专题三 介词【2022中考英语二轮复习 语法专题】（共35张PPT）

(共35张PPT)
人教版2022中考英语二轮复习
语法专题
专题三 介词
命题趋势
知识清单
考点抢测
满分点播
跟踪训练
介词是各地市历年中考试题的必考内容之一。从命题内容来看，表示时间的介词、表示地点的介词及介词的固定用法，尤其是时间介词at,on,in用法的区别，between和among用法的区别，某些介词的特殊用法等是今后的考查热点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择、完形填空为主，分值一般在1~3分之间。预计2022年中考对介词的考查极有可能是时间介词和介词短语。
考点一 常用介词种类
种类 例词
表示时间 in,at,on,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,from...to...,before,past,after
表示方位 in,at,on,around,before,in front of,between,behind,beside,near,under,above,below,next to,among
表示往返的方向 to,towards,round,around,through,across,from...to...,into,out of,off,along
表示方式 by,on,with,in
其他 for,to,like,unlike,of,except,about,against,with,but,as,without
特例清单
1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前，但后面接时间段时，意为“在……之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在……之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：
We’ll be back in two days.我们两天后回来。
After he heard that,he left quickly.听到那后，他迅速离开了。
2.for和since在表示时间时，一般用于完成时，for与时间段连用，since与时间点连用。如：
She has worked there for two years.=She has worked there since two years ago.她在那上班两年了。
3.表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；on表示两个地点相互接壤；to则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国的东南部。
Shandong is on the north of Henan.山东位于河南的北部。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东面。
4.between表示“在两者之间”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间”，侧重指人或物各自独立；而among强调彼此不分离。如：
He is the taller one between them.他俩之间，他更高点。
Mary is the tallest among the girls.玛丽在这些女孩中是最高的。
5.表示方位时，on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，通常两个物体表面不接触;over表示“在……的正上方”，强调在垂直的上方。如：
My keys are on the floor.我的钥匙在地上。
The light is right above her head.灯正好在她头上。
The bird is flying over the river.那只鸟在河面上飞。
6.with,in和by这三者都可以译为“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某种工具，所用的东西都是具体的物品；in表示用某种材料、语言、声调等；by表示用某种方法或手段，多指使用某种交通工具。如：
Can you say it in Chinese 你能用汉语说它吗？
We see with eyes.我们用眼睛看。
He goes to school by bike.他骑自行车上学。
7.besides和except都可译为“除……之外”，但含义不同：besides表示“除……以外（还有）”，指在整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；except表示“从整体中除去一部分”，含义是否定的。如：
We all had fun besides him.除了他以外，我们玩得很开心。（他也开心）
We all had fun except him.除了他以外，我们玩得很开心。（他不开心）
8.instead of意为“代替”，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式；而instead是副词，意为“代替，顶替”，在句子中作状语，后面不能接任何成分。如：
He’ll go abroad instead of his brother.他将代替他弟弟出国。
Let’s go to the zoo instead.让我们去动物园。
9.across和through都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，表示动作是在某个物体表面进行；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意，表示动作是在某一物体内或空间里进行。乘船过江或过河用across,表示过门、窗户、森林等用through。
Don’t run across a street suddenly.不要突然横穿街道。
She walked through the gate.她从大门走进来。
【考点抢测】
1.（2021,扬州）China’s first Mars rover, Zhurong, touched down on the Red Planet _____ May 15, 2021.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
A
2.（2021,抚顺）Cathy always makes good use of her time to study, even _____ her lunch break.
A. around B. during C. from D. between
B
3.It’s hard to turn down a banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them _____ eating them.
A. until B. after C. before D. on
C
4.The ancient town has been open to visitors _____ about ten years.
A. by B. for C. on D. through
5.When are you arriving？ I’ll pick you up _____ the station.
A. at B. to C. on D. off
A
6.You’d better not hang out after school _____ telling your parents. They may worry about you.
A. by B. with C. without D. after
C
7.The door opened and my mother came in _____ a handbag in her hand.
A. on B. in C. at D. with
D
8.Xinhua Zidian,or the New Chinese Dictionary,was first published _____ 1953.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
B
B
9.—Shall we stop and wait for others
—Sounds good.I think they will catch up _____ a few minutes.
