2022年中考英语一轮复习：话题十三　自然、世界与环境（68张ppt）

(共68张PPT)
话题十三　自然、世界与环境
Nature, The World and the Environment
一、自然
A．话题高频词汇
宇宙 1.宇宙__________ 2.太空__________ 3.星系galaxy 4.太阳系solar system 5.银河系Milk Way 6.恒星star 7.行星__________ 8.卫星__________ 9.太阳sun
10.地球________
11.月球________
12.火星Mars
moon
earth
satellite
planet
space
universe
动物 1.动物_______ 2.老鼠mouse 3.老虎_______ 4.兔子_______ 5.狐狸fox 6.龙_______ 7.蛇snake 8.猴子_______ 9.熊bear 10.熊猫_______ 11.绵羊/山羊__________ 12.狮子_______ 13.大象_______ 14.狼_______ 15.长颈鹿giraffe 16.狗dog 17.猫cat 18.母鸡hen 19.公鸡cock
20.小鸡_______
21.猪pig
22.鸭_______
23.鹅goose
24.牛cow
25.马_______
26.鱼fish
27.鸟_______
bird
horse
duck
chicken
wolf
elephant
lion
sheep/goat
panda
monkey
dragon
rabbit
tiger
animal
植物 1.植物_______ 2.树tree 3.树林woods 4.森林_______ 5.树叶_______ 6.竹子_______ 7.草_______
8.花_______
9.种子/果实seed/fruit
山川 与 河流 1.山脉_______ 2.河流_______ 3.小山_______ 4.山顶peak 5.山坡hillside 6.山脚foot 7.平原plain 8.山洞cave 9.陆地land 10.海_______ 11.洋_______ 12.海滩_______ 13.海岸_______
14.海浪wave
15.岛屿_______
16.湖泊_______
17.小溪stream
18.河岸_______
bank
lake
island
coast
flower
grass
beach
ocean
sea
bamboo
leaf
forest
hill
river
mountain
plant
人类 与 自然 1.人类human being 2.宇航员 _______ 3.宇宙飞船 _______ 4.公路 _______ 5.铁路railway 6.桥 _______ 7.地震
_______
8.洪水flood
9.飓风typhoon
earthquake
bridge
road
spaceship
astronaut
1.人造卫星 ______________ 2.数百万的 ______________ 3.用……覆盖 ______________ 4.消失;灭亡 _______ 5.野生动物 ___________ 6.保护……免受 _______________ 7.对……有害 _______________ 8.建立 _______________ 9.探索
_______________
10.开花;结果
_______________
11.围绕……转动
_______________
12.飞入fly into
move around
come out
search for
set up
be harm to
wild animal
die out
be covered with
millions of
B.话题常用短语
man-made satellite
protect…from
1.地球上有成千上万种动植物。
There are 　　 　　 animals and plants.
2.地球约70%的表面积被水覆盖。
About 70% of the earth 　　 　　 water.
3.月亮围绕着地球转动。
The moon 　　 　　 the earth.
4.我们感到悲伤的是有些动物已经灭绝。We are sad that some of the animals 　　 　　.
5.一想到一些动物处于濒临灭绝中,就让人很难过。
It’s sad to 　　 　　.
