专题十一 句子的种类【2022中考英语二轮复习 语法专题】（共50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
人教版2022中考英语二轮复习
语法专题
专题十一 句子的种类
命题趋势
知识清单
考点抢测
满分点播
跟踪训练
近几年中考对句子种类的考查主要体现在主谓一致、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句上，预计2022年中考对句子种类的考查仍以主谓一致、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句及感叹句为主。
考点一 陈述句和疑问句
1.简单句的结构类型
构成 类型 例句
由一个主语（含并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成 S+Vi An accident happened yesterday.
S+V+P Your idea sounds good.
S+Vt+O We want to see him.
S+Vt+IO+DO My father made me a kite.
S+Vt+O+OC He made us stand here.
2.简单句按照用途可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
3.陈述句和疑问句的用法
分类 用途 例句
陈述句 肯定 肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”。 They usually go to school by bike.
否定 否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”。 I can’t speak Chinese.
疑问句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实。 Is this your schoolbag Have you been to Shanghai
特殊疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问。 What does your father do Where is Mike from
分类 用途 例句
疑问句 选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择。 Is your friend a boy or a girl
反意疑问句 由“陈述句+简短问句”组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实。 There is a book on the desk,isn’t there Yes,there is./No,there isn’t.
续表
特例清单
1.否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don’t you hear of that 你没有听说过吗？
—Yes,I do.不，我听说过。
—No,I don’t.是的，我没有听说过。
①当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly,few,little,no,nobody,no one,nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-,un-,in-,dis-等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定式。
②如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用will you。
③当陈述部分是let’s do sth.时，疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let us do sth. 时，疑问部分仍然用will you来反问。
④当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody,somebody,no one等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they,也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing,something时，疑问部分须用代词it。
⑤若陈述部分为there be句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。
2.特殊的反意疑问句
【考点抢测】
1.—What a fine day!Let’s go for a picnic， _____？
—Sounds like a good idea.
A. shall we B. don’t we C. can we D. do we
A
2.Tom hardly eats breakfast， _____？
A. isn’t he B. is he C. doesn’t he D. does he
D
3.—It’s Father’s Day， _____？
—Yes. Let’s buy a gift for dad.He works very hard for us.
A. isn’t it B. doesn’t it C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
A
4._____ do people greet visitors？ Some shake hands. Some say “hello” or “hi”.Some kiss.
A. Why B. What C. How D. Why
5.—I can’t find my pen._____ you __ it anywhere, Mum
—No.Look! What’s that under your book
A.Have; seen
B.Were; seeing
C.Does; see
D.Had; seen
A
C
6.—_____ I go and meet you at the airport
—No, thanks, dear.I can take a taxi home.
A. Will B. Do C. Shall D. Should
7.—Mike， _____ do you have a health examination？
—Once a year.
A. how long B. how many C. how much D. how often
D
8.—_____ dictionary is this It’s very nice.
—I think it’s Mary’s.
A. Who B. Whose C. Whom D. What
B
C
9.—_____ is it from Lanzhou to Lasa
—It’s about 2,160 kilometers.
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How many
B
考点二 祈使句与感叹句
构成 类型 例句
感叹句 表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导。 What beautiful flowers!How clever the girl is!
祈使句 表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等。 Come in,please.Let’s go to school.
②What+adj. +可复(+主语 +动词)！
③What+adj. +不可数(+主语 +动词)！
④How+adj.+主语+be/系动词
⑤How+adv.+主语+实义动词
温馨提示
1.感叹句的类型
①What+a/an/the+adj. +可单（+主语 +动词）！
【注意】
①在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如：
What a hot day it is!
=How hot the day is! 多么热的天气呀！
②感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
③有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如：
Good idea!好主意！
wonderful!太精彩了！
2.祈使句的类型
用于表示命令、建议、请求、劝告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语you，直接用动词原形开头。有以下几种类型：
①do型：动词原形+（宾语）+其他.
Empty the basket.—Don’t empty the basket.
②Be型：Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其他.
Be quiet.—Don’t be quiet.
③Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Let the cat come in.—Don’t let the cat come in./Let the car not come in.
④有些可用No开头，用来表示禁止的祈使句.
No smoking! 禁止吸烟！
No photos! 禁止拍照！
No entry！ 禁止通行！
【考点抢测】
1.—_____ rapid progress our country is making in science and technology!
—So it is. We are enjoying the convenience of modern technology.