A. during B. after C. for D. in
D
10.On sunny days,my grandmother often reads a novel _____ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
A
11.—Excuse me.Where is the nearest bookstore
—Go _____ Center Street and you’ll find it.
A. for B. along C. with D. at
B
12._____ the exam,we will say goodbye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A. In B. For C. After D. Through
C
B
13.Taiwan lies ____ the east of Fujian Province, __ the southeast of China.
A.on; in
B.to; in
C.on; to
D.to; on
14.—How long have you lived in the new flat
—_____ 2010.
A. In B. After C. Since D. Before
C
15.When I got into the room, Sue was talking _____ the phone.
A. with B. on C. to D. in
B
16.It’s reported that the high-speed rail will be operated the next year _____ the two cities.
A. across B. among C. between D. beside
C
17.They save money _____ cooking their own meals instead of eating out.
A. for B. in C. with D. by
D
18.Mr. Green’s office is _____ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
19.It’s a little hot today.A group of kids are playing games _____ the tree happily.
A. below B. under C. beneath D. above
B
C
考点二 常用介词短语归纳
介词+名词 at home在家里；at school在学校；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at the moment在此刻；after a while过了一会；by the way顺便说；by the time到……时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；in order按顺序；in the daytime在白天；in time及时；in English用英语；in （the） future在将来；in fact事实上；on the way在路上；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船（火车、飞机）上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接（打）电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/
be+形容词+介词 右边；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上；with pleasure很乐意；with one’s help在某人的帮助下
be amazed at对……感到惊讶；be angry with生（某人的）气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做……；be good at擅长于；be excited about对……感到兴奋；be kind to对……和善；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受……欢迎；be pleased with对……感到满意；be proud of对……感到骄傲；be ready for为……做准备；be satisfied with对……满意；be worried about为……担心
续表
动词+介词 agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以……开始；come from来自；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill...with用……装；fall off从……落下；hear from收到……的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾；listen to听……；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给……；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在……后面；knock at敲
介词+名词+介词 at the foot of在……脚下；on the top of在……顶端；in the middle of在……中间；in the front of在……前面；at the beginning of在……的开始；by the end of到……结束时；at the age of在……岁时
续表
特例清单
1.in front of和in the front of只差一个定冠词the,但用法不同：前者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容不存在包含关系；而后者意为“在……的前部”，前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如：
She is sitting in the front of the hall.她坐在大厅前面。
He is sitting in front of me.他坐在我前面。
2.in the tree和on the tree都可以译为“在树上”,但用法不同：前者in the tree一般指本身不是树上的事物，而on the tree一般指树上本身长的东西。如：
There is a kite in the tree.树上有个风筝。
There are some apples on the tree.树上有些苹果。
3.in the wall指嵌在墙内,on the wall指在墙的表面。如：
There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
There is a map on the wall.墙上有一幅地图。
4.“在太阳下”用in the sun,“在某人的帮助下”用with one’s help或with the help of sb.。如：
Don’t read in the sun.别在太阳下看书。
With the teacher’s help,I made some progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了一些进步。
【考点抢测】
1.（2021，安徽）—Your village is really beautiful!
—Thank you. _____ all the villages here have takes on a new look.
A. For example B. In fact C. First of all D. As a result
B
2.Eight members of a Chinese team arrived _____ the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.
A. in B. at C. to D. with
B
3.As students， we’re supposed to go to the museum often. We can get more knowledge from the things _____.
A. on show B. on sale C. on land D. on duty
A
4.The instructions tell us everything _____ about how to make the model ship.
A. for free B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
5.New Year is coming,we should make resolutions _____ the beginning of the year.
A. to B. on C. at D. by
C
6.Xiao Wei is a good friend indeed.He is always there whenever I am _____.
A. in trouble B. in style C. in order D. in person
A
7.Everyone wants to win.But _____ me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A. as for B. thanks to C. along with D. except for
A
C
8.—Good news! You’ve passed the PE test.
—Hooray! _____, I was worrying about it.
A. All in all B. To be honest C. In my opinion D. To my surprise
B
9.I will go around the city of Dalian by light-rail vehicle （轻轨） _____ subway because I haven’t taken it before.