think of some animals in danger　　
have died out　　
moves around　　
is covered with　　
C.话题常用句子
thousands of kinds of　　
国家 与 国人 国家 国人 国家 国人
1.中国China 2.印度India 3.英国 ____________ 4.法国 _______________ 5.美国America 6.日本Japan Chinese ___________ English French ___________ ___________ 7.加拿大 ———— 8.德国Germany 9.澳大利亚 ———— 10.西班牙Span 11.俄罗斯Russia 12.意大利Italy Canadians
___________
Australians
Spanish
___________
___________
Italian
Russian
German
Australia
Canada
Japanese
American
Indian
France
England
二、世界与环境
A.话题高频词汇
其他 1.世界 ______________ 2.国家 ______________ 3.民族nation 4.人口 ______________ 5.首都 ______________ 6.城市city 7.农村 ______________ 8.城镇 ______________ 9.村庄
______________
10.外国人
______________
11.省
______________
12.(美国的)州state
province
foreigner
village
town
countryside
capital
population
country
world
环保 1.环境 ________________ 2.保护__________ 3.污染__________ 4.废物waste 5.垃圾__________ 6.噪音__________ 7.能量__________ 8.减少__________ 9.再循环recycle 10.再使用 ________________ 11.燃料fuel
12.排出pour
13.干净的clean
14.有害的
_______________
15.漂亮的
_______________
beautiful
harmful
reuse
reduce
energy
noise
rubbish
pollute
protect
environment
1.防止;预防prevent …from 2.在……的帮助下 ______________ 3.用完;用光 ______________ 4.(战争等)爆发 ______________ 5.到处;处处here and there 6.为了…… ______________ 7.对……有害
______________
8.简言之;总之
______________
in short
be harmful to
in order to
break out
use up
B.话题常用短语
with the help of
1.环境变得越来越糟糕。
The environment is 　　 　　.
2.为了保护环境,我们应该过低碳生活。
　　 　　,we should live a low-carbon life.
3.我们最好用布袋,而不是塑料袋。
We’d better use cloth bags 　　 　　.
instead of plastic ones　　
To protect the environment　　
becoming worse and worse　　
C.话题常用句子
4.这不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。
It’s 　　 　　 the environment.
5.作为学生,我们可以循环使用书本。
As students,we can 　　 　　.
6.如果人人能为保护环境做贡献,世界将变得更美。
If everyone can do 　　 　　,
our world will become better.
something to protect the environment　　
reuse our books　　
not only cruel but also harmful to　　
一、语法选择
Many deserts are very hot in the day.1 temperature ever recorded on Earth was 56.6 in California and Nevada's Death Valley in 1913. Even though many deserts 2 reach temperatures of over 37.8 during the day in summer, they can get cold at night.Do you know why 3 In most places,
clouds and water vapor (水蒸气) hold in heat, 4 deserts don't have enough clouds and water vapor to do this.
Some deserts are always cold—in fact the biggest desert in the world is Antarctica (南极洲)! Although it 5 in snow and ice, it seldom rains or snows in Antarctica, which 6 it a desert.
It seems that nothing can live in a desert because 7 so dry.But most deserts are full of life, with plants and
animals. Some plants, like grass, have very small leaves that curl up (卷起) in the daytime 8 the water they have.
Most desert animals stay underground or under rocks during the day. They come out for food at night. They can live 9 much water. Kangaroo rats in the Sonoran Desert get water from 10 __ seeds they eat.
If you plan to go to a desert, be sure to pack water, sunscreen, and protective clothing.
( ) 1.A.High B．Higher C．Highest D．The highest
( ) 2.A.can B．must C．should D．need
( ) 3.A.was it B．it was C．it is D．is it
( ) 4.A.and B．but C．so D．or
( ) 5.A.cover B．covered C．is covered D．was covered
D
A
C
B
C
( ) 6.A.make B．makes C．made D．will make
( ) 7.A.it B．its C．it's D．itself
( ) 8.A.keeping B．kept C．keeps D．to keep
( ) 9.A.without B．with C．by D．for
( ) 10.A.a B．an C．the D．/
B
C
D
A
C
二、完形填空
We know that more and more animals are in danger now. Many people have 1 shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China.
When people catch sharks, they 2 their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer 3 and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of
the food chain in the 4 ecosystem. If their numbers drop too low, it will 5 danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered 6 they are the strongest in their food chain. In fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The 7 of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
8 eat shark fins So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are 9 for health. Environmental protection groups around the world have asked governments to develop 10 to stop the sale of shark fins. Help save the sharks. It's our duty to protect animals.