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
B
2.—_____ wonderful the music is!
—Yes. It makes me relaxed after a busy day.
A. How B. What a C. How a D. What
A
3.—_____ terrible mess you have made!
—Sorry， Mum. I will clear it up right now.
A. What a B. What C. How D. What an
A
4.—Wear your mask before going out.
—_____.
A. OK B. OK， I won’t C. Good luck D. With pleasure
A
5._____ the rubbish here and there, OK
A. Not throw B. Don’t throw C. Be not throwing D. Not to throw
B
6.—Never touch my things again!
—_____.
A. You are kidding B. You’re so serious
C. I won’t do that D. I’m afraid not
C
7.—Let’s go to the central park and take the Ferris Wheel （摩天轮） to enjoy the view of the city.
—_____ interesting idea!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
C
8.—Steven, did you see the lantern show when you were here last month
—Of course! _____ beautiful lanterns!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
B
考点三 主谓一致
1.语法一致原则
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、v-ing形式（短语）、从句”等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The girl is fond of singing.Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
使用情况 例句
表示复数的名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The students are having their math class.
both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
续表
使用情况 例句
有些只有复数形式的名词（如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Jack’s glasses are broken.Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
续表
使用情况 例句
不定代词another,each one,either,neither,the other,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anything,anyone,no one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is everyone here Something is wrong with my computer.I called you last night,but nobody was in.
续表
使用情况 例句
主语后面跟with,except,besides,as well as,together with,including,no less than等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。 A teacher,together with some students,is standing at the gate.
续表
使用情况 例句
“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of,plenty of,most of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式与名词保持一致。 Two thirds of the work has been finished.Most of the books are written in English.
续表
2.意义一致原则
使用情况 例句
某些集体名词（如family,class,team,group等）指整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体中的成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.
某些名词（如people,police等）形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，因此谓语动词常用复数形式。 The police are searching for the murder.
以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics等，以及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Physics is my favorite subject.No news is good news.
使用情况 例句
“the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half （of）,plenty （of）,the rest （of）,（a）part （of）等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。 Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的复数名词、短语作主语时，常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough.
续表
3.就近一致原则
使用情况 例句
由not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词常与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.
在there be句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，动词be的数一般依据就近一致原则，与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。 There are two plates and a fork.There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
【考点抢测】
1.Both Mike and his sister Lucy _____ good at Chinese.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
C
2.____ that pair of __ a little cheaper
A.Is; glass
B.Are; glass
C.Is; glasses
D.Are; glasses
C
3.The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them _____ about science.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
C
A
4.Mary with her mother _____ shopping in the supermarket now.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
A
5.—How much _____ the pair of shoes
—Twenty dollars __ enough.
A.is; is
B.is; are
C.are; is
D.are; are
A
6.Mr. Wang as well as his wife _____ planning to go to Harbin for a holiday.
A. is B. are C. will be D. were
7.Not only Jack but also I _____ crazy about the football match.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
C
8.Either the students or the teacher _____ him very well.
A. know B. to know C. knows D. knew
A
9.Each of us _____ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.
A. has B. have C. will have D. had
A
10.Here _____ a pen and a map on the desk.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
are
11.I like teachers who ______（be） always friendly, helpful and fair to each student.
A
12.The actor and director ____ （be） coming to give us a speech next weekend.
has
13.Twenty years ______ （have） passed since he left his hometown.
is
考点四 特殊句型
1.There be 句型
分类 结构 例句
肯定句 There be+主语+其他. There are two birds in the tree.
否定句 There be+not+主语+其他. There is no milk in the fridge.
一般疑问句及回答 Be there+主语+其他？Yes,there+be./No,there+be+not. —Are there some pens in your bag
—Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.
特殊疑问句 ①How many/much对数量提问 ②What对主语提问（常省略there） How many people are there in your family
How much milk is there in the cup What’s in the desk
温馨提示
①当there be句型中有两个或多个并列主语时，be动词的形式应与靠它最近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。
②there be句型中的be也可用lie,stand,exist等词代替。
③there be句型有时态变化，体现在be有形式变化上。
④句型“There be+主语+doing sth.+其他.”表示“有某人/某物正在做某事。”
there be结构译为“有”，be后跟着名词走。
单数主语用is,复数用are记清楚。
并列主语特殊记，“就近原则”莫忘记。
否定be后not添，疑问将be放在前。
肯定句中用some,疑问否定换any。
2.倒装句型
结构 例句
so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.（意为“主语也是如此”，描述的情况属肯定） —Tom has ever been to China.
