(共45张PPT)
表示感觉和知觉的系动词
一、概况。
1.定义：系动词本身有着一定的意义，但意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，要和后面的表语（由名词、形容词、介词短语或者是动名词充当）构成系表结构，表示主语的身份、性质、状态。
2. 句法功能：(1)系动词后接形容词作表语，不接副词。(2)系动词不能用于进行时态。(3)系动词无被动语态。
考点介绍：感官系动词的词义辨析；感官系动词的肯定和否定形式。
二、常用的感官系动词。
表示感觉和知觉的系动词也可称为感官系动词，主要有：look(看上去)；sound(听起来)；smell(闻起来)；taste(尝起来)；feel(摸上去)等。
三、感官系动词的用法
1. 感官系动词后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。除look外,其他动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。如：
This birthday cake smells delicious.
这个生日蛋糕闻起来很美味。
The boys looked happy when they won the football match. 当男孩们赢得足球赛时，他们看起来很开心。
2. 这些动词后也可接介词like，like后面常用名词。如:
Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。
This dress looks like an old one.
这件裙子看起来像是一件旧的。
3. 这五个感官动词也可做实义动词。如：
She smelt the meat and it smelt good. 她闻了闻那块肉，闻起来不错。(前一个smelt是做实义动词，后一个smelt作感官系动词。)
4. 这几个感官系动词(sound除外)可以直接作名词，与have或take构成短语。如：
May I have a taste of the mooncakes
我可以尝一口这月饼吗
Can I have a look at this famous picture
我能看一下这幅名画吗？
5. 有感官系动词的句子，其否定句和疑问句要借助于助动词do/does。如：
The dishes don’t smell very nice to me.
这些菜我闻着并不是很香。
Does it sound beautiful 它听起来美妙吗？
1.Work in pair. Describe the picture.
music; sound
flower; smell
The music sounds awful.
He thinks the music sounds awful.
His brother thinks the music sounds good.
The flower smells nice/ wonderful.
She thinks the flower smells lovely.
cake; taste
dress; look
The cake tastes delicious / sweet.
He thinks the cake tastes delicious / sweet.
The dress looks beautiful / lovely / nice.
She thinks the dress looks beautiful / lovely / nice.
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的定义
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
二、现在完成时的构成
1. 肯定句
现在完成时的肯定句式是“have (has)+过去分词”。
注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。
2. 否定句：
现在完成时的否定句式是“haven’t (hasn’t)+过去分词”。
3. 疑问句：
现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。回答用Yes, …have (has)./No, …haven’t (hasn’t).
三、 动词过去分词规则变化与不规则变化
(一) 规则变化
变化规则：与动词过去式规则相同。
1. 一般直接在词尾加上ed。look-looked
2.以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move-moved 3. 以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y 为i，再加ed。carry carried。
4. 部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop-stopped (二)不规则变化
不规则动词的变化因词而异。但是如果对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。
四、现在完成时的用法
现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。例如：
We are good friends. (现在的情况）我们是好朋友。
I knew him in 1997. (过去的动作) 我1997年认识了他。
We have known each other since 1997. 我们自从1997年相互认识。（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）
(1) 表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。例如：
— Have you had lunch yet 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？
— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，吃过了。我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。例如：
He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）
I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。例如：
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
五、现在完成时常用的时间状语
before, by now (so far), once, twice…, just, recently, yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never, all one’s life , in /during the past /last 5 years。例如：
We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。
They haven’t finished their homework yet.
他们还没有完成作业。
— Have you ever been to the Great Wall
你曾经去过长城吗？
— I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days.
近几天他去过那里三次了。
六、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2) 一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday; last week; …ago; in1990; in October; just now
现在完成时的时间状语: already; ever; for; just; never; since; yet; so far; till/until; up to now; in the past few years; recently…
3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如：live；teach；learn； work；study；know等；
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等。
She joined the League three years ago. 她三年前入团了。
(加入的动作不是延续的)
She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). 她入团三年了。(在团内的状态，可延续)
She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). 她入团三年了。(是团员的状态，可持续)
七、非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用，表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要用，必须将其改为相应的延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：
arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead
come back→be back leave→be away get up→be up
go out→be out finish →be over put on→wear 或be on
open→be open join→be in或 be a member of…
close→be closed go to school → be a student
borrow→keep buy→have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)
get to know →know begin to study→study
come to work→work fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)
例如：
He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世两年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。
八、have/has gone to；have/has been to；have/has been in的区别
1. have/has gone to：已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；
2. have/has been to：曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；
3. have/has been in：表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。 例如：
— Where is Tom Tom 在哪儿？
— He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.