( ) 1.A.put down B．taken care of
C．heard of D．run out of
( )2.A.cut up B．cut down C．cut out D．cut off
( )3.A.swim B．live C．play D．shout
( )4.A.ocean B．river C．water D．sea
( )5.A.improve B．bring C．hide D．lend
C
D
A
A
B
( )6.A.though B．if C．because D．until
( )7.A.photos B．numbers C．names D．tasks
( )8.A.How B．When C．Why D．Where
( )9.A.bad B．harmful C．polite D．good
( )10.A.laws B．science C．space D．rules
C
B
C
D
A
三、阅读理解
A
Come and visit Australia Zoo! Scientists will give wonderful lessons about animals every Tuesday! Don't miss it！
Area A
*Koalas live in the trees and like eating grass and leaves.They can live to be about 14 years. You can learn about their habits and why they sleep for nearly 20 hours a day.
Showtime: 1:30 p.m.—3:30 p.m. except Friday
*Kangaroos can jump at a speed of 13－15 miles per hour. They can live for at most 22 years.
Showtime: 3:30 p.m.—5:30 p.m. except Friday
Area B
*Crocodiles (鳄鱼) have the strongest bite (咬力) of all animals in the world. They can live to be 45－100 years. The crocodiles here are 76 years old！
Showtime: 10: 00 a.m.－11: 00 a.m. except weekends
*Tortoises (龟) can live for more than 100 years! They can grow to about 1 meter long.
Showtime: 9:00 a.m. except weekends
Area C
*Tigers are the largest of the big cats weighing up to 300 kg! Watch our tigers swimming in the water.
Showtime: 11:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m. except Friday
*Camels' humps (驼峰) actually store fat, not water！
Showtime: 12:30 p.m.—1:20 p.m. except Friday

Area D
*Parrots (鹦鹉) here have four toes on each foot—two in front and two behind.
Showtime: 9:00 a.m.—5:30 p.m. except weekends
Ticket Prices
Adult: $ 55
Child: $ 45
Family(2 adults＋2 children): $172
( ) 1.Visitors can take lessons about animals on ________.
A．Sunday B．Tuesday
C．Thursday D．Friday
( ) 2.Visitors can see kangaroos and tortoises ________.
A．at Area A and Area B B．at Area A and Area C
C．at Area B and Area C D．at Area C and Area D
B
A
( ) 3.Which of the following animals can visitors see on Saturdays
A．Crocodiles. B．Parrots.
C．Tortoises. D．Koalas.
D
( ) 4.On Sundays, which is the best order for visitors to see as many animals as possible
A．Tigers→camels→koalas→kangaroos. B．Tigers→koalas→camels→kangaroos.
C．Tigers→kangaroos→camels. D．Tigers→kangaroos→koalas→camels.
A
( ) 5.If 5 year old Millie and her parents visit the zoo, they should pay ________.
A．$127 B．$145 C．$155 D．$172
C
B
Garbage sorting not only can protect the environment but also save resources.How should we sort garbage better Doing a bit of research before you sort your trash (垃圾) can make all the difference. Recycling rules are different in different places. But no matter where you live, here are a few ways.
Don't put your recyclables (回收物) in a plastic bag. It's not that we don't have the technology to recycle plastic bags. Plastic bags just cause a lot of problems in the recycling process. They jam (使卡住) recycling equipment. They blow off landfills (垃圾填埋场) and end up in oceans.
If you have a lot of plastic bags, you can turn to programs that focus on them. Otherwise, you may just put them in the dry garbage bin.
You can recycle plastic bottle caps
Traditionally, plastic bottles with caps on caused problems.Bottles are made from plastic. Their caps, however, are made from plastic. They melt at different temperatures and need to be processed separately. But times have changed. Recycling equipment has improved. In sorting factories, caps and bottles are separated. However, bottles with caps on usually take up more transport space, they are filled
with air. Therefore, you may squeeze the air out of your bottles before you recycle them.
You can't recycle a pizza box
Although cardboard itself is recyclable, pizza boxes are not. Why It all comes down to (归结为) the oil. The oil on the boxes makes the paper non recyclable. This problem isn't unique to pizza boxes. Many food containers (器皿) run into a similar issue (问题)．Paper napkins and towels are all non recyclable for this reason.
