2022届高考专项复习之主谓一致课件（共87张PPT）

(共87张PPT)
主谓一致
AGREEMENT
Useful structures
语法详解：
所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。
The boy ___ diving.
They ____ diving.
Both Jack and Tim ___ diving.
All of them ____ diving.
Neither Jack nor Tim ___ walking.
is
are
are
is
are
Finish the following exercises:
Bob
Bob _____ a worker.
is
Mike
Mike and Bob _____ workers.
are
Both Mike and Bob ____
workers.
are
Neither Mike nor Bob ___a teacher.
is
Bill
Neither of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.
knows/know
All of them ______ workers.
None of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.
are
knows/know
主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：
(1) He and she _____both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
一、语法一致原则
are
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。
　 The singer and dancer____ going to give us a performance.
那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork ____on the table.
刀叉在桌子上。
is
is
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。
　When he is coming ______ very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps ____ his hobby.
收集邮票是他的爱好。
To love her _____ not to break her wings.
爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。
seems
is
is
3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Those who______ singing may join us.
Tom, who ___ your friend, should help you.
enjoy
is
4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：
　The teacher, together with his students, _____ planting trees in the street.
老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。
is
Mr. Black , as well as two women, ______
at the office.
is
Mr. Black
with,
together with,
along with
either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
二、就近原则
Neither you nor I ____ wrong.
There _____ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
am
is
　Not only the students but also the teacher ______ for a holiday.
wishes
三、概念一致原则
所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。
1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples ____rotten.
所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple ____rotten.
整个苹果都烂了。
are
is
None of the money_____ left.
没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students _____ there.
没有学生在那里。
is
is
None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。
Neither of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.
None of them ___________
(know) how to teach English.
knows/know
knows/know
2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students _____finished their
composition.
一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。
Half of the apple ____bad.
一半的苹果坏了。
About 60 percent of the students in our
school ____boys.
我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.
have
is
are
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
His family ____going out.
他们全家要外出。
His family ____all music lovers.
他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
is
are
4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。
The police ____ searching for a thief.
The cattle ____ eating grass on the hill.
are
are
5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
　Someone_____ asking for you.
有人找你。
　Nothing _____ found in the room.
在屋子里什么也没找到。
is
is
6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如:
The shoes _____ worn out.
鞋子破了。
The pair of shoes _____ worn out.
这双鞋破了。
are
is
名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。
某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。
物理是一门很有趣的学科。
Physics is a very interesting subject.
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Each man and each woman______ asked to attend.
is
班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
听不到任何声音。
Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.
No sound and no voice is heard.
9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books_____ on the desk.
The number of students in you class _____ 50.
are
is
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
　 Not every means ____ useful.
不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means ______ useful.
不是所有的方法都好使。　
is
are
11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy ____ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。
12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years ____ not a long time.
Roots is a famous American novel.
has
is
1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：
应该注意的几个问题:
This kind of men ____ dangerous.
Men of this kind _____dangerous.
2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:
Between the two windows ______ a picture.
is
are
hangs
3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:
Lots of damage____ caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface ____ covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here ___women.
和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：
was
is
are
A number of students ___ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.
The number of pages in this book ______ two hundred.
have
is
注意:
a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A large quantity of people ___ needed here.
is
quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:
Quantities of food (nuts) _____ on the table.
短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。
were
4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:
A large amount of (A great deal of) damage ____ done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money ___ spent on the bridge.
was
were
5. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
One and a half bananas ___ left on the table.
is
6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：
The blind ____ in special school.
The departed(死者)_____ a well-known engineer.
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.
study
was
主谓一致练习
1. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.
　 A. play B. are playing　
C. plays D. is playing
2. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.
　A. are B. is C. were D. be
√
√
3. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor.
　 A. wants to buy the book/his
B. want to buy the book/their
　 C. will buy the book/one's
D. wants to have the book bought/her
4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.
A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
√
√
5. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower".
　A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand
6. -- Shall I wait here for three hours
　 --Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor.
　 A. are not very long for you
B. is not long enough for you
　 C. was not long enough for you
D. will be too long for you
√
√
7. Every student and every teacher _____.
　 A. are going to attend the meeting
B. have attended the meeting
　 C. has attended the meeting
D. is attended the meeting
8. This pair of shoes _____.
　A. is her B. is hers　 C. are hers D. are her
√
√
9.What we need ______good textbooks.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
√
10._______ has been done.
