Section Ⅳ Expanding Your World
单元回顾·总结提升
见学用37页
Ⅰ. 单词分层默写
1.单词拼写
① recall vt.&vi.记起；回想起
② complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的
③ tutor n.（英国大学中的）助教；导师；家庭教师
④ participate vi.参加；参与
⑤ engage vi.参加；参与（活动）vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）
⑥ cite vt.引用；引述
⑦ messenger n.送信人；信使
⑧ zone n.（有别于周围的）地区；地带；区域
⑨ overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的
⑩ expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
insight n.洞察力；眼光
homesickness n.思乡病；乡愁
grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧
setting n.环境；背景；（小说等的）情节背景
dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧（般）的
tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的
mature adj.成熟的
boom vt.&n.迅速发展；繁荣
deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
optimistic adj.乐观的
gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加n.好处；增加
2.拓展单词
① ambition n.雄心；野心
→ ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
② adaptation n.适应；改编本
→ adapt v.适应
③ comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸&v.安慰抚慰
→ discomfort n.不舒适，不安
→ comfortable adj.舒适的，安逸的
→ comfortably adv.轻松地
→ uncomfortable adj.不舒适的
④ participate vi.参加，参与
→ participation n.参加
→ participant n.参与者
Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译
1.参加，参与 participate in
2.大声点说，明确表态 speak up
3.舒服自在，不拘束 feel at home
4.（使）从事，参与 engage in
5.参与，卷入，与……有关联 get involved in
6.文化冲击 culture shock
7.告别 say goodbye to
8.习惯 get used to
9.轮流 take turns
10.也；还 as well as
11.（使）花一大笔钱 cost an arm and a leg
12.支持，站在……的一边 side with
13.据我所知 as far as I know
14.就我而言，依我看来 as far as I am concerned
15.总的来说，总之 in summary
16.（为……）做贡献 contribute to
17.与……合作 cooperate with
18.总之 all in all
19.胜任 be competent with
Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译
1.她解释说：“我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”
“My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she explained.
2.“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。
“When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,”Xie Lei said.
3.此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.
4.她说：“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”
“Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said.
5.努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。
As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities.
6.这是她第一次离开中国。
It was the first time that she had left China.
7.我变得更积极主动了，我现在也更雄心勃勃了！
I became more motivated, and I’m also a lot more ambitious now!
8.顾问谈到了在出国留学时保持合理的期望。
The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.
9.然而，他爱中国的最大原因是他喜欢和中国人在一起。
The biggest reason why he loves China, however, is that he enjoys being with Chinese people.
10.起初，我认为掌握音调很困难。
I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first.
Ⅳ. 书面表达
1.结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
①随着生活水平的提高，海外游学在一些高中生中越来越受欢迎。（as引导的时状语从句；gain）
②一些学生认为，海外游学可以让他们接触不同的文化，从而拓宽他们的视野。（be exposed to；同位语从句）
③然而，其他人反对它（海外游学）。生活费比在国内要贵得多，最终可能大部分家庭要花费一大笔钱。（expense；end up doing；cost an arm and a leg）
④在我看来，我们应该花时间在我们自己的国家更努力地学习和提高自己。（as far as I am concerned；devote…to）
As the living standards improve, the overseas study tour is gaining its popularity with some high school students. Some students hold the view that overseas study tours allow them to be exposed to different cultures, thus broadening their horizons. However, others object to it. Living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. As far as I am concerned, we should devote our time to studying harder in our own country and improving ourselves.
丰实底蕴·素养融通
趣谈词汇
单词的魔性
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can
对于“can”这个词，相信很多人都只知道它是情态动词“能；可能”的意思，但其实它还有其他意思。这个句子就是个很好的例子。
第一个can是情态动词：可以；能。
第二个can是动词，意为“把……装罐保存”。
第三个can是名词，意为“金属罐”。
canner是名词，意为“罐头工人”。
第四个can是情态动词：可以；能
第五个can是动词，意为“ 把……装罐保存”。
第六个can是名词，意为“ 金属罐”。
所以这句话的意思是：你能够像罐头工人一样装罐头吗？
经典美句
The Shawshank Redemption《肖申克的救赎》
1. You know some birds are not meant to be caged; their feathers are just too bright.
你知道，有些鸟儿是注定不会被关在牢笼里的，它们的每一片羽毛都闪耀着自由的光辉。
2. There is something inside, that they can’t get to, that they can’t touch. That’s yours.
那是一种内在的东西，他们到达不了，也无法触及，那是你的。
3. Hope is a good thing and maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.
希望是一个好东西，也许是最好的，好东西是不会消亡的。
4. I find I’m so excited. I can barely sit still or hold a thought in my head. I think it is the excitement only a free man can feel, a free man at the start of a long journey whose conclusion is uncertain. I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friend, and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams.
