高考英语非谓语动词单项选择分类学案
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高考英语非谓语动词单项选择分类及详解
一个句子里面只能有一个主谓结构
主语+谓语
我走在街上
我看见一个商店
走在街上，我看见一个商店
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
To do 1.目的 为了（状语） 2. 将来（定语） 3.表对前面的抽象名词进行解释说明（表语 ） （目的状语 伴随状语 结果状语 ）
Doing 主动
Done 被动
不定式作状语 固定句式
Make sth. +adj (比较级)+to do
1. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ______ into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词
（注意：这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义）
2. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ______.
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
其他make的用法
Make 使动用法
Make 制作
因为用作使役动词的make后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。但事实上，句中的make不是使役动词，其后不定式也不是宾语补足语。这里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为：西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来收养这只有病的小病，等它能飞的时候再放走它。又如：
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
8.Simon made a big bamboo box______ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
It is +adj +for/of sb. to do sth. 复合结构
3. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.
A. to be undated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
It’s no use （in）doing sth
10. It’s no use ______ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
作宾语
下列动词只能接不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
即:
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/long;refuse,manage,wish,pretend;offer,promise,choose,
plan,agree,ask/beg,help.
名词ability后接习惯上接不定式作定语
He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。
4. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
动词seem后接习惯上接不定式，而不接动名词
I can’t seem to make him understand. 我似乎无法使他明白。
The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery. 这些房子和周围的景色浑然一体。
The old man didn’t seem to attach any importance to the problem. 那老人似乎一点也不重视那问题。
5. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face.
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
Allow/advise/forbid/permit/consider/permit sb to do sth（允许某人做某事） sb be permited to do
Allow/advise/forbid/permit/consider/permit doing
6. Passengers are permitted ______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
feel like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介词。介词后接动词一般要用动名词
11. Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study
表目的 目的状语
(in order to so as to )
Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people.
别再(把头)扭过去看人。
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
7. More TV programs, according to government official, will be produced ______ concern over food safety.
A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raise
表原因 原因状语
不定式作原因状语，一般位于表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容词主要有：happy,excited,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted 等。
I am so excited_________(be) here!
The boy was shocked ________(see) the frightening scene.
表结果 结果状语
不定式作结果状语，多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加only ，以加强语气；还常用在too...to,enough...to,so...as to 等结构中。
She returned only ____________（find）that no one was at home .
语法
（根据时态 语态去判断）
To do 表将来
9. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
His novel is said __to be published_______(publish) next week.
1. It’s great ____to hear ____ (hear) this news that China team won the match.
2. He pretended ___to sleep_____ (sleep) when his younger brother came in.
3. We agreed ___to meet _____ (meet) here but so far she has not turned up yet.
4. Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea ___to exercise_____ (exercise) too close to bedtime.
