2022年中考英语陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句讲义 练习课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句
句子按说话目的可分为四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句
1. 陈述句的五种基本句型
(1) 主语+系动词+表语
e.g. My name is Tom. 我叫汤姆。
He looks good. 他看上去气色不错。
(2) 主语+不及物动词
e.g. She never lies. 她从不撒谎。
(3) 主语+及物动词 +宾语
e.g. He watched TV yesterday.他昨天看电视了。
(4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
e.g. He gave her a lovely doll.
他送给她一个可爱的洋娃娃。
(5) 主语+及物动词 +宾语+宾语补足语
e.g. He made the computer work again.
他让计算机重新运行起来了。
2. 陈述句的否定形式
(1) 主语+be动词 + not + 其他.
(2) 主语+情态动词/ 助动词+ not +动词原形+ 其他.
e.g. I didn’t get up at six o’clock this morning.
今天早上六点我没有起床。
(3) 可以用no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor…, none, nothing等词构成否定句。
e.g. She has no ability in that kind of work.
她没有那种工作能力。
(4) 在宾语从句中，若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时，主句的谓语动词 是think, believe, suppose等时，从句的否定词要转移到主语。
(5) “too… to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。
e.g. She is too young to go to school.
她年龄太小，还不能去上学。
1. (2021重庆中考A卷)
I talked to him on the phone yesterday. （改为否定句）
I ___________ ___________to him on the phone yesterday.
2. (2021重庆中考B卷)
She has finished her schoolwork.（改为否定句）
She _______ ________her schoolwork.
didn't talk
hasn’t finished
3. (2021四川达州中考)
He’s made a decision to teach in the village school. (改为否定句)
He a decision to teach in the village school.
4. (2021·甘肃天水中考）
Linda thinks it’s easy to write Chinese words. (改为否定句)
Linda _______ _______ it’s easy to write Chinese words.
hasn’t made
doesn’t think
疑问句
疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有三种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句。
概念 结构 例句
用yes, no来回答的疑问句为一般疑问句。 be＋主语＋其他 —Is she a nurse？ 她是一名护士吗？
—No, she isn’t. She is a teacher.
不，她不是。她是一名老师。
一、一般疑问句
概念 结构 例句
用yes, no来回答的疑问句为一般疑问句。 情态动词＋主语＋ 动词原形＋ 其他？ —Must I finish the report today？
我今天必须完成这份报告吗？
—Yes, you must. 是的，你必须完成。
—No, you needn’t./you don’t have to.
不, 你不必完成。
助动词＋主语＋动词原形/现在、过去分词＋其他？ Do you want to go to the movies with me
你想和我一起去看电影吗？
Have you been to Tibet你去过西藏吗？
1. (2021 江苏南通中考)
He has to walk to school when there's no bus service. (改为一般疑问句)
________ he ________ to walk to school when there's no bus service
2. (2021·甘肃天水中考）
Daisy ran very fast when she was young. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Daisy ________very fast when she was young
Does have
Did run
3. (2020甘肃白银中考)
The Brows were watching TV when they got the phone
call last night.（改为一般疑问句）
_________the Browns _________ TV when they got the
phone call last night
Were watching
4. (2020上海中考)
The middle school boy can tell traditional Chinese stories
in English. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ the middle school boy _______ traditional
Chinese stories in English
Can tell
5. (2020贵州黔南州中考)
The foreigners visited the Great Wall of China yesterday.
（改为一般疑问句）
________ the foreigners _________ the Great Wall of
China yesterday
Did visit
6. (2020甘肃天水中考)
Li Ziqi has made some excellent videos about Chinese
culture.（改为一般疑问句）
_________ Li Ziqi made ________ excellent videos about
Chinese culture
Has any
二、特殊疑问句
1. 特殊疑问词
类别 疑问词 含义及用法
疑问代词 what 什么，询问职业、身份、观点、日期等（无选择范围）
which 哪一个，询问特定的人或物（有选择范围）
who 谁，询问人或身份
疑问副词 when 什么时候，询问时间
where 哪里，询问地点、位置　
why 为什么，询问原因
how 如何，询问方式
类别
疑问词组 how soon, how long, how far, how often, what class, what time, what color, how old, how many, how much
1. (2021 江苏南通中考)
—________ does May look like
—She is a pretty girl with big bright eyes and long straight hair.
A. How B. What C. Which D. Who
2. (2021广西柳州中考)
—_______ is the schoolbag
—60 yuan.
A. How often B. How old C. How much
B
C
3. (2021 北京中考)
—________ shall we meet for the picnic
—At the school gate.
A. How B. When C. Why D. Where
4. (2021福建中考)
—___________do you play sports, Ella
— Every day. It's necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.
A. How much B. How often C. How long
D
B
5. (2021江苏南京中考)
—Millie, ___________ are you reading
—Camel Xiangzi, by the famous Chinese writer, Lao She.
A. who B. how C. where D. what
6. (2021江苏连云港中考)
—____________ is the concert going to start
—I've no idea. Why not check the ticket
A. What time B. What about
C. How long D. How often
D
A
7. (2021黑龙江牡丹江鸡西中考)
Miss Green will go back to her hometown in three weeks. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ will Miss Green go back to her hometown
8. (2021 江苏南通中考)
The farmer put an end to poverty by selling products on Tiktok. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the farmer put an end to poverty
How soon
How did
9. (2021重庆中考A卷)
We are going to eat zongzi at home after the exam. （对划线部分提间）
__________ ___________ you going to eat zongzi after the exam
10. (2021重庆中考B卷)
It’s about 3 kilometres from the school to the park.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ is it from the school to the park
Where are
How far
11. (2021四川达州中考)
The woman hardly eats meat because of losing weight.（对划线部分提问）
does the woman eat meat because of losing weight
12. (2021·甘肃天水中考）
I have been learning English for over 9 years.(对画线部分提问)
___________ __________have you been learning English
How often
How long
三、选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的选项，要求对方选择其一的问句称为选择疑问句。选项之间用or连接，回答不用yes或者no，可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答，也可用不定代词all, either, neither或none作答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。如：
—Which teacher will you miss the most after junior high
school, Miss Zhang or Miss Wu？
—Both.