我发现自己是如此的激动，以至于不能静静地坐下来思考。我想只有那些重获自由即将踏上新征程的人们才能感受到这种即将揭开未来神秘面纱的激动心情。我希望跨越千山万水见到我的朋友握住他的手，我希望太平洋的海水如同梦中的一样蓝。
4Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
① motivated /'m t ve t d/adj. 积极的，主动的→ motivation / m t ve n/ n. 动机；动力；积极性→ motivate /'m t ve t/ v. 激发；激励；成为……动机
② reasonable / ri zn bl/ adj. 有道理的；合情理的→ reason / ri zn/ v. 推理；推论；推断n. 理由，原因 → unreasonably / n’ri: zn bl / adv. 不合理地
③ expectation / ekspek te n/ n. 预期；期望；期待→ expect / k spekt/ vt. 预料；期望 → unexpected / n k spekt d/ adj. 出乎意外的，想不到的→ unexpectedly / n ks pekt dli/ adv. 出乎意外地, 想不到地
④ applicant / pl k nt/ n. 申请人→ application / pl ke n/ n. 申请；应用→ apply / pla / v. 申请；涂；应用
⑤ firm /f m/ adj. 结实的；牢固的；坚定的n.公司；商行；事务所→ firmly / f mli/ adv. 坚固地；稳定地
⑥ expose / k sp z/ vt. 使暴露于（险境）；使接触；使体验；显露→ exposure / k sp (r)/ n. 暴露；接触；体验；揭露
⑦ depart /d pɑ t/ v. 离开，上路→ departure /d pɑ t (r)/ n. 离开；启程；出发
⑧ expense / k spens/ n. 费用；花费；开销→ expensive / k spens v/ adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的
⑨ behave /b he v/ vt.& vi. 有礼貌；表现得体vt. 表现→ behaviour /b he vj (r)/ n. 行为；举止；态度
⑩ surroundings /s ra nd z/ n. （复数）周围的事物；环境→ surround /s ra nd/ vt. 包围；围绕→ surrounding /s ra nd / adj. 周围的；附近的
mature /m t (r)；m tj (r)/ adj. 成熟的→ maturity /m t r ti；m tj r ti/ n. 成熟→ immature / m tj (r)/ adj. 不成熟的，未长成的
depressed /d prest/ adj. 沮丧的，意志消沉的→ depress /d pres/ vt. 使沮丧，使忧愁
strengthen / stre θn/ vt.& vi. 加强；巩固；增强→ strength /stre θ/ n. 力气；力量；强项→ strong /str / adj. 强壮的；强大的
competence / k mp t ns/ n. 能力；胜任；本领→ competent / k mp t nt/ adj. 有能力的；称职的
cooperate /k p re t/ vi.合作；配合；协作→ cooperation /k p re n/ n. 合作；协作→ cooperative /k p r t v/ adj. 合作的
sincerely /s n s li/ adv. 真诚地；诚实地→ sincere /s n s (r)/ adj. 真诚的；真挚的
logical / l d kl/ adj. 合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→ logically / l d k li/ adv. 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1.与……合作 cooperate with
2.胜任 be competent with
3.总之 all in all
4.cost an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱
5.contribute to （为……）做贡献
6.side with 支持，站在……的一边
7.as far as I know 据我所知
8.as far as I am concerned 就我而言；依我看来
9.in summary 总的来说；总之
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 动词 -ing 作主语
教材原句 Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。
中文例句 学习一门外语对每个人都很有用。
句式仿写 Learning a foreign language is very useful to everyone.
2.
句型公式 状语从句的省略
教材原句 All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. 总而言之，留学有助于塑造品格，增进人们对文化多样性的理解，同时增强中国实力，打造人类命运共同体。
中文例句 在遛狗的时候，他不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
句式仿写 While walking the dog ， he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是“表达你对出国留学的看法”。出国留学是一个家庭为孩子做出的重要决定，因此讨论这个问题有较强的现实意义，目的是引导学生客观地分析出国留学的利与弊。
文本改写
教材原文 STUDYING ABROAD：IS IT A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA Dear Editor, In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater. To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure. That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone. Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money. Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad. Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed. Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety. In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students. A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available. They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country. To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors. Kind regards, Wang Li （mother of twin girls） Dear Editor, Is studying abroad a good idea or not There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth. The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence. Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange. Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations. International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here. Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. China’s global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world. Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities. All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all. I think this life-changing experience is certainly worthwhile, and I hope my child will study abroad in the future. Sincerely yours, Zhang Yi（father of one boy） 教材译文 留学：好主意，还是坏主意 尊敬的编辑: 过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长。尽管留学大有裨益，但我认为，留学对于年轻人来说是弊大于利。 首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。国外的学费和生活开销比国内昂贵得多，大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱。而在中国读书则更加方便，还能省钱。 需要考虑的另一个重要因素是留学所带来的巨大压力。学生必须学会靠有限的语言技能在一个陌生的环境中生活。在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨，另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独立应付各种挑战，因而感到苦闷。有些学生甚至会遭遇人身安全问题。此外，不同的教和学的方式对很多学生来说也是一种冲击。 最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。这些高校拥有一流的设施和杰出的教授，助力培养为经济作贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。 综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是：留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。 谨致问候！ 王丽（一对双胞胎女孩的母亲） 尊敬的编辑： 留学是个好主意还是坏主意呢？留学当然有其弊端，但我认为利大于弊。我时常告诫我儿子，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！ 留学的第一个好处就是个人成长。你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。例如，由于你需要独自应对各种困难，你一定会变得更加独立。留学还有助于你获得全球视野，提升综合能力。 留学的另一个好处是获得更多文化交流的机会。中国留学生可被视为增进国际友谊的文化使者。在华的外国留学生也带来他们丰富多彩的文化。与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。 最后，留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。中国“一带一路”倡议等项目的全球前景帮助我们与世界建立联系。因此，中国需要更多有才能、有国际视野、语言能力极强、具有领导力和组织能力、拥有强烈文化意识的年轻人。海外求学的学生能够培养这类技能，而这些技能反过来又将为他们带来更好的就业机会。 总而言之，留学有助于塑造品格，增进人们对文化多样性的理解，同时增强中国实力, 打造人类命运共同体。我认为这改变一生的经历当然是值得的，我希望我的孩子将来去国外留学。 此致 敬礼！ 张毅（一个男孩的父亲）
请将范文中的第二篇改写成一篇60词左右的短文。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.出国留学 study abroad
2.利弊 advantages and disadvantages
3.个人成长 personal growth
4.更多的机会 the increased chance
5.文化交流 cultural exchange
6.好机会 a great opportunity
7.为……作出贡献 contribute to
8.总而言之 all in all
9.文化多样性 cultural diversity
【句型运用】
1.出国留学有缺点和优点。（动名词作主语）
Studying abroad has disadvantages and advantages.
