专题一 名词【2022中考英语二轮复习 语法专题】（共31张PPT）

(共31张PPT)
人教版2022中考英语二轮复习
语法专题
专题一 名词
命题趋势
知识清单
考点抢测
满分点播
跟踪训练
近几年中考对名词的考查主要是词义辨析及名词所有格，名词变复数的规则也是各地中考的考点之一。随着“淡化语法，注重语言运用和交际”这一理念被广泛认同，预计2022年各地中考对名词辨析的考查将呈上升趋势。
考点一 可数名词和不可数名词
性质 例子
可数名词 分单、复数两种形式 desk→desks bus→buses
可用基数词、不定冠词修饰 three boys；an orange
可数名词的复数可用many,some,any等修饰 many teachers；some friends
不可数名词 没有复数形式 tea；meat
不能用基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量，可用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词” a piece of paper；two cups of tea
可用much,some,any等修饰 much bread； some milk
续表
特例清单
有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：
work（工作）—a work（著作）
glass（玻璃）—a glass（玻璃杯）
paper（纸）—a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）
wood（木头）—a wood（小树林）
room（空间）—a room（房间）
chicken（鸡肉）—a chicken（小鸡）
light（光；光线）—a light（电灯）
orange（橙汁）—an orange（橙子）
fish（鱼肉）—fishes（各种各样的鱼）
time（时间）—times（倍；次数）
【考点抢测】
1.Lucy’s father works in No.1 Hospital. He is a ____.
A. teacher B. doctor C. postman D. policeman
B
2.I don’t care how many words there are in your article, but the ____ of it really matters.
A. ability B. size C. quality D. energy
C
3.As you listen, you can write down the key information such as names and numbers. The ____ will help you understand and remember what you hear.
A. notes B. photos C. letters D. books
A
4.—I like ____ best.
—So do I. I take singing classes every weekend.
A. music B. physics C. math D. chemistry
5.—Mum, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up
—No, you needn’t. You can make your own ____.
A. difference B. discussion C. discovery D. decision
D
6.The ____ of the meeting is to help teachers and parents achieve better communication.
A. position B. progress C. period D. purpose
D
7.Maria is always full of ____ because she takes exercise every day.
A. energy B. talent C. humour D. wealth
A
A
A
8.As the “mother river of China”, the Yellow River is the ____ of the spirit of the Chinese people.
A. symbol B. background C. dream D. standard
C
9.If the temperature is below 0℃, water will turn into ____ in the open air.
A. steam B. fog C. ice D. rain
10.A 12-year-old boy from Hunan invented a new kind of window because of his ____. The window can prevent children from falling out.
A. communication B. celebration C. honesty D. creativity
D
考点二 可数名词的复数形式
1.可数名词复数形式的规则变化
情况 构成方法 例子
一般情况下 加-s desk→desks,game→games
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词 加-es class→classes,fox→foxes,match→matches（特例:stomach→stomachs）
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词 变y为i，再加-es comedy→comedies,party→parties
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词 加-s boy→boys,key→keys
续表
情况 构成方法 例子
以f或fe结尾的名词 将f或fe变为-ves leaf→leaves,life→lives（特例：roof→roofs）
以o结尾的部分名词 加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes
2.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
①变内部元音字母。如：
man→men,tooth→teeth
②单复数同形。如：
Chinese→Chinese,sheep→sheep
③在词尾加-（r）en。如：
child→children,ox→oxen
④名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man和woman，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词同时变复数;如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变为复数形式。如：
man teacher→men teachers,
boy student→boy students
【考点抢测】
1.Look!There are some __________ （child）running around the flowerbed happily.
children
2.In some places in Japan,___________（fisherman）still hunt dolphins.
fishermen
3.Uncle Wang bought two __________（watch） yesterday.
watches
4.There are a lot of ________（sheep） on the grass.
sheep
5.Jack went to have two _______（tooth） pulled out yesterday afternoon.
teeth
6.The rich man gave away a lot of useful ____ to the children in the poor area.
A. book B. glass C. books D. glasses
C
7.—Look!They are ____.
—Yes.We are proud of them.
