
8. Judged (judge) as a responsible person, Tony was appointed head of the department.
9.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged (challenge).
10. Satisfied (satisfy) with the efforts that the students made, all the teachers nodded and smiled.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1. (build) to honour the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo, the memorial stone in white marble at the back of King’s College is now an attraction. 2. (move) to the UK in 1921, Zhimo spent a year studying at King’s, 3. (attract) by the romantic poetry of English poets like John Keats as well as Cambridge itself.
His poem, Second Farewell to Cambridge, 4. (consider) to be his most famous one, is now a compulsory text on Chinese literature, 5. (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year. The poem vividly paints a portrait of King’s and the River Cam, 6. (serve) as a reminder of Xu Zhimo’s fondness for his time in Cambridge.
While the poem had been set to music many times before, the English composer John Rutter, one of the mainstream classical musicians, 7. (invite) by King’s College 8. (make) the first musical setting of the text. The new piece, 9. (write) and 10. (record) in celebration of the near 100-year link between King’s College and Xu Zhimo, has been released on a new album on the King’s College Record Label.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.Built
解析：1.[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文。由剑桥大学国王学院为纪念中国诗人徐志摩而建的石雕引出话题, 讲述了徐志摩的留学生活及其作品以及影响。
句子的主语 the memorial stone与build之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词短语作状语。
答案：2.Moving
解析：2.句子的主语 Zhimo与move之间是主动关系, 因此用现在分词短语作状语。
答案：3.attracted
解析：3.句子的主语 Zhimo与 attract之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词短语作状语。
答案：4.considered
解析：4.“(consider) to be his most famous one”作定语修饰His poem， His poem和 consider之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
答案：5.learnt
解析：5.“ (learn) by millions of school children across our country every year”作定语，且 a compulsory text和learn之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。
答案：6.serving
解析：6.The poem和serve之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
答案：7.was invited
解析：7.分析句子结构可知，此空作谓语，且the English composer John Rutter和 invite之间是被动关系，因此填was invited。
答案：8.to make
解析：8.此空考查 invite sb. to do sth. 结构。
答案：9.written
解析：9.分析本句结构可知，has been released是谓语，因此此空和下一空都是非谓语动词，且The new piece与write、record之间均是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
答案：10.recorded
解析：10.解析见上题。
5UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
单元目标
主题学习目标 本单元围绕长途旅行的主题展开, 讲述了不同旅行者的所见所闻. 所思所想，以及对旅行和人生意义的探求，旨在告诉青少年不仅要读万卷书, 还要行万里路，鼓励他们走进社会和大自然，深入了解客观世界和人类社会，磨炼意志，体味人生，在旅途中探求自我价值和人生意义。
语言能力目标 核心单词 airline, bay, antique, pleasant, arise, massive, literally, breath, bound, awesome , peak, highlight, goat, drill, freeze, anticipate, bunch, thunder, frost, curtain，border, duration, idiom, contrary, anyhow, alongside ,proceed, shore, astonish, mist, steel, advertisement, acent, photographer, owe, toast
重点词块 take sb.'s breath away, grizzly bear, freezing cold, a bunch of, contrary to, proceed to sth., owe sth. to sb.
单元语法 过去分词与现在分词
写作能力 能够利用地图梳理旅行路线, 并以作者身份写一封家信，记录此次旅行的经历和见闻, 充分理解交际场景、日的、角色和对象，得体表达。
背景导学
Vancouver is located in the southwest corner of Canada in the province of British Columbia. Vancouver is the largest city in the province and the third largest in Canada. It covers an area of about 115 square kilometers. It is surrounded by water on three sides and overlooked by the Coast Ranges. Its climate is one of the mildest in Canada. Temperatures average 3℃ in January and 18℃ in July. Vancouver’s most rainfall occurs （发生）in winter.
Archaeological evidence shows that coastal Indians had settled in the Vancouver area by 500 BC. British naval （海军） captain George Vancouver explored the area in 1792. Vancouver was founded as a sawmill （锯木厂） settlement called Granville in the 1870s. The city was united in 1886 and renamed after Captain Vancouver.