他去书店买书了。
I have been in Beijing for 5 years. 我在北京待了5年了。
Jack has been to Shanghai twice. Jack 去过上海两次了。
visit / the US
Have you ever visited the US
1 be/on TV
2 meet/a film star
3 eat/a hamburger
4 hear/a bird sing
5 learn/to cook
6 ride/a horse
7 read/an English book
8 write/an email to an English friend
2 Make a questionnaire. Write questions with
Have you ever....
Questions Student 1 Student 2 …
1 Have you ever been on TV
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Have you ever met a film star
Have you ever eaten a hamburger
Have you ever heard a bird sing
Have you ever learnt to cook
Have you ever ridden a horse
Have you ever read an English book
Have you ever written an email to an
English friend
Now work in groups. Ask and answer the plete the questionnaire.
She has never lived (never live) in Australia.
1 He ________________ (never write) a book.
2 In 2003, he______ (leave) primary school.
3 We __________ (not meet) before. My name is Mei Ling.
4 _____________ (you/see) the latest film
5 When _________ (you/go) to school this morning
6 While you were playing tennis, Tony ______ (call)．
7 They ________ (arrive) while we were having dinner.
8 She was still doing her homework when I ______ (go)
to bed.
has never written
left
haven’t met
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words in brackets.
Have you seen
did you go
called
arrived
went
Yesterday, I went to the cinema to meet my friends John, Tim and Linda. John was there when I arrived. “I’ve (1) ____ got a message from Linda,” he said. “She’s nearly here.” A few minutes later, Linda arrived. “Hello,” she said. “Has anyone seen Tim (2) ____ ” “No,” said John. “It’s (3) ______ seven o’clock. We’ll miss the start of the film!” Then Tim hurried in. “Hi！Sorry I’m late. Have we got the tickets (4) ___ ” “Yes, ” said John. “I’ve got them (5) ______. Let’s go!”
just
yet
already
yet
already
4 Complete the report with already, just and yet.
5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in the box. You need to use some of the words more than once.
be drink eat get go look
Doctor: What’s the matter with you You (1) _____ ill.
How long have you (2) _____ like this
Jack: Ever since this morning. I (3) _______ a stomach ache.
Doctor: What did you (4) ___ yesterday
Jack: Nothing strange. I (5) ____ to my friend’s
birthday party. I just (6) ______ some cola and
(7) ___ a little cheese.
Doctor: Do you often (8) ______ cola
Jack: Yes, I do. But I don’t often (9) _____ cheese.
Doctor: That’s it. You can’t have cheese. Never (10) ____
cheese again.
look
been
have got
eat
went
drank
ate
drink
eat
eat
6 Complete the word map with the words in the boxes.
There may be more than one possibility.
ear eye hand mouth nose
feel look smell sound taste
cold cute delicious fresh lovely noisy
sour strong sweet terrible ugly warm
BODY
eye
feel
mouth
sound
nose
look
strong
lovely
terrible
cute/fresh
sweet/ugly
taste
terrible
/sour
lovely
delicious
fresh
sweet
ear
noisy/
terrible
lovely
smell
strong
sour
terrible
fresh
hand
strong
warm
cold
Betty and Lingling are working very hard. They look busy.
1 The shoes ________ too small for my feet.
2 Daming does not like the pizza on the table. It does not __________ fresh.
3 The music _______ wonderful!
4 You need to wear a coat. It _____ cold outside.
5 Shrek is friendly but he ______ ugly.
6 Lingling is making chocolate cookies. They __________ delicious.
feel/look
smell/look
sounds
feels
looks
smell/taste
7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
words in the second box in Activity 6. There may be
more than one possibility.
8 Complete the passage with the correct form of
the words in the box.
create discover expect fight laugh
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (1) ________ the cartoon series Tom and Jerry in the 1940s. The stories are about a cat called Tom and a mouse called Jerry. They (2) _____ all the time and seem to hate each other. Tom tries to lead Jerry to dangerous places or catch him. But Jerry is too clever and he always manages to run away. I (3) __________ this funny show when I was four years old，and I still (4) ______ when I watch Tom and Jerry today. Why don't you try it I (5) ______ you will enjoy it too!
created
fight
discovered
laugh
expect
9 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the expressions in the box.
arrive at at the moment catch a cold proud of take part in
James: Hi, Helen. How are you feeling You were off
school yesterday, weren’t you
Helen: Yes, I was. I (1) ____________ and had a headache.
I felt quite ill when I (2) ___________ school and
the teacher sent me home. But I’m fine now.
James: Oh good. So are you still going to (3) __________
the cartoon competition
caught a cold
arrived at
take part in
Helen: Yes, I’d like to. But (4) ______________ I don’t
think I can do it.
James: Hey, don’t say that! You’re great at drawing
cartoons. I’ll be unhappy if you don’t try!
Helen: No, you won’t!
