高考英语专项复习之——利用语篇概念突破七选五课件（36张ppt）

(共36张PPT)
本课教学目标
1. 了解阅读七选五的题型特点及近五年浙江真题的命题特征
2. 结合作业分析和浙江省高考真题链接，认识并巩固阅读七选五的解题技巧
3. 运用解题技巧，自主订正错题
立足语篇
攻克七选五难关
什么是语篇？
语篇是实际使用的语言单位，是交流过程中一系列连续语段或句子所构成的语言整体。语篇由一个以上的语段或句子组成，各成分之间在形式上是衔接的，在语义上是连贯的。语篇的形式包括书面语的文章和口语的对白。
为了准确、深刻地理解文章，必须要把握住全篇的基本结构，理清上下文的衔接关系，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
七选五的考查重点
题型解读
试题模式：一篇缺少5个句子的文章和七个选项，要
求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正
确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以
及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
选项特点：主旨概括句（涉及文章整体内容）
过渡性句子（反映文章结构）
注释性句子（反映上下文逻辑关系）
考查的维度
1. 篇章结构：篇章主题句，段落主题句，段落衔接句
2. 段间及句际逻辑与衔接：并列递进、转折对比、解释例证、因果、时间顺序等
3. 词汇线索：指代、复现等
2016-2020浙江新高考
阅读七选五命题分析
年份 语篇类型 主题语境 设空特点 段首 段中 段尾
2020.1 说明文 人与自然：洁净的饮用水来之不易 2 3 0
2019.6 说明文 人与社会：摇滚乐的发展及the Beatles的成功 1 3 1
2018.11 说明文 人与社会：社会服务与人际沟通 1 3 1
2018.6 说明文 人与社会：如何融入新社区 2 2 1
2017.11 说明文 人与自我：如何做到高效阅读 1 3 1
2017.6 说明文 人与社会：如何成功地做好街头采访 1 2 2
2016.10 说明文 人与自我：如何让青春过得精彩、成功 1 2 2
篇章结构
Tip1 熟悉语篇的常见文本结构，利用篇章框架解题
说明文的常见结构
总分
总分总
双层总分
递进式
并列式
Color is fundamental in home design——something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you're looking for
C. If you're experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
篇章结构
How to Remember What You Read
Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you've read! ___31___you may have just read the text. But the ideas, concepts and images（形象）may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.
● ___32___
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read. It's a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don't understand what you're reading, how would you remember it But there are a few things you can do... Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.
● Are you connected
Does a character remind you of a friend Does the setting make you want to visit the place Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more With some books, you may feel a connection right away. ___33___ How willing are you to make the connections happen
● Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He'd make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character. ___34___
● How often do you read
If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you’re reading and what you've read. ___35___As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You’ll learn to enjoy literature- as you remember what you read!
——2017年11月真题
A. Are you confused
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. What's your motivation
D. Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.
E. Marking helps you remember what you read.
F. But other books require a bit more work on your part.
G. You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!
√
√
√
A
篇章结构+词汇线索
设空位置不同，解题策略也不同
1) 段首题
①小标题。参照其他标题的语言形式，选择同一语言形式的选项。
②文章/段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的关键词，推断出主题句。
设空位置不同，解题策略也不同
2) 段尾题
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语。
也有可能是前文的同义词句，或是结合上下段的承上启下句。
Cheer yourself up each day. You could wake up each morning with a bad attitude and each Corning will turn into a bad day. Or you could listen to some energetic tunes, eat a breakfast to your taste and make your school day pleasant. __32_____
A. Purchase things to make you feel happy.
B. Personalize your school belongings.
C. It might seem fun hiding an iPhone in your sweatshirt at school.
D. For instance, you could join the music lovers or chess players.
E. If you decide that your day will be fun, it likely will be.
F. Join a club that you have little interest in to meet someone you might not meet normally.
G. Whether you find school difficult, boring, or stressful, you can try to make it easier.
浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三4月联考
概括总结
E
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ___31____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
——2018年6月真题
G
承上启下
设空位置不同，解题策略也不同
3) 段中题
①位于段落主题句后，起到说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前文等作用，可根据并列递进、转折对比、解释例证、因果、时间顺序等语义逻辑关系来解题
②位于段中其他位置，起语义衔接作用，可根据指代线索和复现对应来解题
句间逻辑与衔接
Tip2 借助过渡词和上下文语义，理清句子间的逻辑关系，做出正确选择
Logical relations
1
2
3
4
5
6
解释例证关系
in fact; in other words, or rather, for example, for instance, namely, that is (to say)...
并列递进关系
not only …but also…; for one thing, for another; furthermore ; moreover; what's more; besides; additionally; as well (as), apart from;…
时间顺序关系
first, second, next , then , later, after that, afterwards, eventually, ...