As the main western terminus（终点）of Canada’s transcontinental（穿越大陆的） highway and rail routes, Vancouver is the primary city of western Canada, as well as one of the nation’s largest industrial centers.
The Port of Vancouver is Canada’s largest and most various port, trading more than ＄43 billion in goods with more than 90 trading economies annually. Port activities generate（产生；形成） 69,200 jobs in total with ＄43 billion in gross domestic product（GDP） and ＄8.9 billion in economic output.
Vancouver is a major tourist place. In addition to the city’s scenic location, visitors enjoy beautiful gardens and the world-famous Stanley Park, one of more than 180 city parks and a combination of natural forests and parkland near the city center.
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
A. The area of Vancouver. B. The location of Vancouver.
C. The climate of Vancouver. D. The geographic characteristics of Vancouver.
答案：D
2.As a major tourist place, what is Vancouver famous for？
A. The city’s scenic location. B. The beautiful gardens.
C. The world-famous Stanley Park. D. All of the above.
答案：D
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL： VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting. Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights. During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques. The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. Later, they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away. The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats, and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. One of the train’s first stops was in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canada’s huge oil and gas drilling industry. Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃. Since it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton. From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie. At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty-seven million. However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed. They went through two wheat-growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area. After another day on the train, eventually they were back in an urban area, the city of Winnipeg. From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario-a land of forests and lakes. The train thunderedon, through the rolling hills. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto. When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron-one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario’s southern border. It was not until 9:30 a. m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. All in all, their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days. 教材译文 坐火车看“真北方”： 温哥华与加拿大腹地 李黛予和表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表兄妹。她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。 出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。尽管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意。 次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直到贾斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，如鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰。 在贾斯珀，她们坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的头几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，这是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业中心。埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥有众多大型购物中心。事实上, 北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。 火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过3700万。但两人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已。她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。 她们在火车上又度过了一天，最终回到了都市区域——温尼伯市。从该市出发，她们连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时，火车已抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省。火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车转向南行，开往多伦多。次日清晨，她们醒来，拉开车窗窗帘，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘。休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。上午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. pleasant /'pleznt/adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ pleased /pli: zd/adj.高兴的；欢喜的→ pleasing /'pli: z /adj.令人愉快的；讨人欢喜的
2. massive /'m s v/adj.巨大的；非常严重的→ mass /m s/n.大量；众多
3. literally /'l t r li/adv.字面上；真正地→ literal /'l t r l/adj.字面意义的；缺乏想象力的
4. breath /breθ/n.呼吸的空气→ breathe /bri: /v. 呼吸
5. awesome /sm/adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的→ awe / :/n. 敬畏；惊叹
6. freezing /'fri: z /adj.极冷的；冰冻的→ freeze /fri: z/vi. & vt. （froze, frozen ）结冰；（使）冻住
7. anticipate / n’t s p t/vt.预料；预见；期望→ anticipation / n't s 'pe n/n.预料；预期
8. thunder /'θ nd （r）/ vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动n. 雷声；轰隆声→ thunderous /'θ nd r s/adj.雷鸣般的；声音很大的
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. rather than 而不是
2. all the way 一路上
3. a couple of 一对；几个
4. pass through 穿过
5. take sb.’s breath away 令人惊叹
6. 另外；加之；除……之外（还） in addition to
7. 极冷的；冻僵的 freezing cold
8. 是……的故乡 be home to
9. 一束；一串；一群；大量 a bunch of
10. 总之；总而言之 all in all
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 rather than“而不是”，连接两个并列成分
教材原句 Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后 再乘坐火车。
中文例句 我决定更加努力地学习而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在那些无 用的事情上。
句式仿写 I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things .
2.
句型公式 过去分词短语作状语
教材原句 Seen from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 从车窗往外望 去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。
中文例句 农场被绿树环绕，坐落在我们学校附近的山脚下。
句式仿写 Surrounded by green trees , the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
3.
句型公式 It is/was not until…that…直到……才……
教材原句 It was not until 9：30 a. m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 上 午九点半，她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
中文例句 直到回家后他才发现包落在出租车里了。
句式仿写 It was not until he got home that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.
