专题九 动词的时态和语态【2022中考英语二轮复习 语法专题】（共35张PPT）

(共35张PPT)
人教版2022中考英语二轮复习
语法专题
专题九
动词的时态和语态
命题趋势
知识清单
考点抢测
满分点播
跟踪训练
近几年中考对动词时态的考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上。对动词语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。
考点一 动词的时态
种类 谓语形式 用法
一般现 在时 动词原形或第三人称单数形式 1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。
种类 谓语形式 用法
一般过 去时 动词的过去式 1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
3.用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
一般将 来时 1.will/shall+动词原形 2.be going to+动词原形 1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情；will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
续表
种类 谓语形式 用法
现在进 行时 am/is/are+ 动词-ing形式 表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。
过去进 行时 was/were+ 动词-ing形式 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
现在完 成时 have/has+ 动词的过 去分词 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for+时间段”或“since+表示过去的时间点”连用。
续表
种类 谓语形式 用法
过去完 成时 had+动词的 过去分词 1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
续表
特例清单
1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：
We’ll have a picnic if it is fine next Sunday.如果下个星期天天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。
I’ll call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。
2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作（此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语）。这类动词有:begin,come,go,leave,start,arrive,end,stop,open,close等。如：
The next train leaves at 7 o’clock this evening.下一班列车将在今天晚上七点出发。
3.现在进行时与always,forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：
The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个富裕的女人总是嘲笑穷人。
4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for,since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把非延续性动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。如：
[误]I’ve left this school for ten years.
[正]I’ve been away from this school for ten years.
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词对应表：
buy→have;borrow→keep;close→be closed
open→be open;put on→wear;get up→be up
begin/start→be on;finish→be over
die→be dead;catch a cold→have a cold
come back→be back;fall asleep→be asleep
join→be in/be a member of;leave→be away
arrive/reach/get to/go/come→be here/there
【考点抢测】
1.Sally _____ where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.
A. forgot B. has forgotten C. forgets D. had forgotten
A
2.—You promised that you _____ me to Disneyland， Dad.
—Well， I did， dear. But we have to change the plan.
A. will take B. would take C. has taken D. had taken
B
3.—It’s 20 years since we came back to Liangshan.
—How time flies! We _____ in our hometown for such a long time.
A. work B. worked C. has worked D. have worked
D
4.Sorry， you can’t take the dictionary away， Vicky.I _____ it.
A. used B. am using C. have used D. was using
B
C
5.So far， the number of people using 5G mobile phones _____ a lot.
A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. have increased
6.—Lucy， where’s your sister？
—Look! She _____ in the yard with our dog.
A. played B. has played C. plays D. is playing
D
B
7.Not only Jim but also his sister _____ a few cities in the south since they came to China.
A. have visited B. has visited C. visited D. visits
D
8.Sally_____her lunch when someone knocked at the front door yesterday.
A. has B. had C. is having D. was having
9.My father has worked in that factory for 20 years and he _____ here when he was 19 years old.
A. comes B. came C. has come D. had come
10.—Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.
—Only when she_____copying this report.
A. finishes B. finish C. will finish D. finished
A
D
11.Confucius _____ for about 2,500 years, but his thoughts and words are still valuable today.
A. died B. dies C. has died D. has been dead
B
12.—Look! Someone _____ the mirror.
—Well, it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it.
A. is breaking B. was breaking C. has broken D. will break
13.—Lucy, where is your father now Go and ask him to help me carry the big box.
—Just a moment, please.He_____an e-mail in the study.
A. writes B. is writing C. wrote D. was writing
B
C
14.—Do you think the red team _____ the game
—It’s hard to say.There are still fifteen minutes before the game ends.
A. wins B. won C. will win D. have won
C
15.Be quiet! The students _____ a physics test in the next classroom.
A. had B. have had C. were having D. are having
D
16.—Are you going anywhere
—I _____ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.
A. think B. have thought C. thought D. will think
C
17.—Why are you still here School is over for half an hour.
—Because I_____ my task yet, and I still need one more hour.
A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished
C
18.I _____ football quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
D
19.—Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now
—I’m watching a football match. It started at 7:00 and _____ on for another one hour.
A. has been B. was C. will be D. had been
C
20.—I tried calling you all the morning, but you didn’t answer.
—Oh, sorry. I _____ a meeting.
A. am having B. was having C. had D. will have
B
21.Teresa isn’t at home.I think she___________（go） shopping.
has gone
22.Keep your voice down,please!Your younger brother ____________（sleep）next door.
is sleeping
23.Jerry_________（brush） his teeth three times a day.
brushes
24.I _________（buy） this skirt when I was on vacation this summer holiday.
bought
25.Susan and Lily ______________ （pick） tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday.
were picking
考点二 被动语态
时态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 The flowers are often watered by her.
一般过去时 was/were+动词的过去分词 A farm was visited yesterday by us.
一般将来时 will/shall+be+动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her.
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词 The road is being built by the workers.