2.优势要大得多。（much 修饰比较级）
The advantages are much greater.
3.出国留学的优点之一是个人成长。（one of 结构）
One of the advantages of studying abroad is personal growth.
4.它增加了文化交流的机会。（the chance for. . .）
It increases the chance for cultural exchange.
5.出国留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。（动名词作主语）
Studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland.
6.增强中国的实力，打造人类命运共同体。（strengthen, 过去分词作前置定语）
It strengthens China and builds a shared future for all.
【句式升级】
1.用并列复合句升级句1、2。
Studying abroad has disadvantages and advantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater.
2.用not only. . . but also. . . 升级句6。
Not only does it strengthen China but also it builds a shared future for all.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Studying abroad has disadvantages and advantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater. One of the advantages of studying abroad is personal growth. Another advantage is that it increases the chance for cultural exchange. Finally, it provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland. Not only does it strengthen China but also it builds a shared future for all.
实战演练
1.某英文报就近年来我国学生出国留学低龄化的利弊在报上展开讨论，希望广大读者畅所欲言，就此事发表自己的看法。假设你是中学生李华，请用英语给编辑写一封信，谈谈你的看法，并说明理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：写作指导
体裁 应用文
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一、三人称
要点 1. 中国的教育和国外的教育既有优点也有缺点。 2. 我们中国学生目前最重要的事情是了解我们的国家、人民和文化。 3. 此外，过早去国外学习不仅要花很多钱，而且还会带来严重的问题，照顾自己就是其中之一。
答案：One possible version:
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age.
The education in China and that in foreign countries have both advantages and disadvantages. The most important thing for us Chinese students to do at present is to know about our country, people and culture well. Besides, going to study in foreign countries at an early age not only costs a lot of money, it could also bring serious problems, one of which is whether they can take care of themselves.
In my opinion, as primary or middle school students, we should devote our time to studying harder in our own country and improving ourselves.
Yours,
Li Hua
高级短语及句式
1. devote one’s time to doing. . . 时间花在做……上
2. Besides, going to study in foreign countries at an early age not only costs a lot of money, it could also bring serious problems. . .
（动名词作主语；not only. . . but also. . .）此外，过早去国外学习不仅要花很多钱，而且还会带来严重的问题……
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. end up 最终成为，最后处于
Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg.
国外的学费和生活开销比国内昂贵得多, 大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱。(教材P20)
典例翻译
①How does the story end up
这篇故事是怎么结尾的？
②The party ended up with a song.
聚会以一首歌结束。
③You will end up in debt if you keep on spending money like that.
如果你继续像那样花钱的话，你最终会陷入债务的。
④If you don’t eat less, you’ll end up looking like a whale!
如果你不少吃些，你最终会看起来像一条鲸鱼！
归纳拓展
end up in 以……结束（侧重以某种结果结束）
end up as 最终成为……（侧重以某种身份结束)
end up with 以……（侧重以某种方式结束）
end up doing/adj.以……结束
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Even a successful inventor makes experiments that end up in failure.
②Humans ended up with a sense of adventure.
③He got a rapid promotion and ended up as a manager.
（2）完成句子
④音乐会在观众的掌声中结束。
The concert ended up with the applause of the audience.
2. behave vt.表现vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌
Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.
在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①He behaves badly towards customers.
他对顾客态度不好。
②If parents do not teach their child how to behave himself, he will do anything at will.
如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩，他做任何事情都会我行我素。
③I don’t think it is a reasonable practice for them to behave that way in our society.
我认为在这个社会里他们用那种方式做事是不合情理的。
④I think all of us should mind our behaviour in public places.
我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。
归纳拓展
（1） behave oneself 举止得体
behave as if/though. . . 表现得好像……
behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人好/坏
（2）behavior n. [U]行为, 举止
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Though he was a little boy, he behaved quite well （good） at the dinner party.
②They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.
③Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened. In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio（u）r . （behave）
（2）句式升级
④He behaved well and was praised by his parents. （用现在分词短语作状语改写）
→ Behaving well, he was praised by his parents.
3. deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors. 综上所述, 我们无法否认的事实是: 留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时, 应当考虑上述诸多因素。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①He denied having seen these watches before.
他否认曾经见过这些手表。
②He denied that it was his fault.
他否认这是他的过错。
③There is no denying that Taiwan is a beautiful island.
不可否认, 台湾是一个美丽的岛屿。
④No one should be denied a good education. = A good education should not be denied to anyone.
任何人都不应该被剥夺接受良好教育的机会。
归纳拓展
deny（doing） sth. 否认（做）某事
deny+that从句否认……
There is no denying that 毋庸置疑……, 不可否认……
It can’t be denied that. . . 不可否认……
deny sb. sth. = deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给某人某物
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①There is no denying （deny）that learning a foreign language is difficult and when it comes to speaking the language, it can be extremely tough.
② It can’t be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.
（2）单句写作
③他拒绝给学生讲话的机会。
He denied the students a chance to speak.
4. optimistic adj.乐观的
As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard!
我时常告诫我儿子，对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说，世上无难事！（教材P20）
典例翻译
①I think I am a cautious, independent and optimistic person.
我认为我是一个谨慎、独立、乐观的人。
②We have every reason to feel optimistic.
我们完全有理由感到乐观。
③My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here.
我在工作面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来，对我在这里能做什么很乐观。
④A gentleman is open-minded and optimistic; a small person is narrow-minded and pessimistic.
君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。
归纳拓展
（1） be optimistic about 对……乐观
（2）optimist n. 乐观主义者
（3）optimism n.乐观, 乐观主义
with optimism乐观地
头脑风暴
（1）pessimism n. 悲观，悲观主义
with pessimism 悲观地
（2）pessimistic adj. 悲观的
be pessimistic about. . . 对……悲观
（3）pessimist n. 悲观主义者
学以致用
单句填空
①He expressed his optimism （optimistic）about the future.