A. ninety—nine percents of the work
B. Half of what he promised
C. Two-fifths of the articles
D. Three quarter of the business
√
Supplementary Exercises
Multiple choice:
1. On the wall______ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging
2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,”
the company commander said.
A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept
3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle.
A. are B. is C. were D. has
4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
6. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
7. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ tired of having one exam
after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
9. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
10. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
高考链接
1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.(上海2001）
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
B
精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案 B
2. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
C
精析: 分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1, 分母序数词后加-s. 分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered. 答案C.
3 ---- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.
---- So do I.（全国1998）
A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hope
A
精析：这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。
4. ____ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001）
A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
A
精析: 在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。 many一般不与 million等词连用. 表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A。
5.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons. (NMET'96)
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
C
6. The number of students in this school _________ by 5% every year. (MET'92)
A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises
"the number of+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"……的数目(数量)"，谓语动词用单数；"a number of+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"许多……"，谓语动词用复数。
C
7. A good deal of money _________ spent on books.(MET'84)
A. have B. has
C. have been D. has been
D
9. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift. (MET'90)
　A. is offered B. has offered
　C. are offered D. have offered
A
10. E-mail, as well as telephone, _________ an important part in daily communication. (上海'99)
　 A. is playing B. have played
　 C. are playing D. play
A
11. Nobody but Jane _________ the secret. (MET'86)
　A. know B. knows
C. have known D. is known
12. All but one _________ here just now. (MET'87)
　A. is B. was
　C. has been D. were
D
B
13. Either you or the headmaster _________ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海'94)
A. is handing out
　B. are to hand out
　C. are handing out
　D. is to hand out
D
14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _________ tired of having one examination after another.(MET'87)
　 A. is B. are C. am D. be　
B
15. She is one of the few girls who ______ in the kindergarten.(上海'94)
　 A. is well paid B. are well paid
　 C. is paying well D. are paying well
B
16. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春)
　 A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
D
17. _____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)
　 A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
　 C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
C
"分数或百分数+of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。
18.When and where to build the new factory _________ yet.(MET'91)
　 A. is not decided
B. are not decided
　 C. has not decided
D. have not decided
A
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。
19.There ______ no life on the moon. (MET'92)
　 A. is said to have B. are said to have
　 C. is said to be D. are said to be
C
20. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons，_________ to go to university.(上海'98)
　 A. hope B. hopes
　 C. hoping D. hoped
B
"either/neither/each+of+复数名词"作主语，谓语动词用单数。
21. A group of _____ are eating _____ and ______ at the foot of the hill. (NMET'95)
　 A. sheep; grass; leaves
　 B. sheeps; grasses; leaves
　 C. sheep; grass; leaf
　 D. sheeps; grass; leafs
A
22.Every possible means _________ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海2000春)
　 A. is used
B. are used
　 C. has been used
D. have been used
C
单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)
过关落实
1.A survey of the opinions of experts ______ that three hours of
outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.
A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are
解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，
金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。
答案：B
2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days
and weeks ________ so small that a day is unimportant.
A.is B.are C.has been D.have been
解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。
答案：A
3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only
one third ________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all
day long.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
解析：此处one third 指one third of 20 notebook
computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。
答案：D
4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths ________ also true
of the Johnsons.
A.are B.is C.being D.to be
解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语
动词用is。
答案：B
5.A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese
literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。
答案：A
6.The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the
frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three
children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。
答案：C
7.________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees
and grass.
A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are
C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are
解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语
为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。
答案：C
8.Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but
the sky is still not clear.
A.is used B.are used
C.has been used D.have been used
解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数
同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时
的被动语态。
答案：C
9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large ________ of desert
________ covered the land.
A.number；has B.quantity；has
C.number；have D.quantity；have
解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large
quantity of＋不可数名词，谓语用单数。
答案：B
10.He is the only one of the students who ________ the winner of
scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。
答案：D
11.The population of China ________ over 1.3 billion and eighty
percent of its population ________ peasants.
A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are
解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动
词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。
答案：A
12.Grey as well as his two companions ________ leave ________
Paris tomorrow.
A.are to；for B.is to；for
C.is to；to D.are to；to
解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for
sp.，动身去某地。
答案：B
13.Either your parents or your elder brother ________ to attend
the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A.are B.have C.is D.had
解析：either...or...遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder
brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。
答案：C
14.30% of the cattle ________ thin，but the rest ________ fat.
A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is
解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the
cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。
答案：A
15.The writer and actor ________ invited to give us a report on
plays in China.
A.were B.have been
C.was D.has
解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，
谓语动词应为单数。
答案：C