5. It’s going to rain. You’d better ____bring ____ (bring) the umbrella with you when going out.
6. You don’t have to run fast for long ___to see____ (see) the benefit. 为了
D。根据英语语法，在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词后习惯上接不定式作状语（注意：这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义），而四个选项中只有D为不定式，故选D。句意为：汤姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。
2. D。此题考点设置方面与上面一题极为相似，也是考查在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词接不定式作状语的用法，其结构均为“make sth +形容词（且两道题均为比较级）+不定式”。句意为：iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。
8. D。此题很容易误选A，因为用作使役动词的make后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。但事实上，句中的make不是使役动词，其后不定式也不是宾语补足语。这里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为：西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来收养这只有病的小病，等它能飞的时候再放走它。又如：
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
3. A。根据空格后的regularly（经常）可知，动作的发生是经常性的，由此可排除B和D，因为它均为完成式（表示动作已经发生）；for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故应选不定式的被动式，即选A。句意为：经常更新这些数值很重要。
4. C。名词ability后接习惯上接不定式作定语。本题的意思是：想法本身很重要，但能够把想法表达出来也同样很重要。又如：
He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。
5. B。动词seem后接习惯上接不定式，而不接动名词，故可排除A和D；又因为空格后的the art of communicating face-to-face是用作动词lose的宾语，所以空格处不能填不定式的被动式，故可排除C。又如：
I can’t seem to make him understand. 我似乎无法使他明白。
The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery. 这些房子和周围的景色浑然一体。
The old man didn’t seem to attach any importance to the problem. 那老人似乎一点也不重视那问题。
6. A。此题考查permit sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）这一句式，只不过题中用的是该句式的被动式。又如：
They were not permitted to form trade unions. 他们不让组织工会。
7. A。不定式在此用作目的状语，注意不能选C，因为用作目的状语的不定式不能用完成式。句意为：根据：据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。又如：
Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people. 别再(把头)扭过去看人。
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
9. C。从句法结构上看，空格处只能填一个非谓语动词，故可排除D；选项A表示正在进行，不符合句意；选项B是动词原形，而句中没有要求省略不定式符号to的语法结构，故也不行；而选项C为不定式的被动式，既表示将来，同时也表示被动，符合语境。简单地说，由于空格处填的非谓语动词表目的，四个选项中只有C为不定式，可以表目的，故选C。句意为：如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。又如：
The kids went to the hospital to be inoculated. 孩子们到医院去接种疫苗。
He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor. 他明天去诊所让大夫检查。
10. B。考查特殊句式it’s no use doing sth的用法。又如：
It’s no use talking about it now. 现在谈这事没有用。
It’s no use pretending you didn’t know. 你装糊涂是无济于事的。
It’s no use saying any more about what I think. 我的想法再说也没用了。
11. B。feel like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介词。根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动名词，故选B。又如：
I don’t feel like walking there. 我不想步行到那里去。
I felt like laughing, but I didn’t dare. 我想笑，但是不敢笑。
不定式
不定式的作用
作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）
To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）
（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.
作宾语
动词+不定式。如：
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
Why 开头时去掉to
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so （不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）
(3) There +不定式。如：
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
（2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I often help him （to）clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）
He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）
He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do you have anything else to say
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如：
I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
名师点津 含有too或enough的一些否定句型中，否定词和形容词或副词的原级连用，表示极为强烈的肯定意义。
can't/couldn't ... ＋too＋adj./adv. 无论……都不为过
can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 无论……都不为过/都不过分
⑥You can't be careful_enough when driving.
你开车时怎样小心都不为过。
⑦You cannot praise him too_much.
你再怎样称赞他都不过分。
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”。
(2)“too ... to ... ”结构之前带有only时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分……”“实在……”“真是太……”等。
(3)在“too ... to ...”结构中，当too后接带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等，表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情，此时的too相当于very，其后的不定式表肯定之意。
(4)在“too ... to ...”结构中，不定式为否定式时，构成双重否定，其意为“非常(很，太，那么)”“……不会不(必定能，所以能)”。
(5)too前有never, not等否定词时，也表肯定含义。
做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We were very excited to hear the news.
I’m glad to see you.
做条件状语。如：
To turn to the left , you could find a post office.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The question is how to put it into practice.
My question is when to leave.
His dream is to be a doctor.
Her work is to look after the babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当助于是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。
如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）
独立结构。如：
To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He seems to be eating something.
完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
省to 的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）
Would rather, had better.
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.
注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：
I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
使役动词 let, have, make.
由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.
Why…/Why not…
But 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
——I usually go there by train.
——Why not ______ by boat for a change
A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going
Paul doesn’t have to be made ______ . He always works hard.
A learn B to learn C learned D learning
四、 动词不定式的否定式。如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.
A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do
The patient was warned ______ food before the operation.
A to eat no B eating not C not to eat D not eating
一个句子里面只能有一个主谓结构
主语+谓语
我走在街上
我看见一个商店
走在街上，我看见一个商店
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 To do To be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 To have done To have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
To do 1.目的 为了（状语） 2. 将来（定语） 3.表对前面的抽象名词进行解释说明（表语 ） （目的状语 伴随状语 结果状语 ）
Doing 主动
Done 被动
不定式作状语 固定句式
Make sth. +adj (比较级)+to do
1. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ______ into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词
（注意：这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义）
2. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ______.