②We may now look forward to the future with optimism.
③Whatever the difficulty is, we should be an optimist （optimistic）about life.
④On your second question, I think you’re too pessimistic. We should be optimistic about it.
5. gain vt. 获得；赢得；取得；增加n. 好处；增加
The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better.
你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①I gained a lot by/from my former experience.
我从以前的经验中学到了很多东西。
②I’m new on the job, but I am already gaining experience.
对这个工作我是新手，但我已经在积累经验了。
③India gained its independence in 1947.
印度在1947年获得了独立。
归纳拓展
（1）gain weight增加体重
gain sth. from. . . 从……中获益
gain sth. by. . . 通过……方式获得
gain other’s respect/trust/knowledge 获得别人的尊敬/信任/知识
（2）No pain, no gain. 不劳则无获。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① To gain （gain） a deeper understanding of politics for his writing, he took a one-year job in the city government.
②She hopes to gain experience by/from working abroad for a year.
（2）完成句子
③正如谚语所说：“没有付出就没有收获”。
As the saying goes, “ no pain, no gain ”.
④通过这次志愿者活动，我不仅开阔了视野，而且获得了宝贵的经验。
From this voluntary activity, not only did I broaden my horizons but also gained valuable experience.
6. cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合
Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①We hope we can cooperate even more closely in the future.
希望我们今后能更加密切地合作。
②He has said he will cooperate fully with the police’s enquiries.
他说他将全力配合警方的调查。
③We would be grateful for your cooperation in clearing the hall as quickly as possible.
你们若大力协助尽快把大厅腾空，我们将不胜感激。
归纳拓展
（1） cooperate with（sb.） in （sth.）和（某人）合作（某事）
cooperate in harmony 协调地合作；配合默契
（2）cooperation n. 合作；协作
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The two companies are cooperating in the development of a new engine.
②The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.
（2）完成句子③其次，它让我学会了如何与自己喜欢或不喜欢的人团结合作。
Second, it let me know how to cooperate in harmony with people who I like or dislike.
重点句型
1. 动词 -ing 作主语
Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入的了解。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
②No smoking is allowed.
禁止吸烟。
③Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们来帮助我们对我们是极大的鼓舞。
归纳拓展
误区警示
1. 单个的动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Good writing needs a lot of practice, as our Chinese teacher often says.
我们语文老师常说，文章要写得好，需要多多练习。
2. 由 and 连接的两个（或多个）动名词或不定式作主语, 如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数; 如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。例如：
Lying and stealing are not right.
撒谎和偷窃是不对的。
Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.
哭泣和哀号是解决不了这个问题的。
学以致用
①Cleaning the offices is （be）one of Mr. Smith’s daily duties.
②It is no use talking （talk） without doing.
③To me, swimming and walking are （be）always fun.
④The main trouble is their （they） not having enough money.
2. as 引导的状语从句
As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available.
随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观, 优质大学比比皆是。（教材P20）
典例翻译
①When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
②As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.
她唱歌时，眼泪从脸颊淌下。
③As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.
随着孩子年龄的增长，他们对周围的事物越来越感兴趣。
④Intelligent as she was, she didn’t have much insight.
她虽然聪明，但不是很有洞察力。
⑤As it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home.
因为又下起雨来了, 我们只好待在家里了。
归纳拓展
（1）引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；一边……一边……；随着”
（2）引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”“依照”“像”
（3）引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，从句应倒装
（4）引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”“由于”
（5）引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”
学以致用
指出下列各句中 as 的含义
①You must try to hold the tool as I do. 按照
②Just as we sweep our rooms, we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如……，就像
③As I left the house, I remembered the key. 当……时候
④As time went on/by, she became more and more beautiful. 随着……
⑤As you’re not feeling well, you may stay at home. 既然，由于
⑥I don’t speak English as well as she does. 和……一样
⑦Tired as they were, they walked on. 虽然
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings （环境） with strange people.
2.Her position in the party has strengthened （加强） in recent weeks.
3.He was always optimistic （乐观的）, even when things were at their worst.
4.His experience abroad provides a wider perspective （角度） on the problem.
5.A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic （巨大的） effects on the economy.
6.He wanted to introduce mature （成熟的） people with leadership qualities.
7.These things will help you gain （获得） a better understanding of how real objects work.
8.The department has been shrinking year by year because of budget （预算） cuts.
9.The expert said it is still not possible to predict the ultimate outcome （结果）.
10.We need a new angle （角度） for our next advertising campaign.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
generally speaking; as far as I know; in summary; contribute to; side with; cost an arm and a leg; cooperate with; all in all; as far as I am concerned; apply for
1.Eating in the restaurants on this street will cost an arm and a leg .
2.I will side with you no matter what happens.
3. As far as I know , they have gone abroad for further education.
4. As far as I am concerned , I believe that it is a wise choice.
5. In summary , going abroad to study has many advantages.
6. Generally speaking , I am very satisfied with this job.
7.If you cooperate with us, you will get your medical treatment.
8.He has to apply for a permit and we have to find him a job.
9. All in all , I think it has been a very successful conference.
10.I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
Studying Abroad: Is It a Good or a Bad Idea
Parents hold different opinions about students’ studying abroad. Wang Li, the mother of twin girls, 1. （believe） that there is no need for overseas study. As far as she is 2. （concern）, studying abroad is a bad idea because it causes both 3. （economy）and academic pressure. 4. （additional）, with many great universities now available in China, young people who choose to study in our homeland also have a great future 5. （look）forward to. Contrary to Wang’s opinion, Zhang Yi, the father of a boy, argues 6. the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. He holds the view that the experience of studying abroad not only contributes to personal growth, 7. also increases chances for cultural exchange. 8. （cooperate） with people from diverse cultural backgrounds can help us view the world 9. different angles and have a better understanding of our own culture. He also stresses that, in the long run, studying abroad serves as a great opportunity for young people to make contributions to the development of our motherland. Though accompanied（伴随） by many 10. （difficulty）, studying abroad is worthwhile.
