unit1 What's the matter? 语法考点汇总

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 What’s the matter？
【教材内容解析】
Section A
What’s the matter (P. 1)
What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了” 。可以表示“你怎么了？”的句子有：What’s wrong with sb. What’s the trouble(problem) What happened
2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)
stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：
头痛 headache ； 牙痛 toothache 背痛 backache
3.have a sore throat (P. 1)
sore是形容词，意为“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定语或表语。常见短语：
喉咙痛：have a sore throat 后背痛：have a sore back
4.lie down and rest. (P. 2)
(1). lie down意为“躺下”。
【拓展1】lie用作动词可以表示 “躺” 或者 “位于”，还可以表示 “撒谎”。
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie（躺、位于） lay lain lying
lie（撒谎） lied lied lying
lay（放置、下蛋） laid（ laid laying
记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。
(2). rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为 “休息”：have a rest
5.Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2)
maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。
Maybe he is a teacher.=He may be a teacher.
6.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)
此处连词if在句中引导条件状语从句，注意在含有if的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，
可遵循三条原则：
(1).主将从现：即主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。
(2).主祈从现：即主句为祈使句，从句用一般现在时态。
(3).主情从现：即主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时态。
7...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)
(1). see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。
翻译：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.
(2). see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。
翻译：I often see her dance in the park.
The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)
(1). think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。
翻译：You should think twice before you make the final decision.
think about 思考、考虑 ；think of 想起、认为；think over 仔细考虑
He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3)
(1). get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。
(2). happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。
Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3)
have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
expect的常见用法：
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
③expect + that从句 预料……
(2) wait的常见用法：
① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”
② wait to do sth.“等待做某事”
③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3)
① agree with sb. 同意某人
② agree to sth. 同意某事
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.
(1). thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或代词，作原因状语，相当于because of。
(2).in time “及时”强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到。
【拓展】on time “按时”指按计划做某事，强调不迟到，不早不晚。
“It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)
本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。
翻译：It is important that we should protect the environment.
(2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。
the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；
the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。
another: 表示“三者中另一个”。
others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。
the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。
Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。
翻译：The man hit the little boy in the face.
The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away.
right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。
Section B
Someone felt sick. (P. 5)
sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。He is ill/sick. He is a sick boy. （不能用ill替换）
have problems breathing (P. 6)
have problems (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有问题/麻烦”，相当于：
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。
As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6)
(1). as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。
As a student, you should study hard.
(2). 辨析： used to do sth；be used to do sth；与 be /get used to doing sth
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 记忆口诀：used to do 常常过； be used to do 被用做； be used to doing 习惯做
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
(3) risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6)
run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。
(2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。
He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6)
① be/get ready for sth.“为……做准备”
② be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”
The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.
7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6)
(1) so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。
(2) too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.
called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。
This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。
In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. (P. 6)
make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。
in control of意为“控制、管理”。
(3). the importance of sth/doing sth. （做）某事的重要性
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)
(1) 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
(2). keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。
例句：You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it.
Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks. (P. 7)
① mind doing sth. 介意做某事
② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事
Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
【语法讲解】
should和shouldn't表示建议
Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，表示义务，责任，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Shall I/we do sth 我／我们做 好吗？
Why not do sth 为什么不呢？
How/What about doing sth 做某事怎么样？
Let’s do sth让我们做吧。
You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
反身代词
反身代词是由第一人称，第二人称形容词性物主代词或者第三人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成的，反身代词意为“本人”“本身”为加强语气，也可以翻译为“亲自，自己”
by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone；
enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time；
help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"；
keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”；
say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）”
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．) （某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．) （某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．) （某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．) （某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK 你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥[拓展]某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
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