…
因果关系
for, because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, as a result (consequence), consequently, lead to, thanks to…
转折对比关系
but, however, yet, otherwise, by contrast, on the contrary, nevertheless…
3.Interpersonal skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying ” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face ” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel ”
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
F
例证关系
2014新课标I卷
4. Self Expression
40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas –music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
G
列举关系
2014新课标I卷
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 32 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 33 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
——2020年1月真题
D
因果关系
__33__ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. __34__ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion（入侵）by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. _35_____
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.
——2019年6月真题
E
解释关系
词汇线索
Tip3 为避免重复，代词常用来指代前文的人、物、名词或概念，巧妙利用，做出正确选择
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 32 That’s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. That’s around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 33 Therefore, they don’t have time to learn how to read or write and don’t get an education.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can’t go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
——2020年1月真题
E
代词指代
数字
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. __31__ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. __32__ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England…
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.
——2019年6月真题
时间状语
C
代词指代
词汇线索
Tip4 利用词汇复现及结构复现，寻找解题线索
英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(组)(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词(组)、近义词(组)或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现，包括原词复现、同义复现、近义复现、反义复现、同源复现及同畴复现。
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.
1.Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better What could we try next time
A. Encourage kids to cook with you.
B. And we can’t forget science education.
C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.
D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist
E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.
F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.
G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
方法1：
同源复现
方法2：
同义复现
同畴复现
D
A
2014新课标I卷
同畴词（words of the same range)
上义词/下义词
选出不同类的单词。
A. pen B. pencil C. book D. dog
A. white B. crayon C. blue D. yellow
stationery
furniture
sports
sharpener, pencil, backpack, eraser…
bed, dresser, bookshelf, cupboard…
swimming, running, diving, shooting…
write – wrote – written - writing
happen – happened – happening
drive – drove – driven - driving (不同时态)
confuse – confused – confusing - confusion
depend – dependent – dependence (不同词性)
mate – teammate – soul-mate – classmate
man – superman – policeman – chairman (相同词根)
同源词
How to Remember What You Read
Reading is important. But the next step is making sure that you remember what you've read! ___31___you may have just read the text. But the ideas, concepts and images（形象）may fly right out of your head. Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read.
● ___32___
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read. It's a bit like reading a foreign language. If you don't understand what you're reading, how would you remember it But there are a few things you can do... Use a dictionary; look up the difficult words.
● Are you connected
Does a character remind you of a friend Does the setting make you want to visit the place Does the book inspire you, and make you want to read more With some books, you may feel a connection right away. ___33___ How willing are you to make the connections happen
● Read it; hear it; be it!
Read the lines. Then, speak them out loud. And, put some character into the words. When he was writing his novels, Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters. He'd make faces in the mirror, and change his voice for each character. ___34___
● How often do you read
If you read frequently, you'll likely have an easier time with remembering what you’re reading and what you've read. ___35___As you make reading a regular part of your life, you'll make more connections, stay more focused and understand the text better. You’ll learn to enjoy literature- as you remember what you read!
——2017年11月真题
A. Are you confused
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. What's your motivation
D. Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.
E. Marking helps you remember what you read.
F. But other books require a bit more work on your part.
G. You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!
√
√
√
A
篇章结构+词汇线索
同源复现
How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. _31__ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
…
● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
● If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.
——2017年6月真题
转折关系
反义复现
D
方法1：近义复现
方法2：同畴复现
A
In all one’s lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. __31__ When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself, mistaking difficulties for your own incompetence.
_32____ Be aware of both one’s strengths and shortages. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. ___33___
To get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own value. If you earnestly admire yourself you’ll have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. ___34___
To get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when it’s needed. In time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep. …
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full control of one’s life. Then one will find one’s life full of color and flavor.
浙江省“9+1”高中联盟高三第一学期期中考试
A. That’s to say so long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself there won’t be difficulties you can’t overcome.
B. As soon as you gain full confidence in yourself, you’ll be enabled to fight and overcome any adversity.
C. If you gain full respect from others, you will feel more confident about yourself.
D. To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of.
E. But it is exactly oneself that one has the least understanding of.
F. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life.
G. To adapt a positive attitude towards life.
D
结构复现
解 题 方 法
篇章结构
句间逻辑与衔接
词汇线索
代词线索、冠词提示
复现
词汇复现：原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同源词、同畴词
结构复现
并列递进关系
转折对比关系
解释例证关系
因果关系
时间顺序关系
说明文：总分、总分总、并列、递进
Summary
我们要了解文章的框架结构，把握句际之间的逻辑关系，使用好词汇线索，还要重视语篇的明显标志，才能有效解题。
运用解题方法
自主订正错题
Thank you!