1. believes 2. concerned 3. economic 4. Additionally 5. to look
6. that 7. but 8. Cooperating 9. from 10. difficulties
20Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
（名词性从句）
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P14）Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too.
2. （教材P14）…her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
3. （教材P14）Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.
4. （教材P15）At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
5. （教材P15）What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
1.观察上面句子并归纳其用法：
答案：1.以上所有例句中都用了相当于名词作用的从句（即名词性从句）在句中充当成分。
2. 句1为省略了that的宾语从句。
3. 句2中that、what引导的都是宾语从句。
4. 句3为省略了that的宾语从句。
5. 句4中第一个what引导同位语从句；第二个what引导主语从句； that引导表语从句。
6. 句5中What引导的是主语从句。
要点精析
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词（词组），它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.主语从句
从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语
That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确定的。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
温馨提示
①that引导主语从句时一般不可省略。
②当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。
③that从句作主语时通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。常用句型有：
It’s certain/uncertain that… ……是肯定的/不确定的
It’s likely/possible/probable that…有可能……
It’s a pity/shame that… 很可惜/很遗憾……
It’s no surprise that… ……毫不奇怪/很正常
It’s said/reported/thought/believed that… 据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信……
It happens that…碰巧……
2.宾语从句
从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others. 原因在于她比其他人工作更努力。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
I don’t know if (whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有趣。
Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你想要什么？
She will give whoever needs help a hand. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予帮助。
温馨提示
①that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。
I believe (that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。
②whether与or not连用时，不能用if代替；作介词宾语时用whether不能用if。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
③如果动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置；有些动词（短语）后面接it，再加从句构成固定结构，如enjoy, hate, appreciate, rely on等。
We must make it clear thatanyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
I hate it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger. 我讨厌被单独留下与一个陌生人开始交谈。
3.表语从句
从属连词 that, whether等 只起连接作用，不在句中作任何成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语
The problem is that they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他不到会的原因。
温馨提示
①If不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时一般不能省略。
②其他常考的表语从句：This/That is why…（这/那就是……的原因）；This/That is because…（这/那就是因为……）；The reason why…is that…（……的原因是……）。
4.同位语从句
同位语从句主要由that引导，在从句中不作任何成分，也可由when, where, whether, how等引导。同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought, question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof, belief, story, opinion等。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回家。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到玛丽可能生病了。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句填空
1.（2019北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.
2.（2019课标全国Ⅰ卷） While they are rare north of 88° there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
3.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
4.（2018北京卷） This is what my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.（2018江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.
6.There is no doubt that he will succeed in time.
7.We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.
8.Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you’re afraid to do.
9.Upon graduation he asked to be sent to where he was most needed.
10.It is reported that the government is going to close the factory.
11. What surprises me most is that he is too vain.
12. That Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.
13.You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
14.The problem is whether we can get in touch with her.
15.The message whose responsibility it was is known to all.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.
This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 1. he was. We wondered 2. he was so hungry. We were surprised 3. he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4. the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5. we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6. he took out of an envelope-a million pound bank note.
I asked Mr. Clements 7. it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8. the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake.
9. a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe 10. excited I was.
1. who 2. why 3. that 4. whether/if 5. whether/if
6. that 7. whether/if 8. what 9. Why 10. how
5UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES
单元目标
主题学习目标 通过本单元学习了解交换生在国外的留学经历及跨文化交际中的常见问题和文化对策。加深学生对中国文化的魅力及其对世界的影响的理解，培养学生的跨文化沟通能力。
语言能力目标 核心单词 complex, recal, qualification, qualify, ambition, adaptation, comfort, cite, participate, presentation, engage, involve, zone, motivate, expectation, aplicant, firm, exposure, expose, insight, departure, setting, grasp, dramatic, expense, behave, surounding, mature, depress, strengthen, deny, optimistic, gain, competence, coperate, angle, belt, initiative, sincerely, budget, logical, outcome
重点词块 participate in, speak up, feel at home, engage in, get involved in, culture shock, comfort zone, cost an arm and a leg, side with, as far as I know, as far as I am concerned, in summary, generaly speaking
单元语法 识别并正确运用名词性从句（TheNounClause）。
写作能力 利用本单元所学知识、技能和策略，写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的议论文。
背景导学
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time on “small talk”, usually over a cup of tea, before they do any job. In many European countries-like the UK or France-people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand. I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion. Instead, there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled. After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express our meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values. However, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because the culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
1.In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to .
A. develop closer relations
B. share the same culture
C. get to know each other
D. keep each other company
答案：A
2.The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that .