( ) 6.What does the underlined word “squeeze” mean is Chinese in the passage
A．拍打 B．挤压
C．吸收 D．安排
B
( ) 7.What problems can plastic bags cause in the recycling process
①They jam recycling equipment.　　　 ②They will be blown off of the landfills.
③We can't recycle plastic bags.　　　 ④They may pollute the ocean.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①②③④
C
( ) 8.At present, we need to separate the plastic bottles from their caps because ________.
A．they are made from different plastics
B．the recycling equipment can't process them together
C．the air in the bottle may cause great danger
D．bottles with caps on take up more space in transport
D
( ) 9.Which is not mentioned as the non recyclable rubbish in the passage
A．Paper napkins. B．Towels.
C．Cardboard. D．Pizza boxes.
C
( ) 10.The best title for the passage is ________.
A．You can do it better at garbage sorting
B．The recycling rules make our city cleaner
C．Turn the garbage into treasure
D．Protecting the environment is protecting ourselves
A
C
配对阅读
A.Come for a night walk along the Wild Animal Park. Many of the animals you'll see on this trip can only be seen at night. But the daytime is the best time to see many beautiful plants.
B．Welcome to Freebird Shop. Here you will find many kinds of beautiful birds. They got hurt badly and can't fly anymore. But you can keep them in the cages. We would like to teach how to keep them.
C．Welcome to the People's Zoo. You will see many animals from around the world. Some kinds of animals that existed during the time of the dinosaur will be shown, e.g. crocodile, tortoise.
D．A cat was sent to the police office this morning. It has black hair, two blue eyes. It looked tired and hungry. If it is yours, come here and take it home.
E．Our zoo is looking for a person to take care of some animals. It doesn't matter what your major is and how old you are. If you like animals and you are patient enough, you can get the job.
F．You can get animal pictures, photos, videos, facts, and more on our web http：//www.. It tells you a lot about living styles of animals, the animal structure and the food they eat. You can also read news about them here.
G．Pets are our friends. Helping homeless pets is one of the best acts of kindness. There are many ways to help them. Make a donation today at www..
( ) 11.Lucy likes animals very much, and she finds there are some homeless pets around her neighborhood. They look hungry and dirty. She wonders what she can do to help those poor animals.
G
( ) 12.Jim is a middle school student. He loves nature. He wants to visit some places where there are lots of animals and plants. He especially hopes to see animals at night.
( ) 13.Jack likes animals a lot. Though his major in college is math, he wants to work in a zoo. He is happy as long as he stays with animals.
A
E
( ) 14.Scott loves cats very much. He regards cats as his friends.Now he keeps three in his house. He is interested in all kinds of information and news about them.
( ) 15.Mary likes birds very much. She likes hearing them singing in the cage. She ever kept two birds but they died soon. She wants to know how she should keep the birds successfully.
F
B
四、短文填空
How to deal with a city's rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to 1 it.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of the cities to a dump (垃圾场)．Often the city dump is placed where the ground is 2 or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the rubbish system. The system takes 3 the used water from
toilets, bathtubs and other places.
To keep mice and flies away，some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, 4 or trees may be planted on the rubbished filled land. Finally, a house or garden may be 5 there, and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities, the rubbish is burnt in special 6 ．The fire burns 7 except the metal (金属)．Another problem is 8 to do with the metal. It can be used again in factories. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles. They slowly change 9 something called humus (腐殖质)．It looks like black earth.It is rich with the kinds of things, 10 they are used to feed plants and help make them grow.
1.__________ 2.　 　　 3.__________　 　
4.__________ 5.　 　 6.__________　 　　
7.__________ 8.　 　 　 9.__________　 　　
10.　 　
collect
low
away
grass
built
places
everything
what
into
so
五、读写综合
A．回答问题
请阅读下面的一篇文章，根据文章所提供的信息，回答问题。
　　World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Greenpeace are two famous organizations in the world. They both have the purpose of making our planet a better place to live.