A. instead of B. in the face of C. along with D. across from
A
10.Facial recognition （人脸识别） technology is widely used for payment._____,we needn’t enter the passwords any more.
A. For example B. As a result C. What’s worse D. What’s more
B
11.Change the information you read into a mind map._____, you can remember it well and think of it later easily.
A. In this way B. At the same time
C. On the other hand D. By the way
12.这件连衣裙是在中国银行对面的服装店买的。
This dress was bought in the clothing shop _____________ the Bank of China.
across from
A
13.蓝鲸现在正处于危险之中，因此我们应该努力保护它们。
Blue whales are ___________ now, so we should try to protect them.
in danger
14.在那个年代，书籍是靠手工制作的。
In those days, books were produced __________.
by hand
15.许多年轻人喜欢在周末围着公园跑步。
Many young people prefer to run _________________ at weekends.
around the park
一、单项选择。
1.（2021，武汉）—I could tell _____ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
—Exactly!
A. on B. with C. by D. at
C
2.（2021，十堰）—Where’s the People’s Park
—Go along Gongyuan Road, turn right at the second crossing and it’s _____ your left.
A. on B. to C. at D. in
A
3.（2021，北京）Space Day of China falls _____ April 24th every year.
A. on B. by C. at D. in
A
B
4.（2021，安徽）Our country has made great progress in the fight _____ blue skies and clear waters.
A. in B. for C. against D. between
5.—Which is your uncle
—The big man, smartly dressed _____ a suit and tie.
A. on B. with C. for D. in
D
6.—Xining is getting more and more beautiful.
—Oh, yes. I think more changes are _____.
A. on the radio B. in the end C. on the way D. in the corner
C
7.To complete her online learning, Suzy needs a computer or a mobile phone to receive messages _____ her teachers.
A. with B. during C. from D. through
C
8.—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _____ your eyes.
A. with B. in C. on D. for
D
9.—Mom, look at all the clothes I bought online.
—Again You shouldn’t spend so much money _____clothes.
A. in B. for C. on D. with
C
A
10.He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _____ the road.
A. off B. on C. along D. behind
A
11.Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _____ the windows.
A. against B. across C. above D. below
C
12.—Shall I help you walk _____ the street, Grandpa
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
13.—How strange! You sit in your room _____for a long time, Li Ming.
—I just want to be quiet for a while. I’m sorry,Dad. I failed the test again.
A. in silence B. in person C. in public D. in fact
A
14.President Xi Jinping said that people in the world should build a community _____ a shared future.
A. to B. at C. with D. from
C
15.Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran off _____ all directions.
A. on B. at C. in D. by
C
16.—It’s said that the best way to relax is ____ exercise.
—I see. But you should keep away __ dangerous sports.
A.with; from
B.for; off
C.through; from
D.through; by
17.Students should not go to school _____ breakfast in the morning. It’s bad for their health.
A. with B. for C. at D. without
D
C
18.—Peter, can you tell me the differences _____ the four words
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. among B. between C. against D. without
19.These pictures taken in Africa will be _____ in November. I think lots of people will come to visit them.
A. on show B. on holiday C. on duty D. on business
A
20.In China, people regard drinking tea _____ a culture more than a habit.
A. by B. as C. of D. with
B
21.As students, we must work hard. _____, we should also pay much attention to our health.
A. As a result B. On the one hand C. At the same time D. In the end
C
A
二、词组翻译。
1.Lucy used to be shy and nervous to give a speech ___________, but now she can do it bravely. （当众；公开地）
in public
2.________________, my brother passed the exam successfully and he got the first place in his class. （令我惊讶的是）
To my surprise
3.The window wasn’t broken by someone ____________. The wind blew strongly last night. （故意）
on purpose
4.I got this famous picture drawn by Xu Beihong _____________ in an old curiosity shop（古玩店）. （偶然）
by accident
5.There were many goods _________ in the shopping mall last weekend and I bought a T-shirt for my father. （廉价出售）
on sale
in a hurry
6.She went to work ____________ and left her customers’ file on the desk. So I had to bring it to her at once. （匆忙）
7.I usually play basketball on Saturday afternoon, and I just go to the movies _________________ on that day. （偶尔）
once in a while
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php