A. the English prefer to make long speeches
B. too many words are of no use
C. people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature
D. even talk and silence can be culturally different
答案：D
3.How can people from different cultures understand each other better
A. By sharing different ways of life.
B. By accepting different habits
C. By recognizing different values.
D. By speaking each other’s language.
答案： C
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
教材原文 “WELCOME, XIE LEI!” BUSINESS STUDENT BUILDING BRIDGESS Six months ago, 19-year-old Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time that she had left China. “I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei recalled. Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. “I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,” she explained. At first, Xie Lei had to adaptto life in a different country. “You have to get used to a whole new life.” she said. “I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I’m not familiar with. I ask them to repeat themselves a lot!” Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said. “When there’s something I don’t know or understand, I can ask them. They are also keen to learn about China. Laura, the daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future. We take turns to cook each evening. They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too.” Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people. Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own. Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence,” she said. “I’ll use these skills back home for presentations. They’ll help me build a strong business in the future.” Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her. “Engagingin British culture has helped,” she said. “As well as studying hard, I’ve beeninvolved in social activities. British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it, so I’m keen to share my culture with them. While I’m learning about business I’m also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.” We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions, but for now, we wish her all the best. 教材译文 “欢迎你，谢蕾！” 商科学生搭建文化交流的桥梁 半年前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机。这是她第一次离开中国。“我很激动，也很紧张，不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。 谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。“之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。 起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活。“你必须习惯一种全新的生活。”她说，“我得学会使用公共交通，学会要到我不知道英文名称的东西。迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。我老是让他们重复！” 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。“当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以咨询他们。他们对中国也很感兴趣，我房东的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学。我们每晚轮流做饭, 他们真的很爱吃我做的番茄炒蛋！劳拉说，每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我教她做这道菜。” 谢蕾面临的另一个挑战是学业要求。第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。她的导师建议她广泛阅读文献，形成自己睿智的观点。 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。学生需要形成观点、提供例子、运用概念、提出问题, 并且还要进行展示。刚开始的时候, 谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。“我的中国传统艺术展示非常成功，提升了我的自信心。”她说，“回国后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中，帮助我未来打造一家强大的企业。” 一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常了。“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说,“努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。英国人对我们的文化十分着迷，渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也乐于同他们分享。攻读商科的同时，我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起一座桥梁。” 我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利。
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
① qualification /kw l f 'ke n/n.资格；资历→ qualified /'kw l fa d/adj.有资格的；胜任的
② ambition / m’b n/n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ ambitious / m’b s/adj.有雄心的；有野心的
③ adaptation / d p’te n/n.适应；改编本→ adapt / 'd pt/v.适应
④ comfort /'k mf t/n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰→ discomfort /d s’k mf t/n.不舒适，不安→ comfortable /'k mft bl/adj.舒适的，安逸的→ comfortably /'k mft bli/adv.轻松地→ uncomfortable / n’k mft bl/adj.不舒适的
⑤ participate /pɑ 't s pe t/v.参加，参与→ participation /pɑ t s 'pe n/n.参加；参与→ participant /pɑ 't s p nt/n.参与者
⑥ presentation /'prezn’te n/n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出→ present /pr 'zent/v.把……交给；颁发；授予，展现 → present /'preznt/n.礼物；现在→ present /'preznt/adj.现在的；出席的
⑦ involve / n’v lv/vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加→ involved / n’v lvd/adj.有关联；复杂的→ involvement / n’v lvm nt/n.参与；加入
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1. 告别 say goodbye to
2. 习惯 get used to
3. 轮流 take turns
4. 参加；参与 participate in
5. 也；还 as well as
6. speak up 大声点说，明确表态
7. feel at home 舒服自在，不拘束
8. engage in （使）从事，参与
9. get involved in 参与，卷入，与……有关联
10. culture shock 文化冲击
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 It/This/That is/was the+序数词+time（that）…这/那是第几次……
教材原句 It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。
中文例句 那是她首次公开演唱。
句式仿写 It was the first time that she had sung in public.
2.
句型公式 the first time “第一次……”，引导时间状语从句
教材原句 The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！
中文例句 我第一次见到她时，她穿着一条红裙子。
句式仿写 The first time I saw her , she wore a red skirt.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
Reading for the main idea.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What’s the main idea of the text ( )
A.Xie Lei’s study in London as an exchange student.
B.Xie Lei’s experience on an exchange programme.
C.Xie Lei’s feeling during her exchange year.
D.Xie Lei’s life abroad.
答案：A
Reading for the structure.
Fill in the blanks with proper words.
Challenges What she did
Daily life her 1. to a whole new life ◆learn thow to use 2. ◆learnt how to 3. things she didn’t know the English names for ◆asked 4. for help when she got 5. and asked them to repeat themselves a lot
lonelines lived with 6. , who can help with her adaptation to the new culture
Academic requirements writing an essay ◆got help from her 7. ◆read lots of information in order to form awise 8. of her own
students’ participation 9. and giving presentations ◆spoke up in clas ◆gave presentations on 10. using diferent skils
1. adaptation 2. public transport 3. ask for 4. pasers-by 5. lost 6. a host family 7. tutor 8. opinion 9. in class 10. traditional Chinese art
Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text.
1.What does Xie Lei want to do after graduation
A.To start her own business in China.
B.To teach global business in China.
C.To continue to study abroad.
D.To work for the exchange programme.
答案：A
2.Why did Xie Lei choose to live with a host family
A.Because she liked to make friends with the host family.
B.Because she wanted to save money for accommodations.
C.Because she wanted to adapt to the new culture quickly.
D.Because she wanted to help Laura learn Chinese.
答案：C
3.What did Xie Lei have to do to get good results
A.Be involved in social activities.
B.Get along well with others.
C.Listen to the teacher carefully.
D.Participate actively in class.
答案： D
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.① When I got lost , I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words ② I’m not familiar with .
【分析】本句是由表示转折意义的并列连词but 连接的并列复合句。①为 when 引导的时间状语从句，②为省略关系代词 that/which 的定语从句，修饰先行词words。
【译文】迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。
2.① Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation , Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, ② who can help with her adaptation to the new culture .
【分析】这是一个主从复合句。①为 although 引导的让步状语从句，②为 who 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 family 。
【译文】虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。
3.① The first time that she had to write an essay , her tutor explained that she must acknowledge ② what other people had said ③ if she cited their ideas , but that he mainly wanted to know ④ what she thought !
【分析】这是一个主从复合句。
本句的主干是“主谓宾”结构：her tutor explained that…。①中The first time引导的是时间状语从句。主句谓语动词explained后面是两个 that 连接的宾语从句。在第一个宾语从句中有一个 what 引导的宾语从句和一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，在第二个宾语从句中，④what she thought作动词know的宾语。
【译文】第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What did Xie Lei go to England to do six months ago
Xie Lei went to England to study for a business qualification six months ago .
2.At first, what problem did she meet？
At first, she couldn’t adapt to the life abroad .