James: Yes, I will. You’re the best in the class. We’ll all
be very (5) ________ you if you try.
Helen: Well...OK.
at the moment
proud of
10 Listen and check(√)the correct answer.
Questions Daming Betty
1 Who has a pet
2 Who walks his/her dog
3 Whose dog has entered a competition
4 Who can go to Qingdao
√
√
√
√
√
√
Betty: Have you got a pet
Daming: Yes, I’ve got a very clever dog.
Betty: Wow. How long have you had a dog You never talk about it.
Daming: About two years. He was a gift from my aunt for my birthday.
Betty: Do you take your dog for a walk
Daming: Yes, every evening after dinner. You know, my dog is very smart. He won first prize in a competition this year.
Betty: Great! What was the competition
Daming: “Dog of the Year”. He won a special race. He jumped over lots of things and then swam across a small river.
Betty: What was the prize
Daming: A trip to Qingdao…with my dog.
Betty: Fantastic!
Daming: Do you have any pets, Betty
Betty: Yes, I have a dog too. We can take our dogs for a walk together.
Daming: What a great idea!
11 Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Who gave Daming the dog
2 When did Daming enter his dog for a competition
3 What was the competition
4 What was the prize
Look up at the sky，
Bright white stars shining so high.
I see them twinkle one by one,
Turning, turning around.
When the dark night falls,
I stand and watch the soft white moon.
Gravity keeps me standing on the ground,
While the earth is spinning around.
12 Listen to the poem and read.
Look up at the sky
13 Read the passage and complete the poster.
Do you want to know more about the stars and planets Would you like to make a model space station Or would you like to visit the science museum to discover more about space You would Then join our school's new Space Club.
At our first meeting we are going to learn about the moon and the planets. We have learnt something about them in our science lessons, but at the Space Club we are going to find out a lot more.
We know that scientists have recently made new discoveries about several of the planets. Mr Lu, our science teacher, has invited a famous scientist to come and talk to us about the latest space news.
Our first meeting will be in the Science Lab on the first floor of the Science Building. The meeting is on Thursday at 5：00 pm. First, Mr Lu will tell us about the different things that we are going to do at the club, and then at 5：30 pm the talk will begin. There will be time for you to ask questions, so please think about what you would like to ask before you come.
What to do
To know more about (1) __________________.
To make (2) __________________．
To visit (3) _________________．
To discover (4) _______________．
When and where will be the first meeting
The first meeting will be on (5) ________
at (6) ________ in (7) ________________.
Who will come
(8) ________________ will come and talk to us
about the latest space news.
the stars and planets
a model space station
the science museum
more about space
Thursday
5:00 pm
the Science Lab
A famous scientist
Join the Space Club!
14 Work in pairs. Talk about your favourite cartoons
using the following questions. Take notes when necessary.
1 What is your favourite cartoon
2 Who are the main characters
3 What happens in the cartoon
4 Why do you like it
—What's your favourite cartoon
—My favourite cartoon is... It’s...
Now write a passage about your partner's favourite cartoon.
一、单项填空
1. —Do you like the shirt —Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt
2. David’s sister often ______ her pocket money on books
and magazines.
A. takes B. pays C. costs D. spends
3. She said that she would arrive ______ Beijing earlier.
A. in B. at C. to D. for
4. I can’t wait ______ the pop singer. I’m looking forward
to doing interviews with him.
A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met
5. She is tall and slim ______ short fair hair.
A. has B. have C. with D. of
A
A
D
C
C
6. Thanks for ____ the Talent Show on Gaomi TV.
A. join B. joins C. to join D. joining
7. This book is so interesting, but it‘s _____ difficult for
children to understand.
A. a bit of B. a little bit C. a lot of D. a few
8. Let’s try our best ______ the poor children in the
western mountain countrysides.
A. to do B. help C. to help D. helps
9. We all feel ______ after hearing of the ______ news.
A. excited；excited B. exciting；exciting
C. excited；exciting D. exciting；excited
10. Betty is good at cooking and she does well in sports,
______.
A. neither B. also C. as well D. either
C
D
B
C
C
11. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
12. We have been friends since ______.
A. children B. five years
C. five years ago D. five years before
13. Mike ________ the story for a month.
A. has bought B. has had
C. had had D. has borrowed
14. You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked B. have already asked
C. already have asked D. asked already
15. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou ________.
A. since last week B. a week ago
C. for a week D. since a week ago
C
C
B
B
B
16. I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied
17. They _______ in the city since last summer.
A. live B. didn’t live C. have lived D. live 18. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in
19. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.
A. has been to B. has been in
C. has come to D. came to
20. His father _______ for years.
A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies
D
C
A
B
B
复习M1~M6所学单词、短语、句子和知识点，读熟M1~M6的课文和对话。为段考做准备。
Homework