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
其他make的用法
Make 使动用法
Make 制作
因为用作使役动词的make后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。但事实上，句中的make不是使役动词，其后不定式也不是宾语补足语。这里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为：西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来收养这只有病的小病，等它能飞的时候再放走它。又如：
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
8.Simon made a big bamboo box______ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
It is +adj +for/of sb. to do sth. 复合结构
3. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.
A. to be undated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
It’s no use （in）doing sth
10. It’s no use ______ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
作宾语
下列动词只能接不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
即:
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/long;refuse,manage,wish,pretend;offer,promise,choose,
plan,agree,ask/beg,help.
名词ability后接习惯上接不定式作定语
He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。
4. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
动词seem后接习惯上接不定式，而不接动名词
I can’t seem to make him understand. 我似乎无法使他明白。
The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery. 这些房子和周围的景色浑然一体。
The old man didn’t seem to attach any importance to the problem. 那老人似乎一点也不重视那问题。
5. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ the art of communicating face-to-face.
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
Allow/advise/forbid/permit/consider/permit sb to do sth（允许某人做某事） sb be permited to do
Allow/advise/forbid/permit/consider/permit doing
6. Passengers are permitted ______ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
feel like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介词。介词后接动词一般要用动名词
11. Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study
表目的 目的状语
(in order to so as to )
Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people.
别再(把头)扭过去看人。
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
7. More TV programs, according to government official, will be produced ______ concern over food safety.
A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raise
表原因 原因状语
不定式作原因状语，一般位于表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容词主要有：happy,excited,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted 等。
I am so excited_________(be) here!
The boy was shocked ________(see) the frightening scene.
表结果 结果状语
不定式作结果状语，多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加only ，以加强语气；还常用在too...to,enough...to,so...as to 等结构中。
She returned only ____________（find）that no one was at home .
语法
（根据时态 语态去判断）
To do 表将来
9. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
His novel is said __to be published_______(publish) next week.
1. It’s great ____to hear ____ (hear) this news that China team won the match.
2. He pretended ___to sleep_____ (sleep) when his younger brother came in.
3. We agreed ___to meet _____ (meet) here but so far she has not turned up yet.
4. Although regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea ___to exercise_____ (exercise) too close to bedtime.
5. It’s going to rain. You’d better ____bring ____ (bring) the umbrella with you when going out.
6. You don’t have to run fast for long ___to see____ (see) the benefit. 为了
D。根据英语语法，在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词后习惯上接不定式作状语（注意：这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义），而四个选项中只有D为不定式，故选D。句意为：汤姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。
2. D。此题考点设置方面与上面一题极为相似，也是考查在easy, difficult, hard, comfortable等形容词接不定式作状语的用法，其结构均为“make sth +形容词（且两道题均为比较级）+不定式”。句意为：iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。
8. D。此题很容易误选A，因为用作使役动词的make后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。但事实上，句中的make不是使役动词，其后不定式也不是宾语补足语。这里的make表示“做”“制造”，其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为：西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来收养这只有病的小病，等它能飞的时候再放走它。又如：
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
3. A。根据空格后的regularly（经常）可知，动作的发生是经常性的，由此可排除B和D，因为它均为完成式（表示动作已经发生）；for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故应选不定式的被动式，即选A。句意为：经常更新这些数值很重要。
4. C。名词ability后接习惯上接不定式作定语。本题的意思是：想法本身很重要，但能够把想法表达出来也同样很重要。又如：
He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。
The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。
5. B。动词seem后接习惯上接不定式，而不接动名词，故可排除A和D；又因为空格后的the art of communicating face-to-face是用作动词lose的宾语，所以空格处不能填不定式的被动式，故可排除C。又如：
I can’t seem to make him understand. 我似乎无法使他明白。
The houses seem to blend into the surrounding scenery. 这些房子和周围的景色浑然一体。
The old man didn’t seem to attach any importance to the problem. 那老人似乎一点也不重视那问题。
6. A。此题考查permit sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）这一句式，只不过题中用的是该句式的被动式。又如：
They were not permitted to form trade unions. 他们不让组织工会。
7. A。不定式在此用作目的状语，注意不能选C，因为用作目的状语的不定式不能用完成式。句意为：根据：据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。又如：