3.What did she also find
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result .
4.How did she get used to the life and study there
With the help of her host family and her tutor, she got used to the life and study there.
5.What is she doing now apart from studying
Apart from studying, Xie Lei is acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between China and the UK.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
使用词汇替换方式改写上文1,2句。
1. Six months ago, Xie Lei left for England to study for a business qualification .
2. At first, she couldn’t get used to the life abroad .
使用句型转换方式改写上文4,5句。
3. It was with the help of her host family and her tutor that she got used to the life and study there .
4. Xie Lei is not only studying, but also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between China and the UK.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Six months ago, Xie Lei left for England to study for a business qualification. At first, she couldn’t get used to the life abroad. Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. It was with the help of her host family and her tutor that she got used to the life and study there. Now Xie Lei is not only studying, but also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between China and the UK.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. adaptation n.适应；改编本
Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①This play by George Bernard Shaw is an adaptation of a classic Greek story.
乔治·萧伯纳的这个剧本是根据一个古希腊故事改编的。
②We have to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不快速适应新制度。
③The process of adaptationto a new school is difficult for some children.
对一些孩子来说, 适应新学校的过程很难。
归纳拓展
（1） adaptation to… 适应……
（2）adapt vt.使适应；改编
adapt （oneself） to… 适应……
adapt…for…为……改编；改造……以供……之用
adapt…from…根据……改编
（3）adaptable adj.能适应的；可修改的
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The play is adapted from a novel.
②These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.
③When you go to a new country, you must adapt to new manners and customs.
④This play is an adaptation （adapt） of a short novel.
（2）句型转换
⑤The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if it was adapted for television, would be a hit. （改为省略句）
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television , would be a hit.
2. comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰
“When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said.“有第二个家, 想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①It’s a comfort to be with you.
与你在一起就是一种安慰。
②She longed for the comforts of home.
她渴望家的安逸。
③They tried to comfort her, but what could they say
他们想要安慰她，但能说什么呢
归纳拓展
（1）be a comfort to sb. 对某人来说是个安慰
It’s a comfort to do sth. 做……是令人安慰的事
in comfort舒适地；放松地
（2） comfort sb . = give comfort to sb. 安慰某人
（3）comfortable adj.舒服的; 安逸的
（4）comfortably adv.舒适地
（5）uncomfortable adj.不舒适的
温馨提示
comfort作“舒适；安慰”讲时，为不可数名词，但作“令人感到安慰的人或事物”讲时，则是可数名词，前面常出现不定冠词a。类似的还有：success, failure, surprise, joy 等；但fun例外，虽然也可指具体的人或事，但它是不可数名词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①It’s a comfort to me to know （know） that she is safe.
②A cup of hot milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
（2）一句多译
③为了能过上舒适的生活, 他不得不存足够的钱。
→He had to save enough money so that he could live comfortably .
→He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort .
3. participation n.参加；参与
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①We were very pleased with the high level of participation in the charity events.
我们为大家积极参与慈善活动感到非常高兴。
②She didn’t participate in the discussion.
她没有参加讨论。
③He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
归纳拓展
（1） participate in 参加……
（2） participant n.参加者；参与者
温馨提示
participate是不及物动词，常与in构成搭配，同义短语是join in, take part in。
学以致用
（1）用participate的正确形式填空
①Encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated in the English speech contest. Their participation inspired the rest of the students to study hard.
（2）句型转换
②She actively participated in local politics.
→ She took an active part in local politics.
4. presentation n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. 学生需要形成观点、提供例子、运用概念、提出问题, 并且还要进行展示。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①We went to the premiere of their new presentation.
我们去观看了他们的新剧目的首场演出。
②There were 200 people present at the meeting.
200人出席会议。
③My students presented me with some flowers. = My students presented some flowers to me.
我的学生们送了我一些花。
归纳拓展
（1）give a presentation of 对……作陈述
make a presentation to 为……颁发奖品
（2）present adj.存在的；目前的；在场的v.授予；提出；提交n.礼物；目前
be present at出席……
present sth. to sb. = present sb. with sth. 向某人赠送某物
for the present = for the time being 目前；暂时
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The president made a presentation （present） to the businesswoman of the year.
②The president was not present at the meeting.
（2）一句多译
③他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
→ They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
→ They presented the college with a sum of money in memory of their son.
5. speak up 大声点说；明确表态
At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①It’s time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice.
现在该为蒙受不公正对待的人们大声疾呼了。
②Please speak up so that the people at the back of the room can hear you.
请大点声讲，让屋子后面的人也能听见你的声音。
③You should get a lawyer to speak up for your case.
你该请一位律师为你的案子辩护。
归纳拓展
speak up for 代表……讲话；为……辩护
speak of谈起；提到
speak well/ill of表扬/批评
speak one’s mind说出心里话
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He also spoke up for the common man.
②They spoke of the old days on the campus.
（2）完成句子
③我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。
We should not speak ill of others behind their backs.
④你不妨将心中的话都讲出来。
You might as well speak your mind .
6. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束
Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK. 一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①However, my friendly and supportive colleagues here soon helped me to feel at home.
然而，在这儿，我友好的和乐于鼓励人的同事们很快帮我消除了拘束。
②After a while we made ourselves at home with each other.
过了一会儿，我们互相之间就无拘无束了。
③On my way home yesterday, I came across an old friend.
昨天在我回家的路上, 我遇到了一个老朋友。
归纳拓展
be home to是……的家园
make yourself at home 请随便；别拘束
home and abroad国内外
on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上
feel/be at home with和……合得来
be home free稳操胜券，遥遥领先
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We felt at home with her and were impressed with the depth of her knowledge.
②She always feels at home in her friend’s house.
（2）完成句子
③乔·拜登在2020年美国总统选举中遥遥领先。
Joe Biden was home free in the 2020 US presidential election.