A. man scientist B. women scientists C. woman scientists D. man scientists
B
考点三 名词所有格
1.名词所有格主要用来表示人或物的所有或所属关系。其构成方法如下表：
单词形式 构成方法 例子
普通单数名词 在词尾加-’s my father’s friend我父亲的朋友
词尾已有-s的复数名词 在词尾加-’ students’ rooms学生们的房间
词尾不带-s的复数名词 在词尾加-’s Children’s Day儿童节
续表
单词形式 构成方法 例子
表示几个词共同的所有关系 在最后一个词的词尾加-’s Jane and Mary’s room简和玛丽的房间
表示几个词各自的所有关系 在每个词的词尾加-’s Jane’s and Mary’s rooms简和玛丽各自的房间
表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等 在词尾加-’s，省略其后的名词 at my uncle’s在我叔叔家
2.名词所有格有时可以表示地点。如：
at the doctor’s在诊所
to Grandpa Liu’s去刘爷爷家
3.“of+名词所有格”这种形式被称为名词的双重所有格，常用来表示整体中的一部分。如：
a friend of my uncle’s我叔叔的一位朋友
【考点抢测】
1.Lily is a friend of ____.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother’s of
C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
A
2.—A boy is flying a kite over there. Who is he
—Oh, he is ____ brother.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
B
3.I feel a bit tired for I saw two ____ film last night.
A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’
D
4.On April 24,Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the ____ 110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.
A. man B. men C. men’s D. mens’
5.—Whose jackets are these
—They are ____.They said they lost them yesterday.
A. ours B. Li Lei and Li Tao’s
C. Li Lei’s and Li Tao’s D. Li Lei’s and Li Tao
C
C
1.（2021,襄阳）—How do you improve your English ____
—I often talk with the persons whose mother language is English.
A. population B. transportation C. pronunciation D. suggestion
C
2.（2021,南京）Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ____ has been increased greatly.
A. population B. contribution C. production D. introduction
C
3.（2021,江西）Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ____ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
B
4.（2021,达州）If you want to be a doctor like Zhong Nanshan, hard work is the key to ____.
A. treasure B. beauty C. success D. health
C
5.I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some ____
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
D
6.In a restaurant, people usually choose food and drink from the ____.
A. book B. menu C. newspaper D. magazine
B
7.—How’s Mr. Clark’s small company
—Quite good. It has grown to become a ____ in the international trade.
A. rule B. duty C. power D. sign
C
8.—Why do Chinese people like red
—Because the color red is the ____ of good luck in China.
A. reason B. hope C. dream D. symbol
D
9.—Do you know Liu Hui finally entered a top school
—Certainly. That’s the ____ of his hard work.
A. habit B. suggestion C. result D. decision
C
10.Look at the big and clean room. It’s ____.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
B
11.If you are going to be a computer programmer, you’d better start with the ABC of computers.____
A. English grammar B. English letters
C. the difficulties D. the basic knowledge
D
12.Don’t worry about your English. Work hard and you’ll improve it ____.
A. hand by hand B. arm in arm C. one by one D. step by step
D
13.After playing football for more than half an hour,the students took ____ rest.
A. a few minute’s B. a little minute’s C. a few minutes’ D. a little minutes’
C
14.Chinese people hold dragon boat races and eat ____ to remember Qu Yuan on the 5th of Lunar May.
A. mooncakes B. sweet dumplings C. rice dumplings D. fried rice
C
15.—What else do we need to make cold beef
—____.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt D. Two spoon of salt
C
D
16.You don’t have to tell me your answer now. Give it some ____ and then let me know.
A. support B. help C. protection D. thought
17.—Alice, which season do you like best
—Autumn. The fallen ____ are like a thick blanket on the ground. What beautiful scenery it is!
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves
C
18.—Kids often feel better in a happy family.
—That’s true. A happy family provides a loving ____ for its children.
A. expression B. environment C. encouragement D. development
B
19.Young man, don’t sit there for daydreaming. No one can achieve anything without ____.
A. effort B. standard C. experience D. pride
A
20.—Finding information is not a big deal today.
—Well, the ____ is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.
A. courage B. damage C. challenge D. knowledge
C
21.—It’s helpful for the deaf and dumb（哑的） people to learn body language.
—Yes, it’s a major way of ____ for them.
A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D. communication
D
22.—It’s his new book, and I think it is more interesting than his other books.
—I agree with you. His latest book is up to his highest ____.
A. choice B. standard C. purpose D. wealth
B
23.—I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Lucy.
—Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand ____ on prices.
A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education
C
24.—I’m going to the supermarket. Let me get you some fruit.
—OK. Thanks for your ____.
A. offer B. message C. order D. memory
A
25.—I don’t know how to use the new washing machine.
—Follow the ____. You can do it easily.
A. advertisement B. direction C. situation D. instruction
D
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