Stop turning (your heads) round to look at people. 别再(把头)扭过去看人。
The Government set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。
9. C。从句法结构上看，空格处只能填一个非谓语动词，故可排除D；选项A表示正在进行，不符合句意；选项B是动词原形，而句中没有要求省略不定式符号to的语法结构，故也不行；而选项C为不定式的被动式，既表示将来，同时也表示被动，符合语境。简单地说，由于空格处填的非谓语动词表目的，四个选项中只有C为不定式，可以表目的，故选C。句意为：如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。又如：
The kids went to the hospital to be inoculated. 孩子们到医院去接种疫苗。
He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor. 他明天去诊所让大夫检查。
10. B。考查特殊句式it’s no use doing sth的用法。又如：
It’s no use talking about it now. 现在谈这事没有用。
It’s no use pretending you didn’t know. 你装糊涂是无济于事的。
It’s no use saying any more about what I think. 我的想法再说也没用了。
11. B。feel like的意思是“想要”，其中的like是介词。根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动名词，故选B。又如：
I don’t feel like walking there. 我不想步行到那里去。
I felt like laughing, but I didn’t dare. 我想笑，但是不敢笑。
不定式
不定式的作用
作主语 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）
To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）
（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.
作宾语
动词+不定式。如：
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）
注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
Why 开头时去掉to
注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so （不带to的不定式）
注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）
(3) There +不定式。如：
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
（2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：
They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
I often help him （to）clean the room.
I helped him (to) find his things.
作定语
不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：
I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）
He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）
He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）
He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）
注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：
Do you have anything else to say
2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如：
I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)
I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)
作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
名师点津 含有too或enough的一些否定句型中，否定词和形容词或副词的原级连用，表示极为强烈的肯定意义。
can't/couldn't ... ＋too＋adj./adv. 无论……都不为过
can't/couldn't ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 无论……都不为过/都不过分
⑥You can't be careful_enough when driving.
你开车时怎样小心都不为过。
⑦You cannot praise him too_much.
你再怎样称赞他都不过分。
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”。
(2)“too ... to ... ”结构之前带有only时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分……”“实在……”“真是太……”等。
(3)在“too ... to ...”结构中，当too后接带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等，表示一种状态、态度、倾向或心情，此时的too相当于very，其后的不定式表肯定之意。
(4)在“too ... to ...”结构中，不定式为否定式时，构成双重否定，其意为“非常(很，太，那么)”“……不会不(必定能，所以能)”。
(5)too前有never, not等否定词时，也表肯定含义。
做目的状语，to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.
作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
做原因状语。如：
We were very excited to hear the news.
I’m glad to see you.
做条件状语。如：
To turn to the left , you could find a post office.
作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：
The question is how to put it into practice.
My question is when to leave.
His dream is to be a doctor.
Her work is to look after the babies.
注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当助于是不定式时，表语不能用Ving形式，可用不定式。
如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）
独立结构。如：
To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain.
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的时态
现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
He seems to be eating something.
完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：
She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.
不定式的语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：
He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
省to 的动词不定式
情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）
Would rather, had better.
感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.
注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：
I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.
They were made to work the whole night.
使役动词 let, have, make.
由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.
Why…/Why not…
But 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
——I usually go there by train.
——Why not ______ by boat for a change
A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going
Paul doesn’t have to be made ______ . He always works hard.
A learn B to learn C learned D learning
四、 动词不定式的否定式。如：Tell him not to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking.
A never to drive B to never drive C never driving D never drive
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A not to B not to do C not do it D do not do
The patient was warned ______ food before the operation.
A to eat no B eating not C not to eat D not eating