7. engage vi.参加；参与（活动）vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）“Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said.“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
②She tried desperately to engage him in conversation.
她用尽办法要他跟她谈话。
③They were engaged in conversation.
他们正谈得来劲。
归纳拓展
（1） engage（sb.） in （sth.）（使）从事；参与
（2） be engaged in 从事；正做着；正忙着
be engaged to sb. 同……订婚
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He engaged in a serious study of the problem.
②The old lady engaged herself （she） in making clothes for her children.
③He was engaged （engage） to my sister.
（2）完成句子
④他们正忙着与爱尔兰政府谈判。
They are engaged in talks with the Irish government.
8. involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加
As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. 努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①He was involved in working out a plan.
他参与了制订计划。
②You’re too emotionally involved with the situation.
你在这件事上投入太多感情了。
③I didn’t mean to involve you in all this.
我没打算让你牵涉到这一切当中。
归纳拓展
（1） involve in 使卷入；使参加
（2）involve doing…包含做……
（3）be/get involved in 卷入；专注于
be/get involved with sb./sth. 关系密切; 关注
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The test will involve answering （answer） questions about a photograph.
②I can get involved in my part of the conversation.
③Running a kitchen involves （involve） a great deal of discipline and speed.
（2）完成句子
④那里的广大群众都参加了卫生运动。
The vast masses there got/were involved in the health campaign.
9. exposure n.接触，体验，暴露，揭露
Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 接触另一种文化和它的人民可以让交换生对世界有更深刻的认识。(教材P17)
典例翻译
①There is convincing evidence of a link between exposureto the sun and skin cancer.
有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
②After only short exposure to sunlight he began to turn red.
他在阳光下只晒了一会儿，皮肤就开始变红了。
③They have not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.
城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。
归纳拓展
（1） exposure to 暴露在
（2）expose…to…把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
（3）exposed adj. (指地方)无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……中
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Some people think we shouldn’t expose children to playing (play) computer games.
② Being exposed (expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
③And the more birds are exposed (expose) to light, the more active they are at night.
（2）句型升级
④Children are exposed to difficult situations. They are better at handling challenging situations.
→ Exposed to difficult situations , children are better at handling challenging situations. (分词短语作状语)
重点句型
1. It is/was the first time that sb. has/had done…这是某人第一次做……
It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。(教材P14)
典例翻译
①This is the first time that I have been here.
这是我第一次来这儿。
②It’s time for you to do your homework.
是你做作业的时候了。
③It was the third time that she had come to this village to see the children.
这是她第三次来到这个乡村看望这些孩子了。
归纳拓展
（1）It/This/That+was+the first/second/…time (that) sb. had done sth.
某人第一/二/……次做某事。
（2）It’s time for sth. 该是(做)……的时候了。
It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 该是(某人)做……的时候了。
It’s (about/high) time (that)sb. should do/did sth. 该是某人做……的时候了。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①It was the first time she had seen (see) him in person.
②It’s high time we took/should take (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
③It is time for you to enjoy (enjoy) holiday.
（2）完成句子
④这是我第一次成为志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。
This is the first time that I have been a volunteer , so I am now receiving all the training involved.
2. the first time 引导时间状语从句
The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 第一次写论文时, 她的导师向她解释说, 如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明, 不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！(教材P14)
典例翻译
①The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。
②The first time I saw you, I realized I seemed to have met you somewhere before.
我第一次见到你时，就意识到以前好像在什么地方见过你。
③He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the first time he attended his class. He was so excited in class for the first time.
第一次上课的时候他就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。这是他第一次在课堂上这么兴奋。
归纳拓展
（1）引导时间状语从句的短语或词还有every/each/any/next/last time, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly, by the time等。（2）for the first time只用作句子的状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导时间状语从句。
学以致用
（1）同义改写
①I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.
→ The moment I saw you, I fell in love with you （用the moment改写）
→ I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you（用以-ly结尾的连词改写）
（2）完成句子
②小心点！你一按按钮机器就运转。
Be careful! The machine starts the moment you press the button .
③每次我在公园里看到这位老人, 他都在专注地读报。
Every/Each time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.（2019课标全国Ⅰ卷）Whaley recalls （回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
2.（2019天津卷）A dramatic presentation （陈述） of the topic no more than 10 minutes long.
3.（2019课标全国Ⅰ卷）Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage （从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”
4.（2019北京卷）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved （参加） in various activities on Earth Day.
5.When I was young I never had any ambition （野心）.
6.Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation （改编）of the classic literature yesterday.
7.There will be a messenger （送信人） at the airport to collect the photographs from our courier.
8.This edition （版次） is a lot different from the earlier one.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
participate in; speak up; feel at home; engage in; get involved in; culture shock; say goodbye to; speak of; adapt to; in comfort
1.The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
2. Speaking of power, we could use yours if you still have it.
3.This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.
4.He was busily engaged in painting the furniture these days.
5.The Chinese family goes out of their way to make you feel at home .
6.I get culture shock every time I come back to this country.
7.He doesn’t want to get involved in this dispute.
8.Many firms are participating in the growth of demand on the world markets.
9.He has probably said goodbye to his last chance of the Olympic gold.
10.If you thought that wasn’t fair, why didn’t you speak up
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
It was the first time that 19-year-old Xie Lei 1. （leave）China for London. She was very 2. （excite） but also quite nervous. Xie Lei was 3. a year-long exchange programme. She wanted to learn about global business 4. improve her English. Her ambition is 5. （set） up a business in China after graduation. At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. In order to adapt to the new culture 6. （quick）, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family. Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. Her tutor 7. （advise）her to read lots of information to form 8. wise opinion of her own. Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ 9. （participate）in class as part of the final result. Now halfway through 10. （she） exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.
1. had left 2. excited 3. on 4. and 5. to set 6. quickly 7. advised 8. a 9. participation 10. her
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