选择疑问句可以分为以下两种：
种类 形式 例句
一般选择疑问句 一般疑问句＋选择项＋ or＋选择项 —Is he tall or short
—He isn't tall or short. He is of medium height
特殊选择疑问句 特殊疑问句＋ 选择项＋ or＋ 选择项？ —Which season do you like better, summer or winter
—I like winter better.
1. (2020上海中考)
Which club do you prefer to join, the chess club ______
the dancing club
A. so B. but C. or D. for
C
2. (2019 湖北随州中考)
—Do you like rock music or light music
—______ . I like pop music.
A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either
C
祈使句
祈使句表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等，通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形。常见的句型结构，具体如下：
形式 结构 例句
肯定 形式 （Please＋）动词原形 Put away your things.
Do＋动词原形（加强语气，表示“务必，一定”） Do come on time！
Do look out！
Let＋宾语＋动词原形 Let's have another try.
Be +表语（+其他） Be careful when you use a knife.
形式 结构 例句
否定 形式 Don't ＋动词原形 Don't open the window.
No＋名词/动名词 No photos！
No parking！
Don't let＋宾语＋动词原形＝ Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形 Don't let him go there alone.＝ Let him not go there alone.
had better 后加not You’d better not play football on the street.
祈使句的回答用一般将来时。如：
— Please remember to bring my notebook to school.
— OK, I will.
“祈使句， and/or＋陈述句（表结果）”结构。如：
Take the chance, or you will regret.
注意：
1. (2021辽宁丹东中考)
If you want to get good grades, _____ in as much effort as possible.
A. putting B. put C. to put D. puts
2. (2021广西梧州中考)
— ______ your hands before dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A. Wash B. Washes C. Washing D. To wash
B
A
3. (2021辽宁大连中考)
_______ at people when you talk. This is a polite way of communication in China.
Look B. Looking C. To look D. Looked
4. (2021台湾中考)
If you’re interested in our business plan, this number and ask for Ms. Lee. She’ll answer your questions.
(A) calling (B) call (C) and call (D) to call
A
(B)
5. (2021黑龙江绥化中考)
____ it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.
A. Thinking B. To think C. Think
C
6. (2020湖南长沙中考)
_______ your smartphones, and read for at least 30 minutes every day! You know, reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.
A. Put away B. To put away C. Putting away
A
7. (2020辽宁营口中考)
—______ the dishes after dinner, Tony.
—No problem, Mom.
A. Washing B. Washes C. To wash D. Wash
8. (2020四川凉山中考)
When I want to go out to play with my friends, my mother
always says, “______at home. Don’t waste your time.”
A. Stay B. Stays C. To stay D. Staying
D
A
9. (2020湖南湘西中考)
Please _____ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A. puts B. put C. to put
10. (2020湖南邵阳中考)
—How can I avoid the illness, Sir
—______ a mask when going out and wash hands with soap.
A. Wears B. Wear C. To wear
A
B
11. (2020贵州黔南)
You shouldn’t walk across the road when the light is red. (改为祈使句)
_____ _____ across the road when the light it red!
Don’t walk
12. (2020贵州黔西南州)
You shouldn’t tell lies to others and learn to be honest!（改为祈使句）
_________ ________ lies to others and learn to be honest!
Don’t tell
感叹句
感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。
形式 结构 例句
what引导 What+ a/an +形容词+可数名词单数（＋主语 ＋谓语）！ What a beautiful city！
多美的一座城市啊
What+形容词+可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！ What interesting books (they are)！
多么有趣的书啊！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！ What nice music (it is)！
多么美妙的音乐啊！
形式 结构 例句
How 引导 How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How strong he is！他多么强壮啊
How＋形容词＋a/an/the＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！ How careful a girl （she is）！
她是个多细心的女孩啊！
How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies！时光飞逝！
感叹句，表情感，How与What放句前。名词词组跟What，How与形副紧相连。为使句子更简洁，主谓部分可省略。
1. (2021贵州毕节中考)
_______ smart the driverless car is!
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
2. (2021黑龙江牡丹江鸡西中考)
—This is a photo of our family. Would you like to see it
—Wow! happy family!
A. What a B. How a C. What
D
A
3. (2021辽宁盘锦中考)
Hi, Mom moved me to tears. _______ touching the movie was!
What a B. How a C. How D. What
4. (2021湖北襄阳中考)
— ___________ nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me
— Good idea! Let’s go.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
C
D
5. (2021广西玉林中考)
—My mother is planning to have a second child next year.
—_______good idea it is.
A. What B. How C. What a D. What an
6. (2021青海中考)
—Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, passed away on May 22.
— sad news! His death is a huge loss for our country.
A. How B. What a C. What
C
C
7. (2021海南中考)
_______time flies! Our middle school life is coming to an end.
A. How B. What C. What a
8. (2021四川达州中考)
Mr. Green told us a very exciting story just now. (改为感叹句)
exciting story Mr. Green told us just now!
What an
A
9. (2021黑龙江牡丹江鸡西中考)
That school art festival was very wonderful. （改为感叹句）
_______ _________ the school art festival was!
10. (2021 江苏南通中考)
It is really a pleasant time to have a picnic on a warm sunny day.(改为感叹句)
________ ________ pleasant time it is to have a picnic on a warm sunny day!
How wonderful
What a