The WWF began in Switzerland on September 11th, 1961. It is worried about the loss of and damage to Earth's environment and works to protect wild animals and plants. More than half of the world's wildlife population has been lost, according to one of the reports by WWF. Now it has offices in 100 countries and nearly 50 million members all over the world. The members are from different groups, including governments, business, scientists and farmers. They have played an active part in saving animals and rain forests. At the moment a WWF project is protecting the Amazon rainforest. WWF has
done plenty of research to find creative ways that meet
the need of both people and nature.
Greenpeace is a non governmental environmental organization with offices in over 39 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Greenpeace was set up in 1971, with an idea of working for world peace at the very beginning. Now it is active in protecting oceans, forests, and animals as well. It also calls for the use of clean energy, like wind power and solar (太阳能的) power. Greenpeace has offices in 45 countries such as America and Canada.
Greenpeace has done a lot and has about 3 million members
at present. Small steps lead to big changes. It encourages more
and more people to start doing things for a better world.
Together we can change the world
1. What do the members in these two organizations do
2．How many people work for WWF
3．What are some of the WWF members doing right now
They make our planet a better place to live.
Nearly 50 million people work for WWF/it.
They are protecting the Amazon rainforest (right now)．
4．Why was Greenpeace set up in 1971
5．Where are the offices of the Greenpeace organization
It was set up (to work /for working) for world peace.
They are in 45 countries (in the world/such as America and Canada)．
B．书面表达
“绿水青山就是金山银山”是中国生态文明建设的目标，动物同样是大自然给予人类的宝贵资源，对维护生态平衡有着不可替代的作用。假如你是李华，你校英语报“我·自然·野生动物”栏目邀你投槁。请你谈谈你的做法与看法。
内容包括：
1．你对节约资源，保护野生动物的认识；
2．你或你周边人日常生活中的做法；
3．你希望……
参考词汇：resource资源
作文要求：
1．不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名；
2．语句连贯，词数80左右；
3．作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
一、审好题
1．写作指导：文章是一篇话题作文，围绕节约资源，保护野生动物，从认识、做法和希望三个角度展开描写。文章采取三段式描写。开篇段叙述对节约资源，保护野生动物的认识，引出下文要说的内容；中间段具体描写你或你周边人在日常生活节约资源，保护野生动物的做法，描写要具体详细；结尾段提出你的。文章主要以第一人称，用一般现在时态描写，谈及你的希望可用一般将来时态。
2．写作提纲：
二、选好词
What to write：save resources and protect wild animals
1．What do you think of saving resources and protecting wild animals？①necessary　②important
2．How do you or people around you do to save resources and protect wild animals
To save resources：①turn off taps and lights　
②walk or ride a bike　
③use both sides of paper　
④__________________
To protecting wild animals：①not kill wild animals　
②not eat wild animals　
③________________________
3．What‘s your hope？Let’s try/I hope .
三、扩好句(要点句＋支撑句)
1．I think it is not only necessary but also important to save resources and protect wild animals.
2．To save resources：①I turn off taps and lights.
②I walk or ride a bike when I go out.
③I use both sides of paper.
To protecting wild animals：①I never kill wild animals.
②I never eat wild animals.
③_____________________________
3．Let’s try to save resources and protect wild animals so that we can have a beautiful nature .
四、组好文(逻辑连贯性、亮点词语、高分亮句)
Our nature is not only hungry, but also thirsty for water. And wild animals are our natural resources, too. So I think it is not only necessary but also important for us to save resources and protect wild animals.
To save resources, I always turn off taps and lights when I don’t use them. I also walk or ride a bike when I go out. What’s more, I use both sides of paper and I never use
one off chopsticks or cups. If everyone does so, more trees can be saved so that wild animal can have more places to live in. Besides, I never kill and eat wild animals.
Let’s try to save resources and protect wild animals so that we can have a beautiful nature and our Chinese dream can come true as well!