时态 被动语态结构 例句
现在完成时 have/has been+动词的过去分词 His rooms have been cleaned by him.
过去完成时 had been+动词的过去分词 His rooms had been cleaned by him then.
过去将来时 would/should be+动词的过去分词 He said the work would be done by October.
含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Your homework must be finished on time.
续表
特例清单
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：
The book sells very well.那本书很畅销。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。
The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
②含双宾语的结构变被动语态时，把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。如：
I was given a present.A present was given to me.
③谓语部分是动词短语时，短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。如：
The young man was sent away from school.
【注意】几种特殊的被动语态的用法：
①主动语态中省去to的结构变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。如：
【考点抢测】
1.That machine is broken. It _____ tomorrow.
A. repaired B. was repaired C. will repair D. will be repaired
D
2.—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him
—No problem!I think he _____ to think twice before starting.
A. should be told B. shouldn’t be told
C. should tell D. shouldn’t tell
A
3.In Miss Lin’s class， many chances _____ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. offered C. are offering D. are offered
D
4.—The last Beidou GEO-3 _____ into space successfully on June 23， 2020.
—As Chinese， we feel proud of it.
A. sends B. sent C. is sent D. was sent
5.—Excuse me. When can we play badminton at the court
—Not until it _____ next week.
A. repairs B. will repair C. is repaired D. will be repaired
C
D
6.This pair of shoes _____ hand, and it __ very comfortable.
A.is made by; is felt
B.is made with; is felt
C.is made with; feels
D.is made by; feels
D
7.The book _______________（sell） out already.
has been sold
were written
8.I heard that most of Jeff’s best books ______________（write） when he was sick and poor.
9.如果再多给一些时间，我会做得更好。
If more time ________________, I will do it better.
is given/offered
10.我相信无论这问题有多难，最终都能被解决。
I believe that no matter how hard the problem is, it _______________ in the end.
can be solved
1.（2021,武汉）—What good books did you read recently？
—I _____ Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read
C
2.（2021,十堰）Mid-Autumn Day usually _____ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come
B
3.（2021,襄阳）—Why are you in such a hurry
—Because the class _____ for 10 minutes.
A. has been on B. has begun C. is on D. begins
A
4.（2021,江西）—What’s the terrible noise？
—It’s John.He _____ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has practiced
B
5.（2021,武汉）—Did you notice the students _____ a few why questions in Mr.Zhang’s class？
—Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A. are asked B. must be asked C. have been asked D. were asked
D
6.（2021,鄂州）—_____ the Communist Party of China （中国共产党）founded in 1921
—Yes, and it’s her 100th birthday this year.
A. Is B. Was C. Has D. Have
B
C
7.（2021,昆明）A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they _____ to make their own decisions.
A. should allow B. shouldn’t allow
C. should be allowed D. shouldn’t be allowed
C
8.Every year thousands of tourists _____ the mountain area to relax themselves.
A. visited B. were visiting C. visit D. have visited
C
9.I want a mobile phone which _____ good pictures.
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. take
11.—Has Jack solved the difficult math problem？
—Not yet. But I believe he _____ in a few minutes.
A. has worked it out B. will work it out
C. was working it out D. works it out
B
10.—Peter， have you ever been to the English Corner？
—Oh，yes.I _____ there to practice speaking once a week last term.
A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go
A
12.—Have scientists found life on Mars？
—Not yet， but I think they _____ it some day.
A. find B. found C. have found D. will find
D
13.—Be quick, Sara! The taxi is waiting for us outside.
—A moment, please. I _____ some visitors our products.
A. showed B. am showing C. was showing D. show
B
14.—Hi， Daniel. You didn’t attend the chess class last night.
—Oh， I _____ my son’s model plane.
A. am repairing B. repair C. have repaired D. was repairing
D
15.In the past 70 years, China _____ historic changes and made great achievements.
A. experienced B. has experienced
C. experiences D. would experience
16.Han Mei， a good friend of mine， _____ me a lot with my English in the past three years.
A. helps B. helped C. has helped
C
17.—Alice， have you finished learning the whole book？
—Not yet. So far， we _____ six units.
A. learned B. have learned C. learn
B
B
18.I _____ the guitar ever since I was 8 years old.
A. played B. have played C. am playing D. will play
19.Most of the earth’s surface _____ by water.
A. is covered B. covers C. is grown D. grows
A
20.—What language _____ in Canada？
—Both English and French.
A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking
A
21.—Your hometown is famous for tea， right？
—Yes. Now tea plants _____ on most mountains here.
A. will grow B. are grown C. were grown
B
B
22.In 1958， pinyin _____ by Chinese linguist （语言学家） Zhou Youguang and his team.
A. designs B. designed C. is designed D. was designed
23.The bush fires in Australia _____ after a few months， leaving millions of animals dead.
A. were run out B. run out C. were put out D. put out
C
24.Last year Huai’an Flyover （高架） _____. Now it brings much convenience to people.
A. finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. was finished
D
D
25.The old lady _____ the hospital in time last night.
A. is taken to B. took to C. was taken to D. takes to
C
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