—So has Mike.
neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.（意为“主语也是如此”，描述的情况属否定） —Li Ping wasn’t late for school this morning.
—Neither was Tom.
so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词.（意为“主语的确如此”，表赞同对方所说的情况） —He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.
—So he did.
结构 例句
Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语.Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词. Here comes the bus.Here it is.
Only+状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语. Only in this way can you learn English well.
否定副词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语. Never have I seen such a film.
续表
【考点抢测】
1.—What’s in the picture on the wall
—There _____ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
C
2.There _____ a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is D. is going to be
D
3.—Last summer holiday, I didn’t go anywhere. How boring!
—_____. But I’m going somewhere for a holiday this summer.
A. Neither I did B. Neither did I C. So did I D. So I did
B
4.Only yesterday _____ find out that his purse was lost.
A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did
C
B
5.When the teacher went into the classroom, she found there _____ many flowers and a card in front of her.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
D
6.—I remember there _____ a lot of fish in the lake.Now it has been polluted.
—What a pity! I think we should play a role in protecting the environment.
A. are used to have B. are used to be C. used to have D. used to be
7.On the left of the playground ____ the library. There __ many books and computers in it.
A.are; is
B.is; are
C.are; are
D.is; is
8.—The talent show Youth With You （青春有你） is becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class _____ interested in it recently.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
B
B
1.（2021,毕节）—Mike, _____ play football in the street next time.It’s dangerous.
—OK, I won’t do that again, mom.
A. mustn’t B. must C. don’t D. do
C
2.（2021,梧州）—_____ your hands before dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A. Wash B. Washes C. Washing D. To wash
A
3.（2021,襄阳）—_____ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
—Good idea! Let’s go.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
4.（2021,营口）—I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so _____ I.
A. will B. do C. am D. have
A
5.（2021,北京）—_____ shall we meet for the picnic？
—At the school gate.
A. How B. When C. Why D. Where
D
D
6.（2021,扬州）—_____ do you play basketball with your friends？
—Only once a week.
A. How long B. How much C. How soon D. How often
7.（2021,营口）One thousand kilometers _____ quite a long way to the ancient, but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.
A. was B. had C. were D. have
A
8.Jack， you are going to the mountain village to help the children， _____？
A. don’t you B. do you C. aren’t you D. are you
C
9.Let’s meet at the school gate， _____？
A. shall we B. shall you C. will we D. will you
A
D
10.—_____ is it from Haikou to Sanya？
—It’s about three hours’ drive.
A. How soon B. How long C. How far
11._____ your smartphones， and read for at least 30 minutes，every day! You know，reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.
A. Put away B. To put away C. Putting away
A
C
12.When I want to go out to play with my friends， my mother always says， “_____ at home.Don’t waste your time.”
A. Stay B. Stays C. To stay D. Staying
A
13._____ exciting news! The Chinese team successfully arrived at the peak of Qomolangma.
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
A
14.—Chinese government has successfully stopped the virus from spreading in China.
—_____ proud we Chinese feel!
A. How a B. How C. What D. What a
B
15.—The little boy is only three years old， but he can memorize about 50 poems.
—_____ talented boy he is!
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
C
16.—_____ did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival this year, Tom
—By making rice dumplings with my Chinese friends.
A. Where B. When C. How D. Why
C
17.Either you or I _____ invited to the important meeting.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
C
18.Not only Sam but also his parents _____ coming to China soon.
A. is B. are C. were
B
B
19.Spending time with families _____ the happiest thing.
A. are B. is C. be
20.—I’m getting hungry.Do you know where we can get some good food
—Of course!There _____ a restaurant around the corner.
A. will be B. was C. is
C
21.—What does he say
—He says there _____ a meeting tomorrow morning.
A. is B. has C. will be D. have
C
22.There _____ a number of books in the library and the number of them __ increasing.
A.has; is
B.have; are
C.is; are
D.are; is
23.—Excuse me.Is there a bank near here
—_____.It’s just between my house and a post office.
A. Yes, it is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, there is D. No, it isn’t
C
D
24.—There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for today’s show, _____
—Exactly!
A. are there B. isn’t there C. aren’t there D. is there
D
25.—I don’t like horror films.They’re terrible.
—_____.
A. Either I do B. Neither I do C. Either do I D. Neither do I
D
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