Reading for the main idea.
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
答案：Para.1—D; Para. 2—B; Para.3—E; Para.4—C; Para.5—A; Para.6—F
The passage is about the trip of the two girls across the whole Canada, and it tells us some information about the country.
2.
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL
Vancouver often rains；a harbour；beautiful mountains looking out over the city；a forest just a short 1. distance away
the Canadian Rockies 2. blue water of Lake Louise；spectacular mountain peaks and forests；different 3. creatures such as deer, mountain goats, a grizzly bear and an eagle
Edmonton the centre of Canada’s huge 4. oil and gas drilling industry；freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures 5. averaging； home to one of the 6. largest shopping malls in North America
The Canadian Prairie open；two wheat-growing provinces； a bunch of 7. farms that covered a very large area
Ontario a land of forests and lakes；8. rolling hills； Lake Huron on its southern 9. border；its capital is 10. Toronto
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What was the weather like on the second day of the trip
A.Cool and mild.B.Rainy and cool.
C.Clear and cool. D.Sunny and mild.
答案：D
2.Which of the following shows the right route of the two girls’ travel
A.Vancouver→Jasper→Winnipeg→Edmonton→Ontario→Toronto
B.Vancouver→Jasper→Winnipeg→Ontario→Edmonton→Toronto
C.Vancouver→Jasper→Edmonton→Winnipeg→Ontario→Toronto
D.Vancouver→Jasper→Ontario→Winnipeg→Edmonton→Toronto
答案：C
3.Which of the following statements is true
A.Crossing the whole country by plane is exciting.
B.Vancouver is the most beautiful city in Canada.
C.The trip from Vancouver to Toronto took five days.
D.The population of Canada is more than thirty million.
答案：D
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment.B.Travel.
C.Education.D.Health.
答案：B
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay, and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques.
【分析】句中and连接不定式；关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词island；现在分词短语selling crafts and antiques作后置定语，修饰名词shops。
【译文】尽管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。
2.① When the train arrived at the station , they took a taxi to Lake Louise, ② where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty .
【分析】①中从属连词When引导时间状语从句；②中关系副词where引导非限制性定语，从句，修饰先行词Lake Louise。
【译文】火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。
3.They went through two wheat-growing provinces, ① where they saw a bunch of farms ②that covered a very large area .
【分析】①中关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词provinces；②中关系代词that引导定语从句，修饰先行词farms。
【译文】她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.Why did Li Daiyu and Liu Qian go to Canada
Because they wanted to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast.
2.How long did they spend in Vancouver and what did they do there before starting out
Before starting out they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, seeing the sights.
3.What are the characteristics of the famous places they visited during the journey
The Canadian Rockies：massive.
Lake Louis：the blue water.
Edmonton：many shopping malls.
The great Canadian Prairie: open.
Winnipeg：an urban area.
Ontario：a land of forests and lakes.
4.How long did it take them to travel from Vancouver to Toronto？
It took them four days to travel from Vancouver to Toronto.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用the reason why…改写第1句。
The reason why Li Daiyu and Liu Qian went to Canada was that they wanted to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast.
2.用现在分词短语作状语改写第2句。
Having spent a couple of days in Vancouver seeing the sights, they started out.
3.用适当的词汇把第3题的答案连成句子。
The massive Canadian Rockies impressed them greatly. The blue water in Lake Louise took their breath away. Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. They were astonished to find the great Canadian Prairie is quite open. The city of Winnipeg is an urban area. Ontario is a land of forests and lakes.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
The reason why Li Daiyu and Liu Qian went to Canadawas that they wanted to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast. Having spent a couple of days in Vancouver seeing the sights, they started out. Firstly, the massive Canadian Rockies impressed them greatly and the blue water in Lake Louise took their breath away. Edmonton is home to many shopping malls. They were astonished to find the great Canadian Prairie is quite open. The city of Winnipeg is an urban area. Ontario is a land of forests and lakes. All in all, it took them four days to travel from Vancouver to Toronto.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. be typical of 是……的特点
During their first day, as is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 第一天, 温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①It’s about a Chinese romantic story, which is typical of Chinese culture.
那是一个具有中国文化特色的浪漫故事。
②It is typical of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
在期末考试前, 学生们一向看书到深夜。
归纳拓展
1. It is typical of sb. to do sth.某人一向做某事
typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；一向如此
名师点津
句型It is typical of sb. to do sth. 可以转换为“Typically,+句子”的形式。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①At first, fever is typical of the disease, but it typically （typical） takes several weeks to appear.
（2）句型转换
②It’s typical of her to be late for class.
→ Typically, she is late for class.
2. rather than而不是
Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 她们没有一路乘坐商业航班, 而是决定先飞到温哥华, 然后再乘坐火车。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.
我宁愿8月去，也不愿7月去。
②I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame.
我认为不是你，而是汤姆应受责备。
归纳拓展
（1）rather than用作连词，连接平行结构，既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择，即“与其……宁可……”，也可以表示客观程度上的差异，即“与其说是……不如说是……”。
（2）rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Rather than sit（sit） here waiting, I prefer to go to find out what on earth has happened.
②Mary, rather than you, is （be） to blame for not finishing the work on time.
（2）单句写作
③她喜欢唱歌, 而不喜欢跳舞。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
3. arise vi.（arose, arisen ）起身；出现；由……引起
The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. 次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①As we all know, most car accidents arise from/out of carelessness.
众所周知，大部分车祸是由粗心大意引起的。
②I arose from the chair to answer the doorbell.
我从椅子上站起来去开门。
归纳拓展
（1）arise from/out of 由……引起/产生
（2）arise from… 从……上站起来
易错辨析
arise, rise, raise
单词 词性、词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
arise （vi.）出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising
rise （vi.）升起；增长；上升 rose risen rising
raise （vt.）举起；抚养；饲养 raised raised raising
词汇助记
The prices keep rising in spite of their efforts.
尽管他们努力了，价格还是在上涨。
She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.
她把手指举到嘴唇上示意安静。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Unexpected difficulties arose （arise） in the course of their experiment but they made it eventually.
②We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness.
（2）完成句子
③当误解出现时, 解决它的最好方式就是认真听一听别人的观点。
When misunderstanding arises , the best way to solve it is to listen to others’ view carefully.
4. breath n.呼吸的空气
When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车到站后, 她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽, 令她们惊叹不已。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①Every time I climb Mount Tai, the beauty takes my breath away.
每次爬泰山，它的美丽总是让我感到惊叹。
②How long can you hold your breath underwater
你可以在水下屏气多久？
③Take a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed.
深呼吸，然后你会感到放松。
④The weak girl was out of breath only after five minutes’ running.
这个体弱的女孩仅仅跑了5分钟后就气喘吁吁。
归纳拓展
（1） take sb.’s breath away 令人惊叹
hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
（2）breathe v.呼吸
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The sight of the beautiful mountains took our breath away .
②The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe （breath）.
（2）句型转换
③Though we were out of breath, we were rewarded with beautiful scenery. （状语从句的省略）
Though out of breath, we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
5. bound adj.准备前往（某地）；一定会
They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. 住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大的落基山脉，直到贾斯珀。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.
只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃, 我们就一定会取得成功。
②She was on a plane bound for Rome when she got sick.
她在乘飞机前往罗马的途中生病了。
③From that moment my life was bound up with teaching.
从那一刻起, 我的生命就与教书紧密联系在了一起。
④He is bound up in his studies.
他忙于学习。
归纳拓展
1.
be bound for 准备前往……
be bound to do sth. 一定会做某事
be bound up with sth. 和某事密切相关
be bound up in sth. 忙于某事
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①She got on a plane which was bound for London.
②He’s too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.
（2）单句写作
③（2018北京卷）在中国，你一定会有一次难忘且有收获的经历。
You are bound to have an unforgettable and rewarding experience in China.
6. freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷, 日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①It’s freezing cold outside, so wear a warm coat.
外面十分寒冷，所以穿一件暖和一点的外套吧。
②It’s so cold that even the river has frozen.
天气冷得河都封冻了。
③We’ll have to take some frozen meat out of the freezer.
我们将从冰箱里拿些冷冻肉出来。
归纳拓展
（1）freezing cold 极冷的；冰冻的
（2）reeze v.结冰；（使）冻住
frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Leave a basin of water outside in freezing （freeze） weather.
② Frozen （freeze） fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
（2）单句写作
③昨天晚上极为寒冷。
It was freezing cold last night.
重点句型
1. with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语）
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃. 埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷, 日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。（教材P38）
典例翻译
①He came into the room,with his face red.
他走进房间，面色红润。
②With a red handkerchief in his hand, he shouted at Mary crazily.
他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。
③She could finish her work,with her mother to help her.
有她妈妈的帮助，她能够完成工作。
④With her eyes closed, she touched the gift gently.
她闭上眼睛，轻轻地抚摸这件礼物。
归纳拓展
with+宾语+
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①With a local villager guiding （guide） us, we finally found the ancient castle.
②With a guide to show （show） us around the scenic spots, we’re sure to have a good time.
（2）句型转换
③As more and more forests have been damaged, some animals are dying out. （用with复合结构改写句子）
→ With more and more forests damaged, some animals are dying out.
2. It is/was not until…that…
It was not until 9：30 a. m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 上午九点半, 她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。（教材P39）
典例翻译
①It was not until his father came back that he went to bed.
直到他父亲回来，他才去睡觉。
②It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
归纳拓展
在强调句中含有not…until时，应将not一起放在被强调部分中，即It is/was not until…that…，that后面的部分要用肯定式。
温馨提示
当not until放于句首时, 句子需要使用部分倒装形式。其结构为：Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+（主句）主语+谓语。
Not until at least thirty seconds had passed was the man able to speak.
至少过了三十秒钟，这个人才说出话来。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
（2）句型转换
②I didn’t realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways until then.
→ It was not until then that I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.（强调句）
→ Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.（倒装句）
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.Traffic reaches its peak （顶峰）between 8 a. m. and 9 a. m. in the morning.
2.We thought the chair was an antique（古董） worth a lot of money, but it turned out to be a valueless replica（仿制品）.
3.They are generally happy just to share the pleasant（令人愉快的） experience of listening to popular music on the Internet.
4.Emotional or mental problems can arise （由……引起） from a physical cause.
5.I take my time going anywhere and enjoy the scenery（风景） whether it is a Monday or a Sunday.
6.I bought a wooden salad bowl at the local craft（工艺） fair.
7. Typical （典型的） interview questions are “Why do you want to study law ”and “Why did you choose this college ”.
8. Despite （尽管） her illness, she was able to lead a normal life.
9.He did an awesome （很好的） job on that project.
10.We were looking forward to seeing the pyramids, which promised to be the highlight （最精彩的部分） of our trip.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
take sb.’s breath away, freezing cold, a bunch of, a couple of, all the way, pass through, in addition, be home to, arise from, be typical of
1.After driving in silence for a while, we passed through a gate and headed uphill into pine woods.
2.Carrying a bunch of roses, he walked happily into the room.
3.Changbaishan is a state-level nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
4.Don’t expect to pass the driving test at your first attempt. After all, you’ve been learning to drive for only a couple of days.
5.Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn’t know how to deal with them independently.
6.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
7.I’m friendly and easy-going. In addition , I have a good command of English so that it’s easy for me to communicate with foreign students.
8.It is freezing cold tonight. You had better have your coat on.
9.My first view of the island from the air took my breath away several years ago.
10.This meal is typical of local cookery. Just have a try.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1.
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were on a trip across Canada. Rather than 1. take（take） the aeroplane all the way, they would cross Canada by train after 2. arriving（arrive） in Vancouver by air. Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver, 3. seeing（see）the sights. The next morning, the two girls 4. arose（arise） early to take the train to Lake Louise, 5. passing（pass） through the Canadian Rockies. Then they took a coach bound north 6. through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper, 7. where they saw spectacular mountain peaks, forests and many different creatures, 8. including（include） deer, mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and 9. an eagle. From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto. It was not until 9：30 a. m. that they 10